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The article discusses the results of a study that evaluated the early effects of systemic metabolic changes, renal histologic morphology and histological changes of rats' ileal patch after experimental ileocystoplasty. The study developed an animal model of female Wistar species of rats in which bladder augmentation using ileum and a sham operation were performed. It showed that the augmented group's urinary pH was higher in treated rats than in shams while the bladder calculi was formed in 28.6 percent of ileocystoplasty. It concludes that treated rats showed significant improvement of serum creatine, sign of glomerular overload and depletion.

Genistein aglycone (GEN) has a favorable effect on bone loss. We investigated the effects of GEN alone or in combination with supplemental calcium and vitamin D(3) in an animal model of bone loss to evaluate if there was additional benefit. Ovariectomized (OVX) and SHAM-OVX rats were used. OVX were divided into 12 groups and randomized to receive: GEN at 27, 54, 200, 500 or 1000mg (human equivalent dose (HED)/day/ip injection alone or with calcium carbonate (Ca) (360mg/kg/day/gavages) and vitamin D(3) (D(3)) (50IU/kg/day/gavages) or Ca/D(3) without GEN or untreated for 6 weeks. SHAM-OVX were randomized into 7 groups and treated with: Ca and D(3) alone or in combination with GEN (same doses as OVX), or left untreated. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone-alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), collagen C-telopeptides (CTX), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of NF[kappa]B ligand (sRANKL) were assessed. Femurs were excised and tested for breaking strength and histology. Uterine weight was analyzed to assess GEN's estrogenic effects on the SHAM-OVX. The most effective dose of GEN, independent of Ca/D(3) supplementation, was 54mg/day. Higher doses yielded no further improvement in bone biomarkers, histology or strength. Only 1000mg/day HED of genistein produced statistically significant changes in uterine weight of the SHAM-OVX. This study suggests that 54mg/day of GEN is the threshold dose for efficacy. In addition, supplemental calcium and vitamin D(3), beyond normal dietary intake do not enhance the effects of genistein on improving measures of bone loss. This observation has implications regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D(3) supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Genistein aglycone (GEN) has a favorable effect on bone loss. We investigated the effects of GEN alone or in combination with supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 in an animal model of bone loss to evaluate if there was additional benefit. Ovariectomized (OVX) and SHAM-OVX rats were used. OVX were divided into 12 groups and randomized to receive: GEN at 27, 54, 200, 500 or 1000mg (human equivalent dose (HED)/day/ip injection alone or with calcium carbonate (Ca) (360mg/kg/day/gavages) and vitamin D3 (D3) (50IU/kg/day/gavages) or Ca/D3 without GEN or untreated for 6 weeks. SHAM-OVX were randomized into 7 groups and treated with: Ca and D3 alone or in combination with GEN (same doses as OVX), or left untreated. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone-alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), collagen C-telopeptides (CTX), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of NFκB ligand (sRANKL) were assessed. Femurs were excised and tested for breaking strength and histology. Uterine weight was analyzed to assess GEN''s estrogenic effects on the SHAM-OVX. The most effective dose of GEN, independent of Ca/D3 supplementation, was 54mg/day. Higher doses yielded no further improvement in bone biomarkers, histology or strength. Only 1000mg/day HED of genistein produced statistically significant changes in uterine weight of the SHAM-OVX. This study suggests that 54mg/day of GEN is the threshold dose for efficacy. In addition, supplemental calcium and vitamin D3, beyond normal dietary intake do not enhance the effects of genistein on improving measures of bone loss. This observation has implications regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background and Aim: Recent evidence suggests that genistein aglycone may act beneficially on surrogate cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women. We assessed the effects of genistein aglycone on some cardiovascular risk factors and homocysteine levels after 3-years of continued therapy in a cohort of osteopenic, postmenopausal women. Methods and Results: The parent study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 389 postmenopausal women with low bone mass for 24 months. Subsequently, a subcohort (138 patients) continued therapy for an additional year. Participants received 54mg of genistein aglycone (n =71) or placebo (n =67), daily. Both arms received calcium and vitamin D3 in therapeutic doses. Moreover, 4 weeks before randomization procedures and during our follow-up study, all patients received dietary instructions in an isocaloric fat-restricted diet. Blood lipid profiles, fasting glucose and insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fibrinogen, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and homocysteine at baseline and after 24 and 36 months of treatment were measured. Compared to placebo, genistein significantly decreased fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen and homocysteine after 24 and 36 months of treatment. By contrast, isoflavone administration did not affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides though serum OPG was higher in the genistein recipients. There were no differences in adverse events or discomfort between groups. Results on routine biochemical, liver function, and hematologic testing did not change over time in placebo or genistein group. Conclusions: After 3-years of treatment, genistein aglycone plus calcium, vitamin D3 and a healthy diet showed positive effects on some cardiovascular risk factors and homocysteine levels in a cohort of postmenopausal women with low bone mass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]