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The objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and lung function in a high-performance Chilean triathlete ranked first in the national ranking. For this, the body composition profile proposed by Kerr, the somatotype according to Carter and Heath, lung volumes with spirometry according to the criteria of the ATS/ERS, the maximum dynamic inspiratory strength (S-index), the maximum inspiratory flow (FMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. The results showed 50.30% (30.28 kg) of muscle tissue, 21.46% (12.92 kg) of adipose tissue, a musculoskeletal index of 4.4, and a balanced mesomorphic somatotype (ENDO 2.0 - MESO 5.1 - ECTO 2.3). The VO2max was 77 ml/kg/min, the S-Index was 189 cmH2O, the FIM was 10.1 l/sec, the FEV1 was 4.08 l, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was 153 l and a maximum expiratory flow (FEM) of 584 l. In conclusion, the triathlete has a high level of muscle tissue and optimal percentage of subcutaneous body fat with a balanced physical form towards the muscle component. An outstanding cardiorespiratory capacity, inspiratory strength and lung function represents a great adaptation to the endurance tests that make up triathlon, especially swimming on inspiratory strength. Morphofunctional changes associated with the high-performance sports discipline are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of myofascial induction on mechanosensitivity of upper limb nerves. In this secondary analysis of a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 21 breast cancer survivors with stage I-IIIA cancer were randomly allocated to an experimental group (30 minutes of myofascial induction session) or placebo control group (unplugged pulsed 30 minutes of shortwave therapy), with a 4-week washout period between sessions that occurred in a physical therapy laboratory in the Health Science Faculty (University of Granada, Spain). Range of motion (universal goniometry), structural differentiation, symptoms (yes/no), and pressure pain thresholds (electronic algometry) were assessed during neurodynamic tests and attitude toward massage scale as covariate. An analysis of covariance revealed significant time × group interactions for range of motion in affected upper limb nerves (median, P <.001; radial, P =.036; ulnar, P =.002), but not for nonaffected upper limb nerves (median, P =.083; radial, P =.072; ulnar, P =.796). A χ2 or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, also revealed a significant difference (P =.044) in sensitivity for the affected upper limb ulnar nerve in the experimental group, whereas the rest of the assessed nerves (affected and nonaffected upper limb nerves) showed no significant changes in either the experimental or control groups (P >.05). An analysis of covariance revealed no significant interactions on pressure pain thresholds over the nerves for affected (all P >.05) and nonaffected (all P >.05) upper limb nerves. A single myofascial induction session may partially improve mechanosensitivity of median, radial, and ulnar nerves and yield positive effects on symptom mechanosensitivity, especially regarding the ulnar nerve in breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of mechanistic explanation are one of the noteworthy topics in recent philosophy of biology. The study of mechanistic explanations is, on one hand, a consequence of the “practice turn” and, on the other, a development of the different versions of functional analysis. One of the most important and cited articles on this topic is Machamer, Darden & Craver, “Thinking about mechanisms” (2000). We believe that this model could represent a way to break up the complexity of biological systems, as well as to justify a tendency towards higher levels of disciplinary fragmentation in practice. This work pursues a critical analysis of this article based on an example taken from biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives To (1) investigate the immediate effects of myofascial induction (MI), with placebo electrotherapy as a control, on perceived pain, cervical/shoulder range of motion (ROM), and mood state in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) with shoulder/arm morbidity; and (2) examine the relationships between pain modifications and cervical/shoulder ROM on the side affected by breast cancer. Design Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting Physical therapy laboratory. Participants BCSs (N=21) who had a diagnosis of stage I–IIIA breast cancer and had completed adjuvant therapy (except hormonal treatment). Intervention During each session, the BCSs received either an MI (fascial unwinding) intervention focused on the upper limb area following the Pilat approach or placebo pulsed shortwave therapy (control group). Each session lasted 30 minutes, and an adequate washout period of 4 weeks between sessions was established. Main Outcome Measures The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and anxiety, shoulder-cervical goniometry for ROM, the Profile of Mood States for psychological distress, and the Attitudes Towards Massage Scale were used. Results An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant time × group interactions for VAS affected arm ( P =.031) but not for VAS cervical ( P =.332), VAS nonaffected arm ( P =.698), or VAS anxiety ( P =.266). The ANCOVA also revealed significant interactions for affected shoulder flexion ( P <.001), abduction ( P <.001), external rotation ( P =.004), and internal rotation ( P =.001). Significant interactions for affected cervical rotation ( P =.022) and affected cervical lateral flexion ( P =.038) were also found. A significant negative correlation was found between changes in VAS affected arm and shoulder/arm internal rotation ROM ( r =−.46; P =.03). Conclusions A single MI session decreases pain intensity and improves neck-shoulder ROM to a greater degree than placebo electrotherapy for BCSs experiencing pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We briefly analyze Roberto Esposito's (2006) review on the critique of the modern legal matrix present in Foucault's work, in particular the category of property, to adopt his immunization paradigm as a plausible hermeneutic framework to account for the territorial conflicts over agribusiness. This legal framework serves as an instance to legitimize the restriction to access to land, the oppression of alternative forms of production, and the use of polluting products that affect and unbalance spaces located outside the territory of the owner It is worth hearing the alarm bells that some intellectuals raise posing that this actual model of agriculture is part of a geopolitical project to reduce the population of the planet and to eliminate farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the acquisition of competence in palpation and ultrasound imaging in the lumbopelvic region can be improved by the use of e-learning strategies. Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized controlled study. Forty-four physical therapy undergraduate students (29 females) from the University of Granada (Spain) received an educational module of on-campus training in palpation and ultrasound examination of the lumbopelvic area. The participants were randomly distributed into 2 groups: the e-learning group, with free access to a Web site on musculoskeletal palpation and ultrasound assessment, and the control group, with access to documents and books on the topic. Objective structured clinical evaluation and reproducibility between professorial staff and students in multifidus cross-sectional area ultrasound imaging were used to assess the educational intervention. Results: Objective structured clinical evaluation scores were statistically significantly higher in the e-learning group than in the control group for skills in palpation ability and ultrasound assessment of the lumbopelvic area (both P < .001). Conclusion: This study suggests that e-learning may be an adjunct educational strategy to acquire musculoskeletal manual skills and ultrasound imaging of the lumbopelvic area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning as a supplement to on-campus education for the acquisition of skills in palpation and ultrasound examination of the knee in a physiotherapy degree course. Forty-six students (28 females) from the University of Granada, with a mean age of 21.5 yrs, received 4 h of theoretical and practical on-campus training on palpation and ultrasound examination of the knee joint. They were then randomly distributed into two groups: experimental, with free access to the ECOFISIO website on musculoskeletal palpation and ultrasound assessment; and control, with access to documents and books on the topic. Structured objective clinical evaluation (SOCE) and multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) were used to assess the educational intervention. We also measured the time taken by the students to generate a reliable ultrasound image and to localize a specific knee structure by palpation. There was no significant intergroup difference in the acquisition of theoretical knowledge as assessed by the MCQ (p = 0.39). Scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group for skills in palpation ability (p = 0.041) and ultrasound assessment (p < 0.001) of the knee. Students in the e-learning group needed less time to palpate the musculoskeletal structure (p = 0.041) but more time (p = 0.012) to obtain their superior ultrasound images. In conclusion, these results contribute evidence that e-learning is an effective educational strategy for physiotherapy students to acquire skills in palpation and ultrasound imaging of the knee as a supplement to on-campus education. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: The curricula of all health professionals have an important foundation of human anatomy. A comparison of the anatomy retention between students from different curricula has not been studied. Our aim was to examine the knowledge competency of third-year physical therapy and medical students in carpal bone anatomy. Methods: The testing was conducted on the third-year medical and physical therapy students at Universidad de Granada. Students were given 5 minutes to answer the carpal bone test, a test which requires the identification of the carpal bones in an illustration of the bony skeleton of carpal region. Differences in the distribution of the responses between groups were analyzed using the χ 2 test. Results: One hundred thirty-four (n = 134) tests were analyzed (n = 54 [41%] physical therapy students, n = 80 [59%] medical students). Only 39 students correctly identified all of the carpal bones (42.6% physical therapy, 20% medical, P < .001). Physical therapy students correctly identified a greater number (P < .001) of carpal bones (mean ± SD, 5.8 ± 2.2) than medical students (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 2.9). The capitate was the most frequently identified bone in both physical therapy (96%) and medical (46%) students (P < .001). The hamate bone was the least frequently identified bone by medical students (n = 29, or 36.3%), whereas the trapezoid bone was the least frequently identified bone by physical therapy students (n = 35, or 64.8%). Conclusion: There are few studies investigating anatomical knowledge levels between disciplines. This study found that physical therapy students exhibited better retention of anatomy of the carpal bones than medical students. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Patología is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)