Search

Your search keyword '"Mozaffarian, Dariush"' showing total 166 results
Start Over Author "Mozaffarian, Dariush" Database Supplemental Index
166 results on '"Mozaffarian, Dariush"'

1. Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Related Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites and Incident Heart Failure Development in Community-Based Populations.

Author

Tang, W. H. Wilson, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Jensen, Paul N., Meng Wang, Zeneng Wang, Li, Xinmin S., Nemet, Ina, Yujin Lee, Lai, Heidi T. M., de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C., Fretts, Amanda M., Sotoodehnia, Nona, DiDonato, Joseph A., Bäckhed, Fredrik, Psaty, Bruce M., Siscovick, David S., Budoff, Matthew J., Mozaffarian, Dariush, and Hazen, Stanley L.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbial metabolite of dietary choline and carnitine, promotes both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease risk. It remains unclear how circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its related dietary and gut microbe-derived metabolites (choline, betaine, carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine) affect incident heart failure (HF). METHODS: We evaluated 11 768 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with serial measures of metabolites. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between metabolites and incident HF, adjusted for cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS: In all, 2102 cases of HF occurred over a median follow-up of 15.9 years. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, higher concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.09-1.20]; P<0.001), choline (hazard ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.26-1.64]; P<0.001), and crotonobetaine (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.16-1.32]; P<0.001) were associated with increased risk for incident HF. After further adjustment for renal function (potential confounder or mediator), these associations did not reach Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance (P=0.01, 0.049, and 0.006, respectively). Betaine and carnitine were nominally associated with a higher incidence of HF (P<0.05). In exploratory analyses, results were similar for subtypes of HF based on left ventricular ejection fraction, and associations appeared generally stronger among Black and Hispanic/Latino versus White adults, although there were no interactions for any metabolites with race. CONCLUSIONS: In this pooled analysis of 2 well-phenotyped, diverse, community-based cohorts, circulating concentrations of gut microbe-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, and crotonobetaine were independently associated with a higher risk of developing HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Food, nutrition, and autism: from soil to fork

Author

Maitin-Shepard, Melissa, O’Tierney-Ginn, Perrie, Kraneveld, Aletta D, Lyall, Kristen, Fallin, Daniele, Arora, Manish, Fasano, Alessio, Mueller, Noel T, Wang, Xiaobin, Caulfield, Laura E, Dickerson, Aisha S, Diaz Heijtz, Rochellys, Tarui, Tomo, Blumberg, Jeffrey B, Holingue, Calliope, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Garssen, Johan, Almendinger, Katherine, Lin, Pi-I Debby, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

Food and nutrition-related factors have the potential to impact development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and quality of life for people with ASD, but gaps in evidence exist. On 10 November 2022, Tufts University’s Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and Food and Nutrition Innovation Institute hosted a 1-d meeting to explore the evidence and evidence gaps regarding the relationships of food and nutrition with ASD. This meeting report summarizes the presentations and deliberations from the meeting. Topics addressed included prenatal and child dietary intake, the microbiome, obesity, food-related environmental exposures, mechanisms and biological processes linking these factors and ASD, food-related social factors, and data sources for future research. Presentations highlighted evidence for protective associations with prenatal folic acid supplementation and ASD development, increases in risk of ASD with maternal gestational obesity, and the potential for exposure to environmental contaminants in foods and food packaging to influence ASD development. The importance of the maternal and child microbiome in ASD development or ASD-related behaviors in the child was reviewed, as was the role of discrimination in leading to disparities in environmental exposures and psychosocial factors that may influence ASD. The role of child diet and high prevalence of food selectivity in children with ASD and its association with adverse outcomes were also discussed. Priority evidence gaps identified by participants include further clarifying ASD development, including biomarkers and key mechanisms; interactions among psychosocial, social, and biological determinants; interventions addressing diet, supplementation, and the microbiome to prevent and improve quality of life for people with ASD; and mechanisms of action of diet-related factors associated with ASD. Participants developed research proposals to address the priority evidence gaps. The workshop findings serve as a foundation for future prioritization of scientific research to address evidence gaps related to food, nutrition, and ASD.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide, Incident CKD, and Kidney Function Decline

Author

Wang, Meng, Tang, W.H. Wilson, Li, Xinmin S., de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C., Lee, Yujin, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Fretts, Amanda, Nemet, Ina, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Sitlani, Colleen M., Budoff, Matthew, DiDonato, Joseph A., Wang, Zeneng, Bansal, Nisha, Shlipak, Michael G., Psaty, Bruce M., Siscovick, David S., Sarnak, Mark J., Mozaffarian, Dariush, and Hazen, Stanley L.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies

Author

O’Keefe, James H., Tintle, Nathan L., Harris, William S., O’Keefe, Evan L., Sala-Vila, Aleix, Attia, John, Garg, G. Manohar, Hure, Alexis, Bork, Christian Sørensen, Schmidt, Erik Berg, Venø, Stine Krogh, Chien, Kuo-Liong, Chen, Yun-Yu (Amelia), Egert, Sarah, Feldreich, Tobias Rudholm, Ärnlöv, Johan, Lind, Lars, Forouhi, Nita G., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Pertiwi, Kamalita, Imamura, Fumiaki, de Mello Laaksonen, Vanessa, Uusitupa, W. Matti, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Laakso, Markku, Lankinen, Maria Anneli, Laurin, Danielle, Carmichael, Pierre-Hugues, Lindsay, Joan, Leander, Karin, Laguzzi, Federica, Swenson, Brenton R., Longstreth, William T., Manson, JoAnn E., Mora, Samia, Cook, Nancy R., Marklund, Matti, Melo van Lent, Debora, Murphy, Rachel, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Ninomiya, Toshihara, Hirakawa, Yoichiro, Qian, Frank, Sun, Qi, Hu, Frank, Ardisson Korat, Andres V., Risérus, Ulf, Lázaro, Iolanda, Samieri, Cecilia, Le Goff, Mélanie, Helmer, Catherine, Steur, Marinka, Voortman, Trudy, Ikram, M. Kamran, Tanaka, Toshiko, Das, Jayanta K., Ferrucci, Luigi, Bandinelli, Stefania, Tsai, Michael, Guan, Weihua, Garg, Parveen, Verschuren, W.M. Monique, Boer, Jolanda M.A., Biokstra, Anneke, Virtanen, Jyrki, Wagner, Michael, Westra, Jason, Albuisson, Luc, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Siscovick, David S., Lemaitre, Rozenn N., and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Impact of Produce Prescriptions on Diet, Food Security, and Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes: A Multisite Evaluation of 9 Produce Prescription Programs in the United States.

Author

Hager, Kurt, Mengxi Du, Zhongyu Li, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Chui, Kenneth, Peilin Shi, Brent Ling, Cash, Sean B., Folta, Sara C., and Fang Fang Zhang

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Produce prescriptions may improve cardiometabolic health by increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption and food insecurity yet impacts on clinical outcomes and health status have not been evaluated in large, multisite evaluations. METHODS: This multisite, pre- and post-evaluation used individual-level data from 22 produce prescription locations in 12 US states from 2014 to 2020. No programs were previously evaluated. The study included 3881 individuals (2064 adults aged 18+ years and 1817 children aged 2-17 years) with, or at risk for, poor cardiometabolic health recruited from clinics serving low-income neighborhoods. Programs provided financial incentives to purchase F&V at grocery stores or farmers markets (median, $63/months; duration, 4-10 months). Surveys assessed F&V intake, food security, and self-reported health; glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and BMI z-score were measured at clinics. Adjusted, multilevel mixed models accounted for clustering by program. RESULTS: After a median participation of 6.0 months, F&V intake increased by 0.85 (95% CI, 0.68-1.02) and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.06-0.45) cups per day among adults and children, respectively. The odds of being food insecure dropped by one-third (odds ratio, 0.63 [0.52-0.76]) and odds of improving 1 level in self-reported health status increased for adults (odds ratio, 1.62 [1.30-2.02]) and children (odds ratio, 2.37 [1.70-3.31]). Among adults with glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%, glycated hemoglobin declined by -0.29% age points (-0.42 to -0.16); among adults with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressures declined by -8.38 mm Hg (-10.13 to -6.62) and -4.94 mm Hg (-5.96 to -3.92); and among adults with overweight or obesity, BMI decreased by -0.36 kg/m² (-0.64 to -0.09). Child BMI z-score did not change -0.01 (-0.06 to 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, multisite evaluation, produce prescriptions were associated with significant improvements in F&V intake, food security, and health status for adults and children, and clinically relevant improvements in glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and BMI for adults with poor cardiometabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. n–6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident atrial fibrillation: an individual participant-level pooled analysis of 11 international prospective studies

