26 results on '"Manickam, Sivakumar"'
Search Results
2. Nano-reinforced self-healing rubbers: A comprehensive review.
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Low, Darren Yi Sern, Mintarno, Sharon, Karia, Nirvedita Rani, Manickam, Sivakumar, Tan, Khang Wei, Khalid, Mohammad, Goh, Bey Hing, and Tang, Siah Ying
- Abstract
[Display omitted] In recent years, there has been a growing interest in self-healing rubbers due to their ability to repair mechanical damage autonomously. This capability is achieved by incorporating reversible dynamic cross-linked networks within the rubber matrix. Technological and scientific advancements have led to the development of nano-reinforced self-healing rubbers, focusing on enhancing mechanical strength while maintaining high self-healing efficiency and low dependence on external stimuli. This review discusses the latest progress in utilizing various nanofillers, including carbon-based, bio-based, hybrids, and other variants, to reinforce rubber matrices and improve self-healing properties. The review covers nanofiller characteristics, mechanical properties, and surface modification techniques. Favorable interactions between host matrices and fillers are highlighted, along with reinforcing theories and mechanisms. The sustainability aspects of these materials are also addressed, and their potential applications in cleaner production and sustainable manufacturing are explored, offering insights into the future prospects of nano-reinforced self-healing rubbers on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Assessing the industrialization progress of hydrodynamic cavitation process intensification technology: a review.
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Sun, Xun, Xu, Haozhen, Xuan, Xiaoxu, Manickam, Sivakumar, Boczkaj, Grzegorz, and Wang, Benlong
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TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,WATER purification ,WASTE management ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,ECONOMIC efficiency - Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with other emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwave, the widespread commercial adoption of HC remained limited even after three decades of development. This review aims to assess the current distance from industrialization and promote the advancement of HC by summarizing recent progress in the pilot or full-scale applications, particularly in biodiesel synthesis, water treatment, and the pretreatment of sludge and LCB. Special attention is given to treatment capacity and economic efficiency. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Preparation and characterization of ZnO-CNF/chitosan hydrogel and its in vitro antibacterial activity
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Supramaniam, Janarthanan, Teh, Irvy Ai Xia, Low, Darren Yi Sern, Leo, Bey Fen, Tan, Loh Teng Hern, Goh, Bey Hing, Manickam, Sivakumar, and Tang, Siah Ying
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- 2023
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5. Therapeutic potential of mushrooms: A review on NF-κB modulation in chronic inflammation
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Amirullah, Nur Amalina, Abdullah, Erlina, Zainal Abidin, Nurhayati, Abdullah, Noorlidah, and Manickam, Sivakumar
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Numerous mushroom species are valued not just for their flavor but also for their health advantages. Historically, these mushrooms have been utilized for medicinal purposes across different parts of the world. Research has revealed that metabolites derived from these fungi have health benefits. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding how these fungal metabolites provide their healing effects and comprehend their mechanisms of action. A primary focus is the nuclear factor NF-κB, a family of transcription factors essential for regulating inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation and abnormal activation of NF-κB proteins are associated with a variety of diseases. Various studies have investigated mushroom compounds and their impact on various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, gut health, metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammation, liver injury, renal and pulmonary diseases, and autoimmune disorders. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the NF-κB signaling pathway and other related inflammatory pathways. It discusses the bioactive compounds found in mushrooms, their potential to alleviate various diseases, and the specific inflammatory pathways, particularly NF-κB, that these bioactives target.
