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Recognizing epileptic seizures during video polysomnography (VPSG) can be challenging, particularly when using standard, limited EEG montages and paper speed. Few sleep laboratories have PSG equipment that allows for the recording of 18 channels of EEG without compromising the ability to detect sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, and parasomnias. We studied the ability of sleep medicine- and EEG-trained polysomnographers to correctly identify epileptic seizures during PSG using 4, 7, and 18 channels of simultaneous EEG, recording at conventional PSG and EEG paper speeds. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of limited EEG montages viewed with EEG reformatting capability in the identification of seizures during PSG.

An experimental model of coxsackievirus B3 infection in newborn mice was utilized to examine the protective role of antiviral antibodies and an interferon inducer, polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Subcutaneous administration to the infected mice of specific antiviral antibodies resulted in significant protection against coxsackievirus B3 infection. Antibody-treated animals had shortened viremia, early clearance of virus from tissues, and a reduced mortality rate. Dose response to antibodies was clearly demonstrated. However, the time of antibody administration in relation to the infection cycle was important. The protection was observed if antibodies were given before infection (24 h) or shortly after (2 h) infection. Administration of antibodies 24 h after infection resulted in no protection. The interferon inducer poly(I:C) prolonged the survival time of the infected mice, but this protective effect was incomplete and could only be demonstrated in animals treated before infection (24 h) or shortly after (2 h) infection. Enhanced protection against lethal coxsackievirus B3 infection was achieved in animals treated with a combination of antiviral antibodies and poly(I:C). These data confirm that antibody-mediated immunity plays a significant role in resistance against coxsackievirus B3 infection and suggest that antiviral antibodies may interact with poly(I:C) or work independently to produce an enhanced protective effect.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for flagellum type (a or b) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to detect serum immunoglobulin antibodies in 98 random outpatients and 14 colonized cystic fibrosis patients. Antibodies were detected to both types of flagella in addition to M-2 lipopolysaccharide. Titers to both flagellar antigens (FlAg) were 10 to 100 times higher in cystic fibrosis patients than in random outpatients of a comparable age group. Mean antibody titers against b-type FlAg were 454 for outpatients (ages newborn to 21 years), whereas the mean titer for cystic fibrosis patients (ages 6 to 21 years) was 51,520. Titers against a-type FlAg were generally lower, with mean outpatient titers of 68 and mean cystic fibrosis patient titers of 34,323. Differences were also seen in antibody titer against M-2 lipopolysaccharide, but these differences did not correspond to M-2 FlAg titers. In 98 random outpatients (ages newborn to 86 years), FlAg titers generally increased with age. To demonstrate further specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for flagellum antibody, Western blots were performed with selected high-titer cystic fibrosis patient sera. Sera that had a high titer (greater than 25,600) for b- or a-type FlAg showed a corresponding reactive band. These results demonstrate that flagellum antibodies are produced in humans in response to P. aeruginosa infection.

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An increased incidence of inguinal hernias has been noted in infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. However the significance of this association is still poorly defined.The incidence of inguinal hernias was determined retrospectively in 67 infants and children with documented cytomegalovirus infections. A prospective study was also conducted to define the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in 24 consecutive patients presenting for surgical repair of an inguinal hernia.The occurrence of inguinal hernias in patients with congenital or acquired cytomegalovirus infection revealed an overall incidence of 9.6% (7/67) but an 18.4% (7/38) incidence was noted among congenitally infected infants.Prospectively, cytomegalovirus infection was demonstrated in 3 of 24 (12%) infants and children with inguinal hernias. Our data, though limited,further document the association of inguinal hernias in cytomegalovirus infections.