Author

Garg, Parveen K., Guan, Weihua, Nomura, Sarah, Weir, Natalie L., Tintle, Nathan, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Hirakawa, Yoichiro, Qian, Frank, Sun, Qi, Rimm, Eric, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Jensen, Paul N., Heckbert, Susan R., Imamura, Fumiaki, Steur, Marinka, Leander, Karin, Laguzzi, Federica, Voortman, Trudy, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Harris, William S., Siscovick, David S., and Tsai, Michael Y.

Abstract

The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an over 2-fold increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. Long chain n–6 PUFAs have been suggested to have a variety of beneficial biologic effects that may reduce AF development; however, prior studies evaluating this relationship are limited.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

Author

O’Hearn, Meghan, Lara-Castor, Laura, Cudhea, Frederick, Miller, Victoria, Reedy, Julia, Shi, Peilin, Zhang, Jianyi, Wong, John B., Economos, Christina D., Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Dietary patterns and blood pressure in Southern Cone of Latin America.

Author

Defagó, María D., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Irazola, Vilma E., Gutierrez, Laura, Poggio, Rosana, Serón, Pamela, Mores, Nora, Calandrelli, Matias, Ponzo, Jacqueline, Rubinstein, Adolfo L., and Elorriaga, Natalia

Abstract

Background and Aims: in the Southern Cone of Latin America, previous studies have shown that blood hypertension is one of the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and diet plays a fundamental role. We analyzed the cross-sectional relationship between dietary patterns (DP) and blood pressure values in people involved in the CESCAS I Study.Methods and Results: the participants (n = 4626) were derived from randomly selected samples in 4 cities (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay). To define DP, a food-frequency questionnaire was applied and principal component analysis was performed. Blood pressure was determined according to standardized guidelines. A multivariate regression model was developed to determine the association between each DP and blood pressure values, according to the quartile (Q) of adherence to DP. Two predominant DP were detected, Prudent (PDP, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish, seafood and nuts) and Western (WDP, higher consumption of red and processed meats, dressings, sweets, snacks and refined grains). A significant inverse association was found between adherence to PDP and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-1.85 and -1.29 mmHg for Q4 vs Q1, respectively). Adherence to WDP was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (2.09 mmHg for Q4 vs Q1).Conclusion: the WDP detected in the studied population is positively associated with higher levels of blood pressure, while greater adherence to healthy DP has a positive impact on blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Food and Nutrition Systems Dashboards: A Systematic Review

Author

Zhou, Bingjie, Liang, Shiwei, Monahan, Kyle M, Singh, Gitanjali M, Simpson, Ryan B, Reedy, Julia, Zhang, Jianyi, DeVane, Annie, Cruz, Melissa S, Marshak, Anastasia, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Wang, Dantong, Semenova, Iaroslava, Montoliu, Ivan, Prozorovscaia, Daniela, and Naumova, Elena N

Abstract

The rapid expansion of food and nutrition information requires new ways of data sharing and dissemination. Interactive platforms integrating data portals and visualization dashboards have been effectively utilized to describe, monitor, and track information related to food and nutrition; however, a comprehensive evaluation of emerging interactive systems is lacking. We conducted a systematic review on publicly available dashboards using a set of 48 evaluation metrics for data integrity, completeness, granularity, visualization quality, and interactivity based on 4 major principles: evidence, efficiency, emphasis, and ethics. We evaluated 13 dashboards, summarized their characteristics, strengths, and limitations, and provided guidelines for developing nutrition dashboards. We applied mixed effects models to summarize evaluation results adjusted for interrater variability. The proposed metrics and evaluation principles help to improve data standardization and harmonization, dashboard performance and usability, broaden information and knowledge sharing among researchers, practitioners, and decision makers in the field of food and nutrition, and accelerate data literacy and communication.Statement of Significance: This review proposes 48 evaluation metrics for nutrition and food dashboards and evaluates publicly available nutrition data dashboards using quality metrics. This review also makes recommendations to improve sharing, exchanging, and analyzing nutrition and health data.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Food and Nutrition Systems Dashboards: A Systematic Review

Author

Zhou, Bingjie, Liang, Shiwei, Monahan, Kyle M, Singh, Gitanjali M, Simpson, Ryan B, Reedy, Julia, Zhang, Jianyi, DeVane, Annie, Cruz, Melissa S, Marshak, Anastasia, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Wang, Dantong, Semenova, Iaroslava, Montoliu, Ivan, Prozorovscaia, Daniela, and Naumova, Elena N

Abstract

The rapid expansion of food and nutrition information requires new ways of data sharing and dissemination. Interactive platforms integrating data portals and visualization dashboards have been effectively utilized to describe, monitor, and track information related to food and nutrition; however, a comprehensive evaluation of emerging interactive systems is lacking. We conducted a systematic review on publicly available dashboards using a set of 48 evaluation metrics for data integrity, completeness, granularity, visualization quality, and interactivity based on 4 major principles: evidence, efficiency, emphasis, and ethics. We evaluated 13 dashboards, summarized their characteristics, strengths, and limitations, and provided guidelines for developing nutrition dashboards. We applied mixed effects models to summarize evaluation results adjusted for interrater variability. The proposed metrics and evaluation principles help to improve data standardization and harmonization, dashboard performance and usability, broaden information and knowledge sharing among researchers, practitioners, and decision makers in the field of food and nutrition, and accelerate data literacy and communication.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. State Preemption of Consumer Merchandise and Beverage Containers: New Strategy to Preempt Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Policies?

Author

Pomeranz, Jennifer L. and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

State legislators passed laws preempting, or prohibiting, local governments from regulating beverage containers. Although the primary purpose of these laws may be to ban local environmental regulations addressing single-use plastics, it is unknown the extent they also preempt public health policies aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. In 2021, using LexisNexis, we assessed state legislation preempting local control over consumer merchandise and containers. We identified 8 laws (and 16 failed bills) with broad language preempting local regulation of the sale, use, or marketing of multiple container types, including beverage containers. Most legislative activity occurred during 2016-2021, with legislative intent to avoid a “patchwork” of local laws, avoid burdening retailers, and have a “refreshing drink.” Local policy control was characterized as “personal choice.” Broad preemption language may stifle local policy making aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and preempt public health policies such as restricting portion size, in-store promotion and display, and labeling measures.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Global, regional, and national consumption of animal-source foods between 1990 and 2018: findings from the Global Dietary Database