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- 2024
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6. Mechanical, thermal and dynamic-mechanical studies of functionalized halloysite nanotubes reinforced polypropylene composites
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Krishnaiah, Prakash, Manickam, Sivakumar, Ratnam, Chantara Thevy, Raghu, MS, Parashuram, L, Prasanna Kumar, S, and Jeon, Byong-Hun
- Abstract
Mechanical, dynamic-mechanical and thermal performance of polypropylene (PP) composites which are composed of (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were investigated. Functionalization of HNTs was confirmed by the presence of amine stretching peaks in the FTIR spectrum. A decrease in the agglomeration and high dispersion of APTES-HNTs across the PP matrix was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The mechanical properties of APTES-HNT-PP polymer composites were superior over their unmodified counterparts. Tensile properties such as maximum strength, Young’s modulus and impact strength were significantly enhanced by 28%, 45% and 60% respectively, with 6 wt% incorporation of surface-modified HNTs into PP matrix. A drastic improvement of stiffness and thermal stability of composites was noted with the incorporation of APTES modified HNTs into PP polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed a total increase of 22% in the crystallinity of clay polymer nanocomposite after filled with surface-modified HNTs. Overall, the outcome of this research confirms the modification of the surface of HNTs with a silane coupling agent, which enhances the mechanical and thermal performance of PP composites incorporated HNTs.
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- 2021
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7. Physical stability and rheological behavior of Pickering emulsions stabilized by protein–polysaccharide hybrid nanoconjugates
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Wong, See Kiat, Low, Liang Ee, Supramaniam, Janarthanan, Manickam, Sivakumar, Wong, Tin Wui, Pang, Cheng Heng, and Tang, Siah Ying
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This study investigated the emulsifying properties of a protein–polysaccharide hybrid nanoconjugate system comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, 1% w/v) and soy protein isolate at various concentrations (SPI, 1–3% w/v). The average particle size of the nanoconjugate increased, and the zeta potential decreased when 3% (w/v) of SPI was used. The contact angle and thermal stability of CNC improved with the conjugation of SPI. Upon Pickering emulsification, 0.5% (w/v) of CNC–SPI nanoconjugate as particle stabilizer was sufficient to obtain stable emulsions. The CNC–SPI1 formulation (CNC to SPI, 1:1) provided the emulsion with the smallest droplet size and higher emulsifying activity. Intriguingly, ultrasound (US) pre-treatment on nanoconjugates before emulsification significantly reduced the size of the emulsion. The rheological assessment demonstrated that the CNC–SPI-stabilized emulsions exhibit shear thinning behavior at a lower shear rate and shear thickening behavior at a higher shear rate, indicating the interruption of existing attractive interactions between the CNC particles. All emulsions exhibited higher elastic modulus (G′) than viscous modulus (G″), suggesting high viscoelastic properties of the emulsions. This study demonstrates that CNC–SPI nanoconjugate with optimum protein to polysaccharide ratio has great potential as a natural particle stabilizer in food and nutraceutical emulsion applications.
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- 2021
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8. Ultrasound-enhanced biosynthesis of uniform ZnO nanorice using Swietenia macrophyllaseed extract and its in vitroanticancer activity
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Low, Darren Yi Sern, Mahendra, Camille Keisha, Supramaniam, Janarthanan, Tan, Loh Teng Hern, Lee, Learn Han, Manickam, Sivakumar, Goh, Bey Hing, Tan, Khang Wei, and Tang, Siah Ying
- Abstract
In this study, ultrasonically driven biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Swietenia macrophyllaseed ethyl acetate fraction (SMEAF) has been reported. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirmed the presence of a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. Field emission scanning electron microscope images revealed the formation of uniquely identifiable uniform rice-shaped biologically synthesized ZnOSMEAFparticles. The particle sizes of the biosynthesized NPs ranged from 262 to 311 nm. The underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis of ZnOSMEAFunder ultrasound have been proposed based on FTIR and XRD results. The anticancer activity of the as-prepared ZnOSMEAFwas investigated against HCT-116 human colon cancer cell lines viamethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. ZnOSMEAFexhibited significant anticancer activity against colon cancer cells with higher potency than ZnO particles prepared using the chemical method and SMEAF alone. Exposure of HCT-116 colon cancer cells to ZnOSMEAFpromoted a remarkable reduction in cell viability in all the tested concentrations. This study suggests that green sonochemically induced ZnO NPs using medicinal plant extract could be a potential anticancer agent for biomedical applications.
