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The recent acceleration of commercial, private and multi-national spaceflight has created an unprecedented level of activity in low Earth orbit, concomitant with the largest-ever number of crewed missions entering space and preparations for exploration-class (lasting longer than one year) missions. Such rapid advancement into space from many new companies, countries and space-related entities has enabled a ‘second space age’. This era is also poised to leverage, for the first time, modern tools and methods of molecular biology and precision medicine, thus enabling precision aerospace medicine for the crews. The applications of these biomedical technologies and algorithms are diverse, and encompass multi-omic, single-cell and spatial biology tools to investigate human and microbial responses to spaceflight. Additionally, they extend to the development of new imaging techniques, real-time cognitive assessments, physiological monitoring and personalized risk profiles tailored for astronauts. Furthermore, these technologies enable advancements in pharmacogenomics, as well as the identification of novel spaceflight biomarkers and the development of corresponding countermeasures. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the recent biomedical research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, European Space Agency and other space agencies, and detail the entrance of the commercial spaceflight sector (including SpaceX, Blue Origin, Axiom and Sierra Space) into aerospace medicine and space biology, the first aerospace medicine biobank, and various upcoming missions that will utilize these tools to ensure a permanent human presence beyond low Earth orbit, venturing out to other planets and moons.

Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study1, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight2, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth. Overall, these preliminary civilian spaceflight data suggest that short-duration missions do not pose a significant health risk, and moreover present a rich opportunity to measure the earliest phases of adaptation to spaceflight in the human body at anatomical, cellular, physiological and cognitive levels. Finally, these methods and results lay the foundation for an open, rapidly expanding biomedical database for astronauts3, which can inform countermeasure development for both private and government-sponsored space missions.

Objective To assess the range and frequency of additional congenital malformations identified among children born alive with CL/P.Design Analysis of patient-level data from a national registry of cleft births linked to national administrative data of hospital admissions.Setting National Health Service, England.Patients Children born between 2000 and 2012 receiving cleft care in English NHS hospitals.Outcome Measures The proportion of children with ICD-10codes for additional congenital malformations, according to cleft type.Results The study included 9403 children. Of these 2114 (22.5%) had CL±A, 4509 (48.0%) had CP, 1896 (20.2%) had UCLP, and 884 (9.4%) had BCLP. A total of 3653 (38.8%) children had additional congenital malformations documented in their hospital admission records. The prevalence of additional congenital malformations was greatest among children with CP (53.0%), followed by those with BCLP (33.5%), UCLP (26.3%), and then CL±A (22.2%) (P< .001). Among those with UCLP, children with right-sided clefts were more likely to have additional malformations than those with left-sided clefts (31.6% vs 23.0%, P< .001). Malformations of the skeletal system and circulatory system were most common, affecting 10.5% and 10.2% of the included children, respectively. A total of 16.8% of children had additional congenital malformations affecting 2 or more structural systems.Conclusions Congenital malformations are common among children born alive with a cleft, affecting over half of some cleft subgroups. Given the frequency of certain structural malformations, clinicians should consider standardized screening for these children. Establishing good links with pediatric and genetic services is recommended.

Using the high symmetry in the geometry of a smooth projective quadric, we construct effectively new families of smooth projective rational surfaces whose nef divisors are regular, and whose effective monoids are finitely generated by smooth projective rational curves of negative self-intersection. Furthermore, the Cox rings of these surfaces are finitely generated, the dimensions of their anticanonical complete linear systems are zero, and their nonzero nef divisors intersect positively the anticanonical ones. And in two special cases, we give efficient ways of describing any effective divisor class in terms of the given minimal generating sets for the effective monoids of these surfaces. The ground field of our varieties is algebraically closed of arbitrary characteristic.

Las infiltraciones de corticoides son efectivas en el tratamiento de los dedos en gatillo pero el dolor percibido por el paciente durante la inyección es un efecto acompañante siempre presente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y el dolor percibido durante una infiltración corticoidea depositada fuera de la vaina tendinosa utilizando la técnica comisural dorsal.

Although COVID-19 has greatly affected many low-income and middle-income countries, detailed information about patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is still scarce. Our aim was to examine ventilation characteristics and outcomes in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 in Argentina, an upper middle-income country.