Author

Miller, Victoria, Reedy, Julia, Cudhea, Frederick, Zhang, Jianyi, Shi, Peilin, Erndt-Marino, Josh, Coates, Jennifer, Micha, Renata, Webb, Patrick, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Abbott, Pamela, Abdollahi, Morteza, Abedi, Parvin, Abumweis, Suhad, Adair, Linda, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Al-Hamad, Nawal, Al-Hooti, Suad, Al-Zenki, Sameer, Alam, Iftikhar, Ali, Jemal H, Alissa, Eman, Anderson, Simon, Anzid, Karim, Arambepola, Carukshi, Arici, Mustafa, Arsenault, Joanne, Asciak, Renzo, Barbieri, Helene E, Barengo, Noël, Barquera, Simon, Bas, Murat, Becker, Wulf, Beer-Borst, Sigrid, Bergman, Per, Biró, Lajos, Boindala, Sesikeran, Bovet, Pascal, Bradshaw, Debbie, Bukhary, Noriklil BI, Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta, Caballero, Mauricio, Calleja, Neville, Cao, Xia, Capanzana, Mario, Carmikle, Jan, Castetbon, Katia, Castro, Michelle, Cerdena, Corazon, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlton, Karen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Mei F, Chiplonkar, Shashi, Cho, Yoonsu, Chuah, Khun-Aik, Costanzo, Simona, Cowan, Melanie, Damasceno, Albertino, Dastgiri, Saeed, De Henauw, Stefaan, DeRidder, Karin, Ding, Eric, Dommarco, Rivera, Don, Rokiah, Duante, Charmaine, Duleva, Vesselka, Duran Aguero, Samuel, Ekbote, Veena, El Ati, Jalila, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, El-kour, Tatyana, Eldridge, Alison, Elmadfa, Ibrahim, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemad, Zohreh, Fadzil, Fariza, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandez, Anne, Fernando, Dulitha, Fisberg, Regina, Forsyth, Simon, Gamboa-Delgado, Edna, Garriguet, Didier, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gauci, Dorothy, Geleijnse, Marianne, Ginnela, Brahmam, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guessous, Idris, Gulliford, Martin, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Hadden, Wilbur, Hadziomeragic, Aida, Haerpfer, Christian, Hakeem, Rubina, Haque, Aminul, Hashemian, Maryam, Hemalatha, Rajkumar, Henjum, Sigrun, Hinkov, Hristo, Hjdaud, Zaiton, Hoffman, Daniel, Hopping, Beth, Houshiar-rad, Anahita, Hsieh, Yao-Te, Hung, Shu-Yi, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla C, Ibrahim, Hajah M, Ikeda, Nayu, Illescas-Zarate, Daniel, Inoue, Manami, Janakiram, Chandrashekar, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jeewon, Rajesh, Jitnarin, Nattinee, Johansson, Lars, Jonsdottir, Olof, Jundishapur, Ahvaz, Kally, Ola, Kandiah, Mirnalini, Karupaiah, Tilakavati, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelishadi, Roya, Khadilkar, Anuradha, Kim, Cho-il, Koksal, Eda, Konig, Jurgen, Korkalo, Liisa, Koster, Jeremy, Kovalskys, Irina, Krishnan, Anand, Kruger, Herculina, Kuriyan-Raj, Rebecca, Kweon, Sanghui, Lachat, Carl, Lai, Yuen, Lanerolle, Pulani, Laxmaiah, Avula, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Meei-Shyuan, Lee, Hae-Jeung, Lemming, Eva W, Li, Yanping, Lindström, Jaana, Ling, Annie, Liputo, Nur IL, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Luke, Amy, Lukito, Widjaja, Lupotto, Elisabette, Ma, Yi, Mahdy, Zaleha A, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manan, Wan, Marchioni, Dirce, Marques, Lydia L, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Mathee, Angie, Matsumura, Yasuhiro, Mazumdar, Paramita, Memon, Anjum, Mensink, Gert, Meyer, Alexa, Mirmiran, Parvin, Mirzaei, Masoud, Misra, Puneet, Misra, Anoop, Mitchell, Claudette, Mohamed, Hamid JBJ, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, Fatemeh, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Moy, Foong M, Musaiger, Abdulrahman, Mwaniki, Elizabeth, Myhre, Jannicke, Nagalla, Balakrishna, Naska, Androniki, Ng, Swee A, Ng, Shu W, Ngoan, Le TN, Noshad, Sina, Ochoa, Angelica, Ocke, Marga, Odenkirk, Jillian, Oh, Kyungwon, Oleas, Mariana, Olivares, Sonia, Orfanos, Philippos, Ortiz-Ulloa, Johana, Otero, Johanna, Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena, Pakseresht, Mohammadreza, Palacios, Cristina, Palmer, Pam, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Parajuli, Rajendra, Park, Myungsook, Pekcan, Gulden, Petrova, Stefka, Piaseu, Noppawan, Pitsavos, Christos, Polasa, Kalpagam, Posada, Luz, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Preston, Alan M, Rached, Ingrid, Rahbar, Ali R, Rehm, Colin, Richter, Almut, Riley, Leanne, Salanave, Benoit, Sánchez-Romero, Luz M, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sawada, Norie, Sekiyama, Makiko, Selamat, Rusidah, Shamsuddin, Khadijah, Shariff, Zalilah M, Sharma, Sangita, Sibai, Abla M, Sinkko, Harri, Sioen, Isabelle, Sisa, Ivan, Skeaff, Sheila, Steingrimsdottir, Laufey, Strand, Tor, Suarez-Ortegon, Milton F, Swaminathan, Sumathi, Swan, Gillian, Sygnowska, Elzbieta, Szabo, Maria, Szponar, Lucjan, Tan-Khouw, Ilse, Tapanainen, Heli, Tayyem, Reema, Tedla, Bemnet, Tedstone, Alison, Templeton, Robert, Termote, Celine, Thanopoulou, Anastasia, Thorgeirsdottir, Holmfridur, Thorsdottir, Inga, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Turrini, Aida, van Oosterhout, Coline, Vartiainen, Erkki, Veerman, J Lennert, Virtanen, Suvi, Vollenweider, Peter, Vossenaar, Marieke, Waidyatilaka, Indu, Waskiewicz, Anna, Waterham, Eveline, Wieler, Lothar, Wondwossen, Tizita, Wu, Suh, Yaakub, Roseyati, Yap, Mabel, Yusof, Safiah, Zaghloul, Sahar, Zajkás, Gábor, Zapata, Maria, Zarina, Khairul, and Zohoori, Fatemeh V

Abstract

Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for human health and overall consumption patterns affect planetary health. We aimed to quantify global, regional, and national consumption levels of animal-source foods (ASF) to inform intervention, surveillance, and policy priorities.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Healthy Food Prescription Programs and their Impact on Dietary Behavior and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Bhat, Saiuj, Coyle, Daisy H, Trieu, Kathy, Neal, Bruce, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Marklund, Matti, and Wu, Jason H Y

Abstract

The enormous burden of diet-related chronic diseases has prompted interest in healthy food prescription programs. Yet, the impact of such programs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of healthy food prescription programs and evaluate their impact on dietary behavior and cardiometabolic parameters by meta-analysis. A systematic search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases since their inception to 3 January, 2020 without language restriction. A systematic search of interventional studies investigating the effect of healthy food prescription on diet quality and/or cardiometabolic risk factors including BMI, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or blood lipids was carried out. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion, most of which were quasi-experimental (pre/post) interventions without a control group (n= 9). Pooled estimates revealed a 22% (95% CI: 12, 32; n= 5 studies, n= 1039 participants; I2= 97%) increase in fruit and vegetable consumption, corresponding to 0.8 higher daily servings (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; I2= 96%). BMI decreased by 0.6 kg/m2(95% CI: 0.2, 1.1; I2= 6.4%) and HbA1c by 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1, 1.6; I2= 92%). No significant change was observed in other cardiometabolic parameters. These findings should be interpreted with caution in light of considerable heterogeneity, methodological limitations of the included studies, and moderate to very low certainty of evidence. Our results support the need for well-designed, large, randomized controlled trials in various settings to further establish the efficacy of healthy food prescription programs on diet quality and cardiometabolic health.Statement of Significance: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of healthy food prescription programs on dietary behavior and cardiometabolic parameters.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Healthy Food Prescription Programs and their Impact on Dietary Behavior and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Bhat, Saiuj, Coyle, Daisy H, Trieu, Kathy, Neal, Bruce, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Marklund, Matti, and Wu, Jason H Y