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- 2021
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9. Impact of Ultrasonication on the Oxidative Stability of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions: Investigations into Kinetics and Strategies to Control Lipid Oxidation
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Ganguly, Mahima, Debraj, Devangshi, Mazumder, Nirmal, Carpenter, Jitendra, Manickam, Sivakumar, and Pandit, Aniruddha Bhalchandra
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Ultrasonication has emerged as a promising and effective technique for generating nanoscale oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, offering enhanced physical stability and superior encapsulation activity for various bioactive molecules. Despite its numerous advantages, the impact of the chemical effects of ultrasonic cavitation on the chemical (oxidative) stability of O/W emulsions has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on addressing this gap and comprehending the mechanism of lipid oxidation during the ultrasonic emulsification process. To assess the extent of degradation, the peroxide value (PV) was determined under different ultrasonic conditions (power and time) and monitored throughout the storage to elucidate the kinetics involved. The results indicated that ultrasonication induced lipid oxidation in the emulsions by generating free radicals, leading to a significant increase in PV during storage, particularly under intense sonication conditions. Further investigations explored effective strategies to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsions. It was observed that the PV decreased by 89 and 42% by altering the emulsifier and oil, respectively. Additionally, incorporating an antioxidant resulted in a 17% decrease in PV. In conclusion, for ultrasonically prepared emulsions, it is advisable to use emulsifiers based on long-chain molecules to enhance stability and prolong the shelf life of encapsulated materials.
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- 2024
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10. Influence of extraction technologies on the therapeutic properties of Pleurotus spp. (oyster mushrooms) – A critical review.
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Amirullah, Nur Amalina, Abdullah, Erlina, Zainal Abidin, Nurhayati, Abdullah, Noorlidah, and Manickam, Sivakumar
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PLEUROTUS ostreatus ,EDIBLE mushrooms ,PLEUROTUS ,EXTRACTION techniques ,METABOLITES ,CULTIVATED mushroom ,PSILOCYBIN - Abstract
Mushrooms possess therapeutic attributes such as anti-cancer, immunomodulation, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotection, and antidiabetic effects. In the family Pleurotaceae , Pleurotus spp. is the second most important commercial mushroom. The most widely cultivated Pleurotus spp. is Pleurotus ostreatus , followed by Pleurotus pulmonarius. Several bioactive compounds of Pleurotus spp., such as carbohydrates, glycoproteins, lipids, or secondary metabolites, could be attributed to its health properties. However, in most studies focusing on the therapeutic effects of Pleurotus spp., traditional extraction methods were used to obtain its extracts. Most conventional extraction methods, such as maceration, hot water extraction, and Soxhlet extraction, can be time-consuming and require a larger volume of solvents. Alternative extraction methods often have shorter extraction times, decreased solvent volume, and sometimes allow for the extraction of thermolabile constituents. This review discusses the bioactive compounds of Pleurotus mushrooms, highlights important considerations for extraction processes, explores both conventional and alternative extraction techniques to obtain bioactive compounds from Pleurotus spp., discusses their advantages and limitations, as well as evaluates their impact on extract bioactivities and therapeutic properties. [Display omitted] • Pleurotus spp. are among the most widely cultivated and consumed mushrooms. • Bioactive compounds in Pleurotus are mostly extracted by conventional methods. • Alternative methods using reduced extraction time, temperature and solvent is key. • These efficient and eco-friendly methods can target selected compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches
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Yan, Yuxin, Nashath, Fathima Zahra, Chen, Sharon, Manickam, Sivakumar, Lim, Siew Shee, Zhao, Haitao, Lester, Edward, Wu, Tao, and Pang, Cheng Heng
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Graphene is an advanced carbon functional material with inherent unique properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. It can be synthesized through either the top–down approach involving delamination of graphitic materials or the bottom–up approach involving graphene assembly from smaller building units. Common top–down approaches are exfoliation and reduction while bottom–up approaches include chemical vapour deposition, epitaxial growth, and pyrolysis. A range of materials have been successfully used as precursors in various synthesis methods to derive graphene. This review analyses and discusses the suitability of conventional, plant- and animal-derived, chemical, and fossil precursors for graphene synthesis. Together with its associated technical feasibility and economic and environmental impacts, the quality of resultant graphene is critically assessed and discussed. After evaluating the parameters mentioned above, the most appropriate synthesis method for each precursor is identified. While graphite is currently the most common precursor for graphene synthesis, several other precursors have the potential to synthesize graphene of comparable, if not better, quality and yield. Thus, this review provides an overview and insights into identifying the potential of various carbon precursors for large-scale and commercial production of fit-for-purpose graphene for specific applications.