In this work, we report an experimental and numerical study of the intracavity spatial filtering in edge-emitting lasers using a chirped photonic crystal (PhC) as the filtering element in the near-field domain. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the near-field PhC filtering scheme and compare it to conventional spatial filtering using a variable width slit in the far-field domain. Using a two-dimensional chirped PhC as a spatial filter, we experimentally demonstrate a brightness enhancement by a factor of 1.3, considering an edge-emitting laser with a 1.5 mm cavity length, consistent with a numerical prediction of brightness enhanced by a factor of 1.7. The experimental results are theoretically confirmed by numerical integration of a spatio-temporal model of the edge-emitting laser. Furthermore, numerical results show that brightness can be further increased over a factor of 2, applying optimized spatial-filtering elements at both the front and rear facets of the lasers.

La infiltración corticoidea es efectiva en el tratamiento de los dedos en resorte, aunque el dolor percibido por el paciente durante la inyección es un efecto secundario siempre presente. La piel dorsal tiene una menor densidad de receptores nociceptivos, por lo que la infiltración desde el dorso podría ser menos dolorosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si una técnica de infiltración a través de la piel dorsal es segura en el tratamiento de esta patología.

Los objetivos principales son describir la práctica de la ventilación mecánica en un periodo de 18 años en México y estimar los cambios en la mortalidad de los pacientes críticos con ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI).

A highly active catalyst based on two metal oxides, CeO2/Co3O4, for the low temperature soot oxidation at low temperatures is reported. This catalyst was produced by depositing cobalt oxide by the method of deposition−precipitation with urea onto CeO2microstructures obtained by the hydrothermal method using urea and citric acid as precipitating agents. Catalytic experiments were performed by temperature programmed combustion, in a fixed-bed microreactor, under loose and tight contact conditions, using Printex-U (Evonik) as the model soot. The results showed that the CeO2/Co3O4material presented an enhanced activity for the soot oxidation reaction (50% soot conversion at 287 °C) compared with CeO2(50% soot conversion at 337 °C) and Co3O4(50% soot conversion at 360 °C) catalysts separately. The catalytic activity for the CeO2/Co3O4catalyst is higher than the ones reported for Ce–Co based catalysts, tested under similar conditions, for soot oxidation (reduced by 46 °C the lowest temperature reached for the 50% soot conversion).

Background: The different bony and soft tissue reference points and the micro and macroscopic structures of the knee continue to be the object of focused study and analysis. Upon reviewing the most recent literature, we saw the wide spectrum of studies that seek to define the different anatomical aspects of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Feature construction and selection are two key factors in the field of machine learning (ML). Usually, these are very time-consuming and complex tasks because the features have to be manually crafted. The features are aggregated, combined or split to create features from raw data. In this paper, we propose a methodology that makes use of ontologies to automatically generate features for the ML algorithms. The features are generated by combining the concepts and relationships that are already in the knowledge base, expressed in form of ontology. The proposed methodology has been evaluated with three different activities of a popular dataset, showing its effectiveness in the recognition of activities of daily living (ADL). The obtained successful results indicate that the use of extended feature vectors provided by the use of ontologies offers a better accuracy, regarding the original feature vectors of the classic approach, where each feature corresponds to the activation of a sensor. Although the classic approach produces classifiers with accuracies above 92%, the proposed methodology improves those results by 1.9%, on average, without adding more information to the dataset.

•Pyroclastic floating pumice as possible extremophile habitats in the emergence of life on Earth.•The significance of hydrothermal volcanic activities for the evolution of life.•Raman analysis of pumice samples from submarine volcanic eruptions from La Restinga, Spain.•Vibrational identification of new undetected minerals in La Restinga volcanic eruption, Spain.•The relevance of the Raman spectroscopy for planetary exploration in Martian missions.

La atrofia muscular espinal, es la segunda enfermedad neuromuscular más frecuente en la infancia. Se transmite con carácter autosómico recesivo. Se conocen tres formas clínicas, según la edad de inicio de los síntomas y la capacidad de marcha, con una gran variabilidad en el pronóstico vital y funcional. Durante su evolución aparecen distintas complicaciones del aparato locomotor, entre las que destaca la luxación de caderas, en la cual, según la mayoría de los autores no se recomienda actualmente la cirugía, debido a la alta frecuencia de recidivas. Por otro lado, se cree que la existencia de dolor asociada a la misma es poco frecuente, y tanto su aparición como el manejo del mismo, están muy poco reportados.

Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions.

