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Background: For the first time, the investigation of six anti-inflammatory drugs and six antihistaminic drugs for inhibitory activities against alpha-amylase has been evaluated using a new inhibition detection method in order to find new treatments for some diseases caused by α-amylase. Objective: The first part of this work was devoted to the evaluation of the inhibition activity of these drugs on salivary α-amylase in vitro. Then to study the nature of interactions and structure-activity relationship, using the Autodockvina program for molecular docking. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of our drugs is achieved using a new method that has proved its sensitivity, quickness, and effectiveness. Results: The results of this study show that betamethasone and loratadine are potent α-amylase inhibitors with IC50 values 0.7mg/ml and 1.03 mg/ml, respectively compared to acarbose with IC50=5.6 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results showed that the loratadine and the betamethasone have a strong potential to inhibit the alpha-amylase.

Background: For the first time, the anti-inflammatory drug betamethasone is investigated for its inhibitory activity against lipase. Objective: This work aims to demonstrate the in vitro and in silico inhibitory effect of the anti-inflammatory drug betamethasone on the enzymatic activity of two lipases. Methods: In vitro study using p-nitrophenyllaurate as lipase substrate is used to determine inhibition potency. Molecular Docking is performed using the Autodock Vina for drug molecule and two enzymes Candida rugosa lipase and human pancreatic lipase. Results: Betamethasone represents a moderate inhibition effect with a value of IC50 of 0.36±0.01 mg/ml. Molecular docking allowed us to understand inhibitory – enzyme interactions and to confirm in vitro obtained results. Conclusion: These experiments showed that betamethasone can be used in the treatment of diseases related to lipase activity.

Introduction: Plants supply traditional Algerian medicines for the treatment of antiinflammatory effect. The reasons for the use of traditional treatments were that pure compounds obtained were also effective in reducing the toxicities of toxic agents or other drugs. Methods: In this study, we explore the phytochemical composition and the phenolic content by indirect method to evaluate the antioxidants and the anti-inflammatory capacities of twelve extracts from three plants. Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 0.168 ± 0.020 to 4.166 ± 0.124 mg per gram of dry weight. Phytochemical screening revealed that tannins, C-heterosides, O-reduced heterosides and reducing compounds are the most common chemical groups. The highest antiradical activity was achieved with methanolic extract of Hammada elegans (EC50 = 0.551 ± 0.171mg/mL). However, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans represents the most important reducing activity (EC50 = 0.747 ± 0.004mg/mL). Moreover, this extract also displays the highest chelating ferrous ions effect (EC50 = 5.749 ± 0.009 mg/mL) while the hydromethanolic extract of Cleome arabica has the best antilipoperoxidative effect (EC50 = 0.031 ± 0.000mg/mL). Furthermore, all extracts inhibit the activity of lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase with IC50 values less than 19.210 ± 0.297 mg/mL. Therefore, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans appears to be twice greater than that of standard inhibitors. Conclusion: The fractionation of the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans has given a potent bioactive compound which seems to have potential therapeutic possibilities for the prevention of the inflammatory effects.

Background: Cleome arabica belongs to the family of Capparaceae. It has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years for its pharmaceutical potentials due to its antioxidant, antihypercholisterolemic, anti-cancer and chemoprotective activities for the treatment of a number of diseases. Objective: The main study was to evaluate the α-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of extracts from Cleome arabica collected on two seasons (December 2016 and May 2017) in the town of Laghouat steppe region of Algeria. In addition, the purpose of the study was to investigate a new natural inhibition of α-amylase using an in vitro model, as well as to find a natural anti-diabetic compound from the plant. Methods: The extracts were prepared with two solvent systems: hydroalcoholic and acetonic solvent systems. The polyphenolic contents of methanol and acetone extracted samples were evaluated in vitro in two different ways: total phenolic contents and total flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, test enzyme inhibitory effect against α-amylase of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Results: The phenolics and flavonoid contents varied from (2.87 to 107.21mg Gallic acid equivalent/ 100g dry matter) and from (0.12 to 88.50 mg Quercetin equivalent /100g) respectively for the beginning of maturity stage (December) in all plant organs. The radical scavenging activity values of the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical test ranged between 0.009 to 0.481 mg/ml in different plant organ extracts. The inhibitory effect of the Cleome arabica extracts on α-amylase was also investigated and concentrations that gave 50% inhibition of maximal activity were found in acetonic extract with finest values (0.11 and 1.01 mg/ml) in the beginning and the end of maturity stage respectively at ethyl acetate and n- hexane fraction for the pods and roots, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first report on potential inhibition of these plant extracts on the digestive enzyme, α-amylase. The results indicate that Cleome arabica of Algeria is a powerful natural antioxidant and also could provide natural biologically active agents to be used in the management of diabetes.