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- 2020
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12. Fabrication, characterization, antimicrobial, toxicity and potential drug-delivery studies of PEGylated Sesamum indicumoil based nanoemulsion system
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Bamisaye, Abayomi, Eromosele, Catherine O., Dare, Enock O., Akinloye, Oluseyi A., Idowu, Mopelola A., Ighodaro, Osasenaga M., and Manickam, Sivakumar
- Abstract
Background: The actively mutating properties of disease-causing pathogens and GI intolerance associated with certain antibiotics among other challenges necessitated the adoption of colloidal system for drug delivery. Nanoemulsions (Ciprofloxacin (Cp) -loaded and non-drug loaded) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method, characterized using Cryo-TEM, FTIR and Zetasizer. Antimicrobial activities were carried out using agar well diffusion method on Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Bacillus subtilis. The in-vitro and dermal toxicological assessment were carried out using adult Wistar rats. Results: The Cryo-TEM micrographs showed spherical morphology while zetasizer results showed polydispersity index (PDI), mean droplet size and zeta potential (ZP) of 0.553, 124.3 ± 0.29 nm and − 15.3 mV respectively for non-drug loaded sesame oil-based emulsion (SOAB). While 0.295, 244.8 ± 0.33 nm and − 5.54 mV were recorded for Cp-loaded sesame oil-based emulsion (SOAB + Cp). The effective voltage charge of the emulsions was 147.4 V. FTIR results of Cp recorded O–H adsorption value of 3429 cm
−1 , while SOAB and SOAB + Cp showed superimposition at 3427.76 cm−1 showing no drug-excipient interactions. No skin irritation was observed after 14 days of skin corrosion assessment. No significant difference (p> 0.05) in body weight gain of both test and control animals, the treatment did not cause any observable alterations in blood-chemistry parameters and hematological indices. Photomicrographs of liver and heart shows an uncompromised histological architecture. Conclusion: The finding of the study shows a skin friendly, nanosized, spherical negatively charged emulsion with no cardiotoxic, hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects on Wistar rats, and as such appears promising as a safe vehicle for drug delivery. Graphical Abstract:- Published
- 2023
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13. Influence of extraction technologies on the therapeutic properties of Pleurotusspp. (oyster mushrooms) – A critical review
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Amirullah, Nur Amalina, Abdullah, Erlina, Zainal Abidin, Nurhayati, Abdullah, Noorlidah, and Manickam, Sivakumar
- Abstract
Mushrooms possess therapeutic attributes such as anti-cancer, immunomodulation, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotection, and antidiabetic effects. In the family Pleurotaceae, Pleurotusspp. is the second most important commercial mushroom. The most widely cultivated Pleurotusspp. is Pleurotus ostreatus, followed by Pleurotus pulmonarius.Several bioactive compounds of Pleurotusspp., such as carbohydrates, glycoproteins, lipids, or secondary metabolites, could be attributed to its health properties. However, in most studies focusing on the therapeutic effects of Pleurotusspp., traditional extraction methods were used to obtain its extracts. Most conventional extraction methods, such as maceration, hot water extraction, and Soxhlet extraction, can be time-consuming and require a larger volume of solvents. Alternative extraction methods often have shorter extraction times, decreased solvent volume, and sometimes allow for the extraction of thermolabile constituents. This review discusses the bioactive compounds of Pleurotusmushrooms, highlights important considerations for extraction processes, explores both conventional and alternative extraction techniques to obtain bioactive compounds from Pleurotusspp., discusses their advantages and limitations, as well as evaluates their impact on extract bioactivities and therapeutic properties.