Abstract

The enormous burden of diet-related chronic diseases has prompted interest in healthy food prescription programs. Yet, the impact of such programs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of healthy food prescription programs and evaluate their impact on dietary behavior and cardiometabolic parameters by meta-analysis. A systematic search was carried out in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases since their inception to 3 January, 2020 without language restriction. A systematic search of interventional studies investigating the effect of healthy food prescription on diet quality and/or cardiometabolic risk factors including BMI, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or blood lipids was carried out. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion, most of which were quasi-experimental (pre/post) interventions without a control group (n = 9). Pooled estimates revealed a 22% (95% CI: 12, 32; n = 5 studies, n = 1039 participants; I2 = 97%) increase in fruit and vegetable consumption, corresponding to 0.8 higher daily servings (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; I2 = 96%). BMI decreased by 0.6 kg/m2(95% CI: 0.2, 1.1; I2 = 6.4%) and HbA1c by 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1, 1.6; I2 = 92%). No significant change was observed in other cardiometabolic parameters. These findings should be interpreted with caution in light of considerable heterogeneity, methodological limitations of the included studies, and moderate to very low certainty of evidence. Our results support the need for well-designed, large, randomized controlled trials in various settings to further establish the efficacy of healthy food prescription programs on diet quality and cardiometabolic health.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Association Between Achieved ω-3 Fatty Acid Levels and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the STRENGTH Trial

Author

Nissen, Steven E., Lincoff, A. Michael, Wolski, Kathy, Ballantyne, Christie M., Kastelein, John J. P., Ridker, Paul M., Ray, Kausik K., McGuire, Darren K., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Koenig, Wolfgang, Davidson, Michael H., Garcia, Michelle, Katona, Brian G., Himmelmann, Anders, Loss, Larrye E., Poole, Matthew, Menon, Venu, and Nicholls, Stephen J.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: In patients treated with ω-3 fatty acids, it remains uncertain whether achieved levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between plasma levels of EPA and DHA and cardiovascular outcomes in a trial of ω-3 fatty acids compared with corn oil placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A double-blind, multicenter trial enrolled patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated triglyceride levels and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 675 centers (enrollment from October 30, 2014, to June 14, 2017; study termination January 8, 2020; last visit May 14, 2020). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive 4 g daily of ω-3 carboxylic acid (CA) or an inert comparator, corn oil. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary prespecified end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. The primary outcome measure was the hazard ratio, adjusted for baseline characteristics, for patients treated with the ω-3 CA compared with corn oil for the top tertile of achieved EPA and DHA plasma levels 12 months after randomization. RESULTS: Of the 13 078 total participants, 6539 (50%) were randomized to receive ω-3 CA and 6539 (50%) randomized to corn oil. ω-3 Fatty acid levels were available at both baseline and 12 months after randomization in 10 382 participants (5175 ω-3 CA patients [49.8%] and 5207 corn oil–treated patients [50.2%]; mean [SD] age, 62.5 [8.9] years, 3588 [34.6%] were women, 9025 [86.9%] were White, and 7285 [70.2%] had type 2 diabetes). The median plasma levels at 12 months in ω-3 CA patients were 89 μg/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 46-131 μg/mL) for EPA and 91 μg/mL (IQR, 71-114 μg/mL) for DHA with top tertile levels of 151 μg/mL (IQR, 132-181 μg/mL) and 118 μg/mL (IQR, 102-143 μg/mL), respectively. Compared with corn oil, the adjusted hazard ratios for the highest tertile of achieved plasma levels were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.83-1.16; P = .81) for EPA, and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.86-1.20; P = .85 for DHA. Sensitivity analyses based on changes in plasma and red blood cell levels of EPA and DHA and primary and secondary prevention subgroups showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients treated with ω-3 CA, the highest achieved tertiles of EPA and DHA were associated with neither benefit nor harm in patients at high cardiovascular risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02104817

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Defining diet quality: a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for the double burden of malnutrition

Author

Miller, Victoria, Webb, Patrick, Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

Achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a strong focus on addressing the double burden of malnutrition, which includes both diet-related maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although, the most optimal dietary metric for assessing malnutrition remains unclear. Our aim was to review available global dietary quality metrics (hereafter referred to as dietary metrics) and evidence for their validity to assess MCH and NCD outcomes, both separately and together. A systematic search of PubMed was done to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating validity of diet metrics in relation to nutrient adequacy or health outcomes. We identified seven dietary metrics aiming to address MCH and 12 for NCDs, no dietary metrics addressed both together. Four NCD dietary metrics (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) had convincing evidence of protective associations with specific NCD outcomes, mainly mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and total cancer. The remaining NCD dietary metrics and all MCH dietary metrics were not convincingly validated against MCH or NCD health outcomes. None of the dietary metrics had been validated against both MCH and NCD outcomes. These findings highlight major gaps in assessing and addressing diet to achieve global targets and effective policy action.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Mortality attributable to sugar sweetened beverages consumption in Mexico: an update

Author

Braverman-Bronstein, Ariela, Camacho-García-Formentí, Dalia, Zepeda-Tello, Rodrigo, Cudhea, Frederick, Singh, Gitanjali M., Mozaffarian, Dariush, and Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh

Abstract

Background: In 2010, sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) were estimated to cause 12% of all diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity-related cancer deaths in Mexico. Using new risk estimates for SSBs consumption, we aimed to update the fraction of Mexican mortality attributable to SSBs, and provide subnational estimates by region, age, and sex. Methods: We used an established comparative risk assessment framework. All-cause mortality estimates were calculated from a recent pooled cohort analysis. Age- and sex-specific relative risks for SSBs-disease relationships were obtained from updated meta-analyses. Demographics and nationally representative estimates of SSBs intake were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012; and mortality rates, from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Attributable mortality was calculated by estimating the population attributable fraction of each disease, with uncertainty in data inputs propagated through Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: In Mexican adults 20 years and older, 6.9% (95%UI: 5.4–8.5) of all cause-mortality was attributable to SSBs, representing 40,842 excess deaths/year (95%UI: 31,950–50,138). Furthermore, 19% of diabetes, CVD and obesity-related cancer mortality was attributable to SSBs (95%UI: 11.0–26.5), representing 37,000 excess deaths/year (95%UI 21,240–51,045). Of these, 35.6% were diabetes-related (95%UI 16.4–52.0). Proportional burden was highest in the South (22.8%), followed by the Center (18.0%) and North (17.4%). Men aged 45–64-years in the Center region had highest proportional mortality (37.2%), followed by 20–44-year-old men living in the South (35.7%) and both men and women aged 20–44 living in the Center (34.4%). Conclusions: Utilizing current evidence linking SSBs to cardiometabolic disease and obesity-related cancers, earlier estimates of Mexican mortality attributable to SSBs could have been underestimated. Mexico urgently needs stronger policies to reduce SSBs consumption and reduce these burdens.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. The American Heart Association 2030 Impact Goal: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Author

Angell, Sonia Y., McConnell, Michael V., Anderson, Cheryl A.M., Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Boyle, Douglas S., Capewell, Simon, Ezzati, Majid, de Ferranti, Sarah, Gaskin, Darrell J., Goetzel, Ron Z., Huffman, Mark D., Jones, Marsha, Khan, Yosef M., Kim, Sonia, Kumanyika, Shiriki K., McCray, Alexa T., Merritt, Robert K., Milstein, Bobby, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Norris, Tyler, Roth, Gregory A., Sacco, Ralph L., Saucedo, Jorge F., Shay, Christina M., Siedzik, David, Saha, Somava, and Warner, John J.

Abstract

Each decade, the American Heart Association (AHA) develops an Impact Goal to guide its overall strategic direction and investments in its research, quality improvement, advocacy, and public health programs. Guided by the AHA’s new Mission Statement, to be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives, the 2030 Impact Goal is anchored in an understanding that to achieve cardiovascular health for all, the AHA must include a broader vision of health and well-being and emphasize health equity. In the next decade, by 2030, the AHA will strive to equitably increase healthy life expectancy beyond current projections, with global and local collaborators, from 66 years of age to at least 68 years of age across the United States and from 64 years of age to at least 67 years of age worldwide. The AHA commits to developing additional targets for equity and well-being to accompany this overarching Impact Goal. To attain the 2030 Impact Goal, we recommend a thoughtful evaluation of interventions available to the public, patients, providers, healthcare delivery systems, communities, policy makers, and legislators. This presidential advisory summarizes the task force’s main considerations in determining the 2030 Impact Goal and the metrics to monitor progress. It describes the aspiration that these goals will be achieved by working with a diverse community of volunteers, patients, scientists, healthcare professionals, and partner organizations needed to ensure success.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Food is Medicine National Summit: Transforming Health Care

Author

Ridberg, Ronit A, Maitin-Shepard, Melissa, Garfield, Katie, Seligman, Hilary K, Schwartz, Pamela M, Terranova, Jean, Yaroch, Amy L, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

Food is Medicine (FIM) interventions reflect the critical links between food security, nutrition security, health, and health equity, integrated into health care delivery. They comprise programs that provide nutritionally tailored food, free of charge or at a discount, to support disease management, disease prevention, or optimal health, linked to the health care system as part of a patient’s treatment plan. Such programs often prioritize health equity. On 26–27 April, 2023, Tufts University’s Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and Food & Nutrition Innovation Institute held a 2-day National Food is Medicine Summit with leaders, practitioners, and individuals with diverse lived experiences in health care, research, government, advocacy, philanthropy, and the private sector to identify challenges and opportunities to sustainably incorporate FIM services into the health care system and at scale. This report of a meeting describes key themes of the Summit, based on presentations and discussions on momentum around FIM, incorporating FIM in health care, tradeoffs and unintended consequences of various FIM models, scaling of programs, financing and payment mechanisms, educating and engaging the health care workforce, and federal and state government actions and opportunities on FIM. Speakers highlighted examples of recent public and private sector actions on FIM and innovative cross-sector partnerships, including state Medicaid waivers, academic and philanthropic research initiatives, health care system screenings and interventions, and collaborations including community-based organizations and/or entities outside of the food and health care sectors. Challenges and opportunities to broader implementation and scaling of FIM programs identified include incorporating FIM into health care business models, educating the health care workforce, and sustainably scaling FIM programs while leveraging the local connections of community-based organizations. This meeting report highlights recent advances, best practices, challenges, and opportunities discussed at the National Summit to inform future actions on FIM.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Intake of sugar sweetened beverages among children and adolescents in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018: population based study

Author

Lara-Castor, Laura, Micha, Renata, Cudhea, Frederick, Miller, Victoria, Shi, Peilin, Zhang, Jianyi, Sharib, Julia R, Erndt-Marino, Josh, Cash, Sean B, Barquera, Simon, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

ObjectiveTo quantify global intakes of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and trends over time among children and adolescents.DesignPopulation based study.SettingGlobal Dietary Database.PopulationChildren and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries between 1990 and 2018, jointly stratified at subnational level by age, sex, parental education, and rural or urban residence.ResultsIn 2018, mean global SSB intake was 3.6 (standardized serving=248 g (8 oz)) servings/week (1.3 (95% uncertainly interval 1.0 to 1.9) in south Asia to 9.1 (8.3 to 10.1) in Latin America and the Caribbean). SSB intakes were higher in older versus younger children and adolescents, those resident in urban versus rural areas, and those of parents with higher versus lower education. Between 1990 and 2018, mean global SSB intakes increased by 0.68 servings/week (22.9%), with the largest increases in sub-Saharan Africa (2.17 servings/week; 106%). Of 185 countries included in the analysis, 56 (30.3%) had a mean SSB intake of ≥7 servings/week, representing 238 million children and adolescents, or 10.4% of the global population of young people.ConclusionThis study found that intakes of SSBs among children and adolescents aged 3-19 years in 185 countries increased by 23% from 1990 to 2018, parallel to the rise in prevalence of obesity among this population globally. SSB intakes showed large heterogeneity among children and adolescents worldwide and by age, parental level of education, and urbanicity. This research should help to inform policies to reduce SSB intake among young people, particularly those with larger intakes across all education levels in urban and rural areas in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the growing problem of SSBs for public health in sub-Saharan Africa.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Global Dietary Surveillance: Data Gaps and Challenges.

Author

Micha, Renata, Coates, Jennifer, Leclercq, Catherine, Charrondiere, Ruth, Mozaffarian, Dariush, and Charrondiere, U Ruth

Abstract

Background: Detailed information on global individual-level consumption patterns is imperative for informed policy making. However, such data are dispersed and incomplete.Objective: To review and discuss the methodologies, observed data availability, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to global dietary surveillance.Methods: This investigation provides an extensive review of global dietary assessment methodologies and challenges, including at the survey level, the dietary collection and assessment level, and the dietary data processing and analysis level. The focus is on nationally representative individual-level data, and additional types of dietary data, such as dietary biomarkers, household assessment, and food availability, are reviewed as alternatives. Practical guidance is provided to inform key decisions when designing dietary surveys and collecting, analyzing, and using dietary data. This article further identifies and describes existing global and regional dietary initiatives/data sets.Results: Harmonized and standardized primary individual-level dietary data collection, processing, and analysis worldwide are currently not available. Evaluation and decision-making should be based on best available data, that is, secondary nonharmonized yet to the extent possible, standardized individual-level dietary data. Existing initiatives differ substantially in methodologies, including survey design/representativeness, coverage, diet assessment, and dietary metric standardization and processing. Data gaps have been identified that were more profound for certain countries, certain dietary indicators across countries, population subgroups, representativeness, or time periods.Conclusions: Optimizing worldwide dietary habits to improve population health requires systematically identified and evaluated data on a continuing basis. Leveraging existing available dietary data and efforts is an indispensable prerequisite for informed priority setting targeting the intersections between diet and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Dietary fats and cardiometabolic disease: mechanisms and effects on risk factors and outcomes

Author

Wu, Jason H. Y., Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

The effect of dietary fats on cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, has generated tremendous interest. Many earlier investigations focused on total fat and conventional fat classes (such as saturated and unsaturated fats) and their influence on a limited number of risk factors. However, dietary fats comprise heterogeneous molecules with diverse structures, and growing research in the past two decades supports correspondingly complex health effects of individual dietary fats. Moreover, health effects of dietary fats might be modified by additional factors, such as accompanying nutrients and food-processing methods, emphasizing the importance of the food sources. Accordingly, the rapidly increasing scientific findings on dietary fats and cardiometabolic diseases have generated debate among scientists, caused confusion for the general public and present challenges for translation into dietary advice and policies. This Review summarizes the evidence on the effects of different dietary fats and their food sources on cell function and on risk factors and clinical events of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review but rather to focus on the most important evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies and to highlight current areas of controversy and the most relevant future research directions for understanding how to improve the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases through optimization of dietary fat intake.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Dairy Foods, Obesity, and Metabolic Health: The Role of the Food Matrix Compared with Single Nutrients