El estómago intratorácico congénito es una condición sumamente rara y requiere reconocimiento oportuno y manejo médico y quirúrgico adecuado. Los principales diagnósticos diferenciales de esta condición son esófago corto congénito real y hernia hiatal. Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido con imágenes radiológicas altamente sugestivas de estómago intratorácico congénito. Hacemos énfasis en que la vigilancia perinatal ultrasonográfica juega un papel sumamente importante en la detección, el seguimiento y el manejo oportuno de pacientes como este.

The nationwide epidemiological research of transfusion-transmitted diseases is relevant since the information provided by blood banks makes possible the knowledge of the distribution and seroprevalence of diseases, it also allows the indirect verification of the effectiveness of vaccination programs.

Among the risks associated with hematopoietic stem cells transplantation of umbilical cord blood are bacterial infections. This becomes dangerous when bacterial sepsis is related to resistance to antibiotics commonly used to eliminate of this type infections. Among the widely used antibiotics are those of the β-lactam family. Among the genes responsible for the resistance are designated “blagenes” which encode for broad-spectrum lactamases. Its detection in the laboratory shown the importance in the manufacture of cord blood units.

The Umbilical Cord Blood Units (UCBU) for transplant are a therapeutic possibility for patients with a wide range of onco-hematologic disorders, especially in children. In Mexico, 48.5% of oncological diseases in children from 1 to 4 years old are leukemias; while in patients from 5 to 14 and 15 to 24 years of age lymphomas and leukemias are predominant and represent the second and third causes of death in these age groups, respectively. Therefore, is it necessary to have registries of UCBU to ensure the representation of the genetic diversity in Mexico in order to attend this requirement.

Roseomonasis rarely involved in pathology but represents an important case of contamination when is associated to hematopoietic stem cells, having intrinsic resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics and the ability to gain new resistance factors. This is a report that follows a previous identification of contamination microorganisms in the cryopreserved Umbilical Cord Blood Units (UCBU) stored in the Cord Blood Bank (CBB) of the National Center of Blood Transfusion (NCBT) at Mexico City.

Blood transfusion is a valuable therapeutic tool for massive bleeding in spite of inherent risks and makes the difference between life and death. Rational use of blood components and particularly of red blood cells concentrates (RBC) request for surgery could minimize the transfusional reactions and financial burden for blood banks.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential use of gold and silver tailings (GST) as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of GST were evaluated. Based on the initial characterization of GST, mechanical and thermal activation were proposed to improve GST reactivity. The effect of both activation processes in crystallite size and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Mechanical activation at 140min of milling and thermal activation at 1000° C allowed the most significant reduction of crystallite size and particle size. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the Strength Activity Index (SAI) were tested in mortar cubes partially substituted with activated tailings. Results showed that 10, 15, and 20wt.% substitution with activated tailings exceed the 75% SAI according to ASTM standards. Micrographs showed the presence of a calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel rich matrix in experimental mortars.

Lungs stored ahead of transplant surgery experience ischemia. Pulmonary ischemia differs from ischemia in the systemic organs in that stop of blood flow in the lung leads to loss of shear alone because the lung parenchyma does not rely on blood flow for its cellular oxygen requirements. Our earlier studies on the ischemia‐induced mechanosignaling cascade showed that the pulmonary endothelium responds to stop of flow by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that ROSproduced in this way led to induction of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we used lungs or cells subjected to various periods of storage and evaluated the induction of several proinflammatory mediators. Isolated murine, porcine and human lungs in situshowed increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules; the damage‐associated molecular pattern protein high‐mobility group box 1 and the corresponding pattern recognition receptor, called the receptor for advanced glycation end products; and induction stabilization and translocation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and its downstream effector VEGFA, all of which are participants in inflammation. We concluded that signaling with lung preservation drives expression of inflammatory mediators that potentially predispose the donor lung to an inflammatory response after transplant. The authors investigate the effect of halted blood flow or ischemia on donor lungs during storage and report that the mechanosignaling associated with loss of flow leads to the induction of several inflammatory mediators that may predispose the donor lung to inflammation‐induced oxidative damage posttransplant.

Analizar los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la rigidez metacarpofalángica en extensión mediante tenoartrólisis dorsal en nuestro centro y revisar la literatura al respecto.

El síndrome metabólico es una constelación de trastornos entre los que se incluyen la resistencia a la insulina, la obesidad central, la hipertensión arterial y la hiperlipidemia. Estas alteraciones pueden tener implicaciones sobre el aparato genitourinario.