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- 2023
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14. Influence of EFB-based biochar on complete removal of TSS and decolorization of palm-oil-mill-effluent (POME)
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Ketabchi, Mohammad Reza, Manickam, Sivakumar, Mohammed, Rafie Rushdy, and McKay, Gordon
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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) after the anaerobic digestion process has been carried out using biochar as an adsorbent to reduce its initial color intensity, and the total suspended solids (TSS). Biochars derived from empty oil palm fruit bunches (EFBs) were produced through pyrolysis at 700°C. About 95% color reduction and 100% TSS removal were observed after 24 h of contact time with 5 g biochar/50 ml POME. It has been observed that the pH and the duration of treatment played an important role in the adsorption process. The equilibrium adsorption data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics of adsorption of suspended solids and color on the biochars were found to correlate with the pseudo-second-order model, with a correlation coefficient of R2> 0.99. Considering the high efficiency of the adsorbent in decreasing the color and TSS concentration, the EFB-based biosorbent is an environmentally-friendly biomass material that may be encouraged for use in waste management for resource and reuse.
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- 2017
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15. Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of β-d-glucan polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidumfor prospective scale-up
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Alzorqi, Ibrahim, Singh, Ajit, Manickam, Sivakumar, and Al-Qrimli, Haidar F.
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- 2017
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16. Induction of lignin and pathogenesis related proteins in dragon fruit plants in response to submicron chitosan dispersions.
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Ali, Asgar, Zahid, Noosheen, Manickam, Sivakumar, Siddiqui, Yasmeen, Alderson, Peter G., and Maqbool, Mehdi
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PLANT cell walls ,PLANT proteins ,PLANT defenses ,LIGNINS ,CHITOSAN ,IN vitro studies ,PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Chitosan is capable of triggering the induction of defence responses of the plants. This study was carried out to investigate in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of submicron chitosan dispersions and also to determine the mechanism of induced resistance in dragon fruit plants by strengthening of cell wall and production of pathogenesis related proteins. Highest inhibition in radial mycelial growth (90.2%) was obtained by 600 nm droplet size at 1.0% chitosan concentration. None of the emulsifiers showed any antifungal effect during in vitro studies. Field studies showed the reduction of 22% disease incidence and 66% disease severity in anthracnose on dragon fruit plants treated with 600 nm droplet size as compared to control plants after one month of assessment. Lignin contents in cell wall of dragon fruit plants increased 2 folds in plants treated with 1.0% chitosan at 600 nm droplet size while 11 and 10 folds increase in β -1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity, respectively was also recorded in the plants inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . The accumulation of lignin and higher level activity of pathogenesis related proteins in response to submicron chitosan dispersions may bolster in mounting effective resistance against the devastating disease of anthracnose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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17. Efficacy of curative applications of submicron chitosan dispersions on anthracnose intensity and vegetative growth of dragon fruit plants.
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Zahid, Noosheen, Ali, Asgar, Manickam, Sivakumar, Siddiqui, Yasmeen, Alderson, Peter G., and Maqbool, Mehdi
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CHITOSAN ,ANTHRACNOSE ,PLANT growth ,DROSOPHILA suzukii ,PLANT shoots ,ANTIFUNGAL agents - Abstract
Abstract: The antifungal potential of submicron chitosan dispersions (SCD) and its effect on the vegetative growth of dragon fruit plants were studied under field conditions. There was a reduction in disease incidence (15.65%) with a severity score of 1.60 in plants treated with SCD of 600 nm droplet size of 1.0% chitosan compared to the control plants. Moreover, a significant increase was also observed among the treatments in terms of number of shoots per cutting, stem diameter and shoot length. However, the highest number of shoots (19), maximum stem diameter (0.23 m) and maximum stem length (2.80 m) were observed in plants treated with SCD of 600 nm droplet size of 1.0% chitosan. Similarly, chlorophyll content were also high in plants receiving SCD of 600 nm droplet size of 1.0% chitosan. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results that, instead of applying chitosan in the conventional form, it can be more effective as an antifungal agent as well as plant growth enhancer when applied in the form of submicron dispersions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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18. Generationand Optimization of Palm Oil-Based Oil-in-Water(O/W) Submicron-Emulsionsand Encapsulation of Curcumin Using a Liquid Whistle HydrodynamicCavitation Reactor (LWHCR).