Author

Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

In the 20th century, scientific and geopolitical events led to the concept of food as a delivery system for calories and specific isolated nutrients. As a result, conventional dietary guidelines have focused on individual nutrients to maintain health and prevent disease. For dairy foods, this has led to general dietary recommendations to consume 2–3 daily servings of reduced-fat dairy foods, without regard to type (e.g., yogurt, cheese, milk), largely based on theorized benefits of isolated nutrients for bone health (e.g., calcium, vitamin D) and theorized harms of isolated nutrients for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and obesity (e.g., total fat, saturated fat, total calories). However, advances in nutrition science have demonstrated that foods represent complex matrices of nutrients, minerals, bioactives, food structures, and other factors (e.g., phoshopholipids, prebiotics, probiotics) with correspondingly complex effects on health and disease. The present evidence suggests that whole-fat dairy foods do not cause weight gain, that overall dairy consumption increases lean body mass and reduces body fat, that yogurt consumption and probiotics reduce weight gain, that fermented dairy consumption including cheese is linked to lower CVD risk, and that yogurt, cheese, and even dairy fat may protect against type 2 diabetes. Based on the current science, dairy consumption is part of a healthy diet, without strong evidence to favor reduced-fat products; while intakes of probiotic-containing unsweetened and fermented dairy products such as yogurt and cheese appear especially beneficial.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality

Author

Marklund, Matti, Wu, Jason H.Y., Imamura, Fumiaki, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Fretts, Amanda, de Goede, Janette, Shi, Peilin, Tintle, Nathan, Wennberg, Maria, Aslibekyan, Stella, Chen, Tzu-An, de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C., Hirakawa, Yoichiro, Eriksen, Helle Højmark, Kröger, Janine, Laguzzi, Federica, Lankinen, Maria, Murphy, Rachel A., Prem, Kiesha, Samieri, Cécilia, Virtanen, Jyrki, Wood, Alexis C., Wong, Kerry, Yang, Wei-Sin, Zhou, Xia, Baylin, Ana, Boer, Jolanda M.A., Brouwer, Ingeborg A., Campos, Hannia, Chaves, Paulo H. M., Chien, Kuo-Liong, de Faire, Ulf, Djoussé, Luc, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, El-Abbadi, Naglaa, Forouhi, Nita G., Michael Gaziano, J., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gigante, Bruna, Giles, Graham, Guallar, Eliseo, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Harris, Tamara, Harris, William S., Helmer, Catherine, Hellenius, Mai-Lis, Hodge, Allison, Hu, Frank B., Jacques, Paul F., Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Kalsbeek, Anya, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Koh, Woon-Puay, Laakso, Markku, Leander, Karin, Lin, Hung-Ju, Lind, Lars, Luben, Robert, Luo, Juhua, McKnight, Barbara, Mursu, Jaakko, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Overvad, Kim, Psaty, Bruce M., Rimm, Eric, Schulze, Matthias B., Siscovick, David, Skjelbo Nielsen, Michael, Smith, Albert V., Steffen, Brian T., Steffen, Lyn, Sun, Qi, Sundström, Johan, Tsai, Michael Y., Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Uusitupa, Matti I. J., van Dam, Rob M., Veenstra, Jenna, Monique Verschuren, W.M., Wareham, Nick, Willett, Walter, Woodward, Mark, Yuan, Jian-Min, Micha, Renata, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Mozaffarian, Dariush, and Risérus, Ulf

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Afshin, Ashkan, Sur, Patrick John, Fay, Kairsten A., Cornaby, Leslie, Ferrara, Giannina, Salama, Joseph S, Mullany, Erin C, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abebe, Zegeye, Afarideh, Mohsen, Aggarwal, Anju, Agrawal, Sutapa, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Alahdab, Fares, Bacha, Umar, Bachman, Victoria F, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bernabe, Eduardo, Biadgilign, Sibhatu Kassa K, Biryukov, Stan H, Cahill, Leah E, Carrero, Juan J, Cercy, Kelly M., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Degefa, Meaza Girma, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fanzo, Jessica, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Joao C, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Ganji, Morsaleh, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gillum, Richard F, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guessous, Idris, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Horino, Masako, Ikeda, Nayu, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D., James, Spencer L., Johansson, Lars, Jonas, Jost B., Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khang, Young-Ho, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kumar, G Anil, Lallukka, Tea, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Malekzadeh, Reza, März, Winfried, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B.M., Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mokdad, Ali H, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nixon, Molly R, Ong, Kanyin L, Pereira, David M., Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Razo-García, Christian, Rehm, Colin D, Rivera, Juan A, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Sartorius, Benn, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shin, Min-Jeong, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Springmann, Marco, Szponar, Lucjan, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaezghasemi, Masoud, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vu, Giang Thu, Vu, Linh Gia, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Wijeratne, Tissa, Willett, Walter C, Wu, Jason H, Xu, Gelin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic

Author

Jaacks, Lindsay M, Vandevijvere, Stefanie, Pan, An, McGowan, Craig J, Wallace, Chelsea, Imamura, Fumiaki, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Swinburn, Boyd, and Ezzati, Majid

Abstract

The global prevalence of obesity has increased substantially over the past 40 years, from less than 1% in 1975, to 6–8% in 2016, among girls and boys, and from 3% to 11% among men and from 6% to 15% among women over the same time period. Our aim was to consolidate the evidence on the epidemiology of obesity into a conceptual model of the so-called obesity transition. We used illustrative examples from the 30 most populous countries, representing 77·5% of the world's population to propose a four stage model. Stage 1 of the obesity transition is characterised by a higher prevalence of obesity in women than in men, in those with higher socioeconomic status than in those with lower socioeconomic status, and in adults than in children. Many countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are presently in this stage. In countries in stage 2 of the transition, there has been a large increase in the prevalence among adults, a smaller increase among children, and a narrowing of the gap between sexes and in socioeconomic differences among women. Many Latin American and Middle Eastern countries are presently at this stage. High-income east Asian countries are also at this stage, albeit with a much lower prevalence of obesity. In stage 3 of the transition, the prevalence of obesity among those with lower socioeconomic status surpasses that of those with higher socioeconomic status, and plateaus in prevalence can be observed in women with high socioeconomic status and in children. Most European countries are presently at this stage. There are too few signs of countries entering into the proposed fourth stage of the transition, during which obesity prevalence declines, to establish demographic patterns. This conceptual model is intended to provide guidance to researchers and policy makers in identifying the current stage of the obesity transition in a population, anticipating subpopulations that will develop obesity in the future, and enacting proactive measures to attenuate the transition, taking into consideration local contextual factors.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Mortality Benefits of Vitamin A Are Not Affected by Varying Frequency, Total Dose, or Duration of Supplementation.

Author

Kranz, Sarah, Pimpin, Laura, Fawzi, Wafaie, Duggan, Christopher, Webb, Patrick, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

Background: Although vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality, it remains unclear whether dosing frequency, total dose, or duration modifies effectiveness.Objective: Determine whether mortality effects of vitamin A vary by dosing frequency, total dose, or duration.Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, identified by systematic review and expert opinion, utilizing relatively standard World Health Organization doses in children <5 years. Meta-regression evaluated whether mortality effects varied by dosing frequency, total dose, or supplementation duration.Results: Identified 17 trials, including 1,180,718 children, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 31.5 (15.4) months at baseline. Supplementation frequency ranged every 3 months-every 2 years, supplementation duration 4-60 months (mean = 15.4; SD = 12.8), and total dose 134,361-2,200,000 IU (mean = 667,132 IU; SD = 540,795). Compared with control, vitamin A reduced mortality 22% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10-32; P = 0.002). This protective effect was not modified by increasing supplementation frequency (dose/year: relative risk [RR] = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.98-1.06; P = .22), total dose (per 200,000 IU: RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97-1.06; P = .31), nor supplementation duration (per year: RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.97-1.15; P = 0.14). Multivariate meta-regression showed similar results. Sensitivity analyses excluding 1 controversial trial (Aswathi 2013) did not alter findings.Conclusion: Results confirm benefits of vitamin A supplementation in children <5 years in nations with vitamin A deficiency, without influence of frequency, total dose, or dosing duration within ranges evaluated. These findings inform design and efficiency of vitamin A supplementation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Burdens of Cardiometabolic Diseases Attributable to Dietary and Metabolic Risks in Korean Adults 2012-2013.

