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The effects of various types of uncertainty in the design of hydraulic structures in an openchannel system for irrigation water delivery are investigated. Uncertainty due to ambiguity in the values of system physical and management characteristics is addressed by modeling selected parameters temporally varying watersupply level; spatially varying canal geometry, bed slope and hydraulic resistance; and spatially and temporally varying irrigation demand and irrigation patterns as stochastic processes. Vagueness in the specification of system performance objectives adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity is modeled using postulated fuzzy set membership functions. An optimal design criterion is formulated that incorporates quantitative measures of water delivery system performance. Two design objectives, high technical performance and low cost, are considered in a simple illustrative example. A model of spatially varied flow in an open channel delivering water to farm turnouts is used to analyze design scenarios under two different operating schemes. Monte Carlo simulation allows analysis of system behavior in a stochastic setting. Response surface methodology is used to derive optimal design solutions for sizing of diversion and regulating structures. Implications for design and analysis of largescale delivery networks in an uncertain environment are discussed.

Performance measures are developed that facilitate analysis of irrigationwater delivery systems in terms of adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity of water delivery. The measures provide a quantitative assessment not only of overall system performance, but also of contributions to performance from the structural and management components of the system. Spatial and temporal distributions of required, scheduled, deliverable, and delivered water are used to calculate the performance measures. These variables may be estimated by a combination of fieldmeasurement and simulation techniques. The performance measures can be incorporated in an irrigationsystem monitoring program and can provide a framework for assessing system improvement alternatives. They are amenable to decomposition analysis of systems, allowing assessment of trends in performance among distinctly defined subregions or comparison of performance at different levels of systemnetwork hierarchy. Example applications to systems typical of Sri Lanka and Egypt indicate the usefulness of the measures in system evaluation.

Are the available water resources sufficient to produce food for the growing world population while at the same time meet increasing municipal, industrial and environmental requirements? Projections for the year 2025, presented by different research groups at the second World Water Forum in The Hague, show an increase in global agricultural water use ranging from 4 to 17%. Estimates for the growth of total withdrawals, including domestic and industrial sectors, vary from 22 to 32%. This range is the result of differences in model structure and assumptions. Although these analyses were instrumental in raising awareness concerning the extent of present and future water scarcity problems, they raise many questions, which remain largely unanswered. The questions relate to the impact of water- and food-related policies on global and regional water scarcity, food production, environment and livelihoods through the year 2025. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) embarked on a joint modeling exercise to address these questions. This paper lays out the issues and discusses the methodology. During the 18th ICID Congress in July 2002 at Montreal, preliminary results will be presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Are the available water resources sufficient to produce food for the growing world population while at the same time meet increasing municipal, industrial and environmental requirements? Projections for the year 2025, presented by different research groups at the second World Water Forum in The Hague, show an increase in global agricultural water use ranging from 4 to 17%. Estimates for the growth of total withdrawals, including domestic and industrial sectors, vary from 22 to 32%. This range is the result of differences in model structure and assumptions. Although these analyses were instrumental in raising awareness concerning the extent of present and future water scarcity problems, they raise many questions, which remain largely unanswered. The questions relate to the impact of water‐ and food‐related policies on global and regional water scarcity, food production, environment and livelihoods through the year 2025. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) embarked on a joint modeling exercise to address these questions. This paper lays out the issues and discusses the methodology. During the 18th ICID Congress in July 2002 at Montreal, preliminary results will be presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The effects of various types of uncertainty in the design of hydraulic structures in an open‐channel system for irrigation water delivery are investigated. Uncertainty due to ambiguity in the values of system physical and management characteristics is addressed by modeling selected parameters (temporally varying water‐supply level; spatially varying canal geometry, bed slope and hydraulic resistance; and spatially and temporally varying irrigation demand and irrigation patterns) as stochastic processes. Vagueness in the specification of system performance objectives (adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity) is modeled using postulated fuzzy set membership functions. An optimal design criterion is formulated that incorporates quantitative measures of water delivery system performance. Two design objectives, high technical performance and low cost, are considered in a simple illustrative example. A model of spatially varied flow in an open channel delivering water to farm turnouts is used to analyze design scenarios under two different operating schemes. Monte Carlo simulation allows analysis of system behavior in a stochastic setting. Response surface methodology is used to derive optimal design solutions for sizing of diversion and regulating structures. Implications for design and analysis of large‐scale delivery networks in an uncertain environment are discussed.

Performance measures are developed that facilitate analysis of irrigation‐water delivery systems in terms of adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity of water delivery. The measures provide a quantitative assessment not only of overall system performance, but also of contributions to performance from the structural and management components of the system. Spatial and temporal distributions of required, scheduled, deliverable, and delivered water are used to calculate the performance measures. These variables may be estimated by a combination of field‐measurement and simulation techniques. The performance measures can be incorporated in an irrigation‐system monitoring program and can provide a framework for assessing system improvement alternatives. They are amenable to decomposition analysis of systems, allowing assessment of trends in performance among distinctly defined subregions or comparison of performance at different levels of system‐network hierarchy. Example applications to systems typical of Sri Lanka and Egypt indicate the usefulness of the measures in system evaluation.

Explains a technique for developing a healthy mind and body. Wandering mind; Abdomen as center of energy; Meditation technique called "Return to the Source"; Functions of the metaphorical characters Sage; Maya; Gate Keeper; Freedom Fighter.

The article explores how business organizations can employ Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP). It presents the outcome of the application of NLP in a group of executives at Computacenter plc. It explains how NLP works in changing one's behaviour. It discusses the use of NLP in confidence building among business professionals.