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Parthasarathy, Shridharan, Siah Ying, Tang, and Manickam, Sivakumar
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- 2013
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19. Green High-GravitationalSynthesis of Silver NanoparticlesUsing a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor (RPBR).
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Ng, Chee Meng, Chen, Pao Chi, and Manickam, Sivakumar
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- 2012
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20. Fabrication of Zinc Ferrite Nanocrystals by Sonochemical Emulsification and Evaporation: Observation of Magnetization and Its Relaxation at Low Temperature.
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Manickam Sivakumar, Tsuyoshi Takami, Hiroshi Ikuta, Atsuya Towata, Kyuichi Yasui, Toru Tuziuti, Teruyuki Kozuka, Dipten Bhattacharya, and Yasuo Iida
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- 2006
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21. Laser–material interaction and grooving performance in ultrafast laser ablation of crystalline germanium under ambient conditions
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Manickam, Sivakumar, Wang, Jun, and Huang, Chuanzhen
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Microgrooving on crystalline germanium (Ge) <100> surface using 1064 nm wavelength ultrafast laser pulses under ambient condition is investigated. The interaction of laser and target material and the influence of processing parameters such as laser power, pulse repetition rate and scan speed on the groove dimensions and surface roughness are studied. For the laser radiation fluence range used (0.4–0.8 J/cm2), material removal is primarily controlled by optical penetration depth. The depth and width of grooves increase with laser power. In multipulse irradiation, heat accumulation due to residual thermal energy from successive laser pulses results in a greater material removal. Furthermore, groove depth and width decrease as the pulse repetition rate increases from 0.5 to 2 MHz, due to the decrease in pulse energy with an increase in repetition rate causing ablation threshold fluence to move towards the central portion of the Gaussian pulse. Surface roughness has not shown significant changes for the parameters used in this study. A micro-Raman analysis of groove surfaces reveals a change in the crystallinity of the Ge due to laser irradiation.
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- 2013
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22. Ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation of Ag–Co nanoparticles on cellulose nanofibers: Enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol.
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Landge, Vividha K., Sonawane, Shirish H., Manickam, Sivakumar, Bhaskar Babu, G.Uday, and Boczkaj, Grzegorz
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CELLULOSE acetate ,CATALYTIC hydrogenation ,BIMETALLIC catalysts ,ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,CELLULOSE ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
In this study, a novel nanocomposite of bimetallic Ag–Co nanoparticles supported on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesised using the ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation method for catalytic applications. CNFs were prepared from cellulose acetate using the electrospinning technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CNFs. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) revealed a uniform dispersion of Ag and Co metals on the CNFs. At the same time, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the highly crystalline nature of the as-produced composite. The hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was used to study the efficiency of the synthesised nanocomposite. The progress of the reaction was examined via UV–visible spectroscopy. It was noted that Ag-Co nanoparticles supported on CNFs catalysed the hydrogenation of 4-NP (0.1 mM) to 4-aminophenol within just 110 s with an apparent rate constant of 0.0172 s
−1 . This study proved that the obtained catalysts have superior stability and reusability with about 100% conversion up to 5 cycles. The excellent activity of the as-synthesised Ag-Co/CNFs nanocomposites makes it a promising nanocatalyst for catalytic applications. [Display omitted] • An ecological, cellulose based Ag–Co/CNF nanocomposite catalyst was developed. • Uniform distribution of spherical Ag and Co nanoparticles (15 nm) over CNF were obtained. • Catalytic potential of the as-prepared catalyst was tested for the 4-NP hydrogenation. • Complete conversion of 4-NP with k app = 0.0172 s−1 within 110 s was obtained. • The nanocomposite offers better stability and efficiency even up to five cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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23. The ultrasound extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél alleviates metabolic syndromes in hyperlipidaemic Wistar-Kyoto rats fed with a high-fat diet.
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Amirullah, Nur Amalina, Zainal Abidin, Nurhayati, Abdullah, Noorlidah, and Manickam, Sivakumar
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