Mn adsorption on the GaAs(111)–(1×1)B surface electronic and magnetic properties are investigated using first principles total energy calculations within the periodic spin polarized density functional theory. Results show that one Mn atom adsorption on top of the surface drives to an interstitial Mn atom. The interstitial atom is bonded to three first monolayer As atoms forming a chain-like structure. This stable structure has a ferromagnetic behavior with a Mn magnetic moment of ∼ 3.98 μB. The Mn coverage increase yields a stable structure with the creation of an interstitial Mn layer, which in turn gives rise to a GaMnAs like alloy at the surface. The layer displays a ferromagnetic characteristic with magnetic moment of ∼ 4.40 μB. A surface formation energy analysis of all these stable structures shows that one Mn interstitial monolayer and a Mn interstitial atom may coexist. Density of states shows that there is an important contribution of the Mn atoms to the occupied and unoccupied states. The DOS of one Mn monolayer is metallic with the most important contribution around the Fermi level coming from the Ga-p and Mn-d orbitals.

Los actuadores de rigidez variable son dispositivos que permiten cambiar la posición y rigidez articular de un robot en forma simultánea. En los últimos años se han diseñado y desarrollado muchos dispositivos de este tipo, con la esperanza de favorecer la seguridad en la interacción humano-robot y mejorar el rendimiento dinámico de los robots. En este artículo se presenta el desarrollo de un controlador para un actuador de rigidez variable de configuración serie. La estrategia de control se basa en la linealización por realimentación y el ajuste de dos controladores lineales. Esta estrategia permite el seguimiento de referencias de posición y rigidez articular de forma simultánea y desacoplada. Además, se realizan simulaciones en las que se incorpora este dispositivo dentro del robot asistencial ASIBOT, a fin de evaluar el desempeño del controlador, los cambios en la dinámica del robot y las posibles ventajas que tendrá la inclusión del mismo a nivel de seguridad en la interacción física humano-robot.

La epicondilitis es una lesión muy frecuente en la población. La mayoría de los pacientes mejoran con el tratamiento conservador, pero en un pequeño porcentaje será necesaria la cirugía. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados clínicos obtenidos mediante una intervención consistente en «4 gestos quirúrgicos».

An experimental technique is described for determining the through-thickness stiffness and strength properties of laminated composites at impact rates of strain. Results are presented for through-thickness tensile tests on a X-ply CFRP, a woven CFRP and a woven GFRP at a quasi-static, an intermediate and an impact rate of strain. A small increase in strength and failure strain is observed under impact loading but tensile modulus and Poisson's ratio are essentially independent of strain rate.

La patología benigna de próstata es una de las causas más frecuentes de consulta urológica, con una prevalencia muy alta entre los varones mayores de 40 años. Constituye una patología cuyas complicaciones potenciales son muy graves y que además limitan la calidad de vida de los pacientes de forma muy importante. Si bien las técnicas diagnósticas no han sufrido grandes cambios en los últimos años, el arsenal terapéutico va paulatinamente aumentando con la salida de nuevos fármacos y nuevas tecnologías tanto para el tratamiento médico como quirúrgico de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata, y para el alivio de los síntomas asociados a las prostatitis. Presentamos una revisión actualizada de esta patología, haciendo énfasis en los últimos avances terapéuticos disponibles para el tratamiento de esta patología.

First-principles density functional theory calculations are performed on dopamine–graphene systems in the presence of an external electric field. The graphene lattice is also modified via substitutional boron- and nitrogen-doping, and via the introduction of defects (monovacancy and Thrower–Stone–Wales). The geometry optimization, electronic density of states, cohesive energy, electronic charge density, and wave functions are analyzed. Our results revealed that dopamine is anchored on the surface of graphene via a physisorption mechanism, and the cohesive strength varies as B-doped > N-doped > vacancy defect > Thrower–Stone–Wales defect. Boron-doped graphene exhibits valence states with dopamine molecules; furthermore, this system showed the strongest cohesive energy. When an electric field is applied, we observe shifts in the valence states near the Fermi level producing a decrease in the molecule–layer interaction. We envisage that the present results could help in developing novel biosensors based on doped/defective graphene field-effect transistor devices.

Analizar los valores del flujo obtenidos con un catéter endovascular y demostrar que son más fiables que los hallazgos angiográficos y clínicos para planificar y determinar el resultado del tratamiento radiológico invasivo de las fístulas de hemodiálisis, así como demostrar su seguridad durante los procedimientos intervencionistas.