Author

Yoonsu Cho, Cudhea, Frederick, Ju-Hyun Park, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Singh, Gitanjali, and Min-Jeong Shin

Abstract

Purpose: In line with epidemiological and sociocultural changes in Korea over the past decades, reliable estimation of diseases as a result of dietary and metabolic risks is required. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contributions of dietary and metabolic factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in Korean adults (25-64 years old) during 2012-2013. Materials and Methods: Distribution of risk factors and cause-specific mortality by gender and age per year was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Statistics Korea, respectively. The association between the two was obtained from published meta-analyses. The population-attributable fraction attributable to the risk factors was calculated across gender and age strata (male and female, age groups 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64) in 2012 and 2013. Results: The results showed that during the period studied, high body mass index [5628 deaths; uncertainty intervals (UIs): 5473-5781] and blood pressure (4202 deaths; UIs: 3992-4410) were major metabolic risks for CMD deaths, followed by dietary risks such as low intake of whole grain (4107 deaths; UIs: 3275-4870) and fruits (3886 deaths; UIs: 3227-4508), as well as high intake of sodium (2911 deaths, UIs: 2406-3425). Also, males and the younger population were seen more prone to be exposed to harmful dietary risk than their female and older counterparts. Conclusion: The findings provide the necessary information to develop targeted government interventions to improve cardiometabolic health at the population level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study

Author

Dehghan, Mahshid, Mente, Andrew, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Sheridan, Patrick, Mohan, Viswanathan, Iqbal, Romaina, Gupta, Rajeev, Lear, Scott, Wentzel-Viljoen, Edelweiss, Avezum, Alvaro, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Mony, Prem, Varma, Ravi Prasad, Kumar, Rajesh, Chifamba, Jephat, Alhabib, Khalid F, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Oguz, Aytekin, Lanas, Fernando, Rozanska, Dorota, Bostrom, Kristina Bengtsson, Yusoff, Khalid, Tsolkile, Lungiswa P, Dans, Antonio, Yusufali, AfzalHussein, Orlandini, Andres, Poirier, Paul, Khatib, Rasha, Hu, Bo, Wei, Li, Yin, Lu, Deeraili, Ai, Yeates, Karen, Yusuf, Rita, Ismail, Noorhassim, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Teo, Koon, Anand, Sonia S, and Yusuf, Salim

Abstract

Dietary guidelines recommend minimising consumption of whole-fat dairy products, as they are a source of saturated fats and presumed to adversely affect blood lipids and increase cardiovascular disease and mortality. Evidence for this contention is sparse and few data for the effects of dairy consumption on health are available from low-income and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between total dairy and specific types of dairy products with mortality and major cardiovascular disease.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bergeron, Gilles, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Blacker, Brigette F, Bleyer, Archie, Borschmann, Rohan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Burnett, Richard T, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chee, Miao Li, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chew, Adrienne, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Owen R, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa, Megan, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Cundiff, David K, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darby, Sarah C, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deveber, Gabrielle Aline, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L, Diro, Helen Derara, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebert, Natalie, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elyazar, Iqbal Rf, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia E sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fay, Kairsten A, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Finger, Jonas David, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Gall, Seana, Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gardner, William M, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Giampaoli, Simona, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grams, Morgan E, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S, Haagsma, Juanita A, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin N, Hay, Simon I, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn T, Higazi, Tarig B, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, John J, Hussen, Mamusha Aman, Huynh, Chantal K, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Jackson, Maria D, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahangiry, Leila, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, Joshi, Ankur, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kant, Surya, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karami, Manoochehr, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karema, Corine, Karimi, Narges, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn H, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazemi, Zhila, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaei, Behzad, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolola, Tufa, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lachat, Carl, Lad, Deepesh P, Lad, Sheetal D, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leili, Mostafa, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Li, Yichong, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Tim C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Machado, Ísis Eloah, Madotto, Fabiana, Mai, Hue Thi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana-Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V, Martins, Sheila C O, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, März, Winfried, Marzan, Melvin B, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Prashant, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Melaku, Yohannes A, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Millear, Anoushka I, Miller, Ted R, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, Mini, G K, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitiku, Habtamu, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Moschos, Marilita M, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mruts, Kalayu Brhane, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Muller, Kate, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Neal, Bruce, Neamati, Nahid, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Quynh, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Ha Thu, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nichols, Emma, Nie, Jing, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nishi, Nobuo, Nixon, Molly R, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F, Noroozi, Mehdi, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nouri, Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Obermeyer, Carla M, Odell, Christopher M, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin L, Ong, Sok King, Oren, Eyal, Orpana, Heather M, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine R, Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pischon, Tobias, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Postma, Maarten J, Poulton, Richie, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Caroline A, Purwar, Manorama B, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Zohreh, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, K Srinath, Rehm, Colin D, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rivera, Juan A, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Román, Yesenia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Saleem, Zikria, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Devashri Digvijay, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Sanders, Taren, Sang, Yingying, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serre, Marc L, Serván-Mori, Edson, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaddick, Gavin, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Shupler, Matthew S, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spinelli, Angela, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stevanovic, Goran, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Sturua, Lela, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Hannah J, Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Nihal, Thurston, George D, Tilahun, Binyam, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tymeson, Hayley D, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew, West, J Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Shouling, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Kai, Zhou, Maigeng, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J L

Abstract

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Dietary Diversity: Implications for Obesity Prevention in Adult Populations: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association

Author

de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C., Anderson, Cheryl A.M., Dearborn, Jennifer L., Ferranti, Erin P., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Rao, Goutham, Wylie-Rosett, Judith, and Lichtenstein, Alice H.

Abstract

“Eat a variety of foods,” or dietary diversity, is a widely accepted recommendation to promote a healthy, nutritionally adequate diet and to reduce the risk of major chronic diseases. However, recent evidence from observational studies suggests that greater dietary diversity is associated with suboptimal eating patterns, that is, higher intakes of processed foods, refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages and lower intakes of minimally processed foods, such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, and may be associated with weight gain and obesity in adult populations. This American Heart Association science advisory summarizes definitions for dietary diversity and reviews current evidence on its relationship with obesity outcomes, eating behavior, and food-based diet quality measures. Current data do not support greater dietary diversity as an effective strategy to promote healthy eating patterns and healthy body weight. Given the current state of the science on dietary diversity and the insufficient data to inform recommendations on specific aspects of dietary diversity that may be beneficial or detrimental to healthy weight, it is appropriate to promote a healthy eating pattern that emphasizes adequate intake of plant foods, protein sources, low-fat dairy products, vegetable oils, and nuts and limits consumption of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and red meats.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Seafood Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association

Author

Rimm, Eric B., Appel, Lawrence J., Chiuve, Stephanie E., Djoussé, Luc, Engler, Mary B., Kris-Etherton, Penny M., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Siscovick, David S., and Lichtenstein, Alice H.

Abstract

Since the 2002 American Heart Association scientific statement “Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease,” evidence from observational and experimental studies and from randomized controlled trials continues to emerge to further substantiate the beneficial effects of seafood long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. A recent American Heart Association science advisory addressed the specific effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on clinical cardiovascular events. This American Heart Association science advisory extends that review and offers further support to include n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood consumption. Several potential mechanisms have been investigated, including antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, hematologic, and endothelial, although for most, longer-term dietary trials of seafood are warranted to substantiate the benefit of seafood as a replacement for other important sources of macronutrients. The present science advisory reviews this evidence and makes a suggestion in the context of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americansand in consideration of other constituents of seafood and the impact on sustainability. We conclude that 1 to 2 seafood meals per week be included to reduce the risk of congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and sudden cardiac death, especially when seafood replaces the intake of less healthy foods.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Global Dietary Surveillance: Data Gaps and Challenges

Author

Micha, Renata, Coates, Jennifer, Leclercq, Catherine, Charrondiere, U. Ruth, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

Background: Detailed information on global individual-level consumption patterns is imperative for informed policy making. However, such data are dispersed and incomplete.Objective: To review and discuss the methodologies, observed data availability, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to global dietary surveillance.Methods: This investigation provides an extensive review of global dietary assessment methodologies and challenges, including at the survey level, the dietary collection and assessment level, and the dietary data processing and analysis level. The focus is on nationally representative individual-level data, and additional types of dietary data, such as dietary biomarkers, household assessment, and food availability, are reviewed as alternatives. Practical guidance is provided to inform key decisions when designing dietary surveys and collecting, analyzing, and using dietary data. This article further identifies and describes existing global and regional dietary initiatives/data sets.Results: Harmonized and standardized primary individual-level dietary data collection, processing, and analysis worldwide are currently not available. Evaluation and decision-making should be based on best available data, that is, secondary nonharmonized yet to the extent possible, standardized individual-level dietary data. Existing initiatives differ substantially in methodologies, including survey design/representativeness, coverage, diet assessment, and dietary metric standardization and processing. Data gaps have been identified that were more profound for certain countries, certain dietary indicators across countries, population subgroups, representativeness, or time periods.Conclusions: Optimizing worldwide dietary habits to improve population health requires systematically identified and evaluated data on a continuing basis. Leveraging existing available dietary data and efforts is an indispensable prerequisite for informed priority setting targeting the intersections between diet and disease.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Author

Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Anand, Shuchi, Watkins, David, Gaziano, Thomas, Wu, Yangfeng, Mbanya, Jean Claude, Nugent, Rachel, Ajay, Vamadevan S, Afshin, Ashkan, Adler, Alma, Ali, Mohammed K, Bateman, Eric, Bettger, Janet, Bonow, Robert O, Brouwer, Elizabeth, Bukhman, Gene, Bull, Fiona, Burney, Peter, Capewell, Simon, Chan, Juliana, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chen, Jie, Criqui, Michael H, Dirks, John, Dugani, Sagar B, Engelgau, Michael, El Nahas, Meguid, Fall, Caroline HD, Feigin, Valery, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Glassman, Amanda, Goenka, Shifalika, Gupta, Rajeev, Hasan, Babar, Hersch, Fred, Hu, Frank, Huffman, Mark D, Jabbour, Samer, Jarvis, Deborah, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Joshi, Rohina, Kamano, Jemima H, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kudesia, Preeti, Kumar, R Krishna, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Lambert, Estelle V, Lee, Edward S, Li, Chaoyun, Luo, Rong, Magee, Matthew, Malik, Vasanti S, Marin-Neto, J Antonio, Marks, Guy, Mayosi, Bongani, McGuire, Helen, Micha, Renata, Miranda, J Jaime, Montoya, Pablo Aschner, Moran, Andrew E, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Naicker, Saraladevi, Naidoo, Nadraj G, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nikolic, Irina, O'Donnell, Martin, Onen, Churchill, Osmond, Clive, Patel, Anushka, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Poulter, Neil, Pratt, Michael, Rabkin, Miriam, Rajan, Vikram, Rassi, Anis, Rassi, Anis, Rawal, Ishita, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riella, Miguel, Roth, Greg A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sakuma, Yuna, Sampson, Uchechukwu KA, Siegel, Karen R, Sliwa, Karen, Suhrcke, Marc, Tandon, Nikhil, Thomas, Bernadette, Vaca, Claudia, Vedanthan, Rajesh, Verguet, Stéphane, Webb, Michael, Weber, Mary Beth, Whitsel, Laurie, Wong, Gary, Yan, Lijing L, Yancy, Clyde W, Zhang, Ping, Zhao, Dong, and Zhu, Yishan

Abstract

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs) are the leading causes of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist between countries of high income and countries of low and middle income. Based on current trends, the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to CVRDs by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many countries of low and middle income. We did systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. We summarise the key findings and present a costed essential package of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs. On a population level, we recommend tobacco taxation, bans on trans fats, and compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured food products. We suggest primary health services be strengthened through the establishment of locally endorsed guidelines and ensured availability of essential medications. The policy interventions and health service delivery package we suggest could serve as the cornerstone for the management of CVRDs, and afford substantial financial risk protection for vulnerable households. We estimate that full implementation of the essential package would cost an additional US$21 per person in the average low-income country and $24 in the average lower-middle-income country. The essential package we describe could be a starting place for low-income and middle-income countries developing universal health coverage packages. Interventions could be rolled out as disease burden demands and budgets allow. Our outlined interventions provide a pathway for countries attempting to convert the UN Sustainable Development Goal commitments into tangible action.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Reductions in national cardiometabolic mortality achievable by food price changes according to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility and participation

Author

Wilde, Parke Edward, Conrad, Zach, Rehm, Colin D, Pomeranz, Jennifer L, Penalvo, Jose L, Cudhea, Frederick, Pearson-Stuttard, Jonathan, O’Flaherty, Martin, Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

BackgroundSuboptimal diets are a major contributor to cardiometabolic disease (CMD) mortality, and substantial disparities exist for both dietary quality and mortality risk across income groups in the USA. Research is needed to quantify how food pricing policies to subsidise healthy foods and tax unhealthy foods could affect the US CMD mortality, overall and by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility and participation.MethodsComparative risk analysis based on national data on diet (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2012) and mortality (mortality-linked National Health Interview Survey) and meta-analyses of policy-diet and diet-disease relationships.ResultsA national 10% price reduction on fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains was estimated to prevent 19 600 CMD deaths/year, including 2.6% (95% UI 2.4% to 2.8%) of all CMD deaths among SNAP participants, 2.7% (95% UI 2.4% to 3.0%) among SNAP-eligible non-participants and 2.6% (95% UI 2.4% to 2.8%) among SNAP-ineligible non-participants. Adding a national 10% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and processed meats would prevent a total of 33 700 CMD deaths/year, including 5.9% (95% UI 5.4% to 7.4%) of all CMD deaths among SNAP participants, 4.8% (95% UI 4.4% to 5.2%) among SNAP-eligible non-participants and 4.1% (95% UI 3.8% to 4.5%) among SNAP-ineligible non-participants. Adding a SNAP-targeted 30% subsidy for the same healthy foods would offer the largest reductions in both CMD mortality and disparities.ConclusionNational subsidies for healthy foods and taxes on SSBs and processed meats would each reduce CMD mortality; taxes would also reduce CMD mortality more steeply for SNAP participants than for non-participants.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Omega-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 39 740 adults from 20 prospective cohort studies

Author

Wu, Jason H Y, Marklund, Matti, Imamura, Fumiaki, Tintle, Nathan, Ardisson Korat, Andres V, de Goede, Janette, Zhou, Xia, Yang, Wei-Sin, de Oliveira Otto, Marcia C, Kröger, Janine, Qureshi, Waqas, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Bassett, Julie K, Frazier-Wood, Alexis C, Lankinen, Maria, Murphy, Rachel A, Rajaobelina, Kalina, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Forouhi, Nita G, Luben, Robert, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Wareham, Nick, Kalsbeek, Anya, Veenstra, Jenna, Luo, Juhua, Hu, Frank B, Lin, Hung-Ju, Siscovick, David S, Boeing, Heiner, Chen, Tzu-An, Steffen, Brian, Steffen, Lyn M, Hodge, Allison, Eriksdottir, Gudny, Smith, Albert V, Gudnason, Vilmunder, Harris, Tamara B, Brouwer, Ingeborg A, Berr, Claudine, Helmer, Catherine, Samieri, Cecilia, Laakso, Markku, Tsai, Michael Y, Giles, Graham G, Nurmi, Tarja, Wagenknecht, Lynne, Schulze, Matthias B, Lemaitre, Rozenn N, Chien, Kuo-Liong, Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Sun, Qi, Harris, William S, Lind, Lars, Ärnlöv, Johan, Riserus, Ulf, Micha, Renata, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Abstract

The metabolic effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remain contentious, and little evidence is available regarding their potential role in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the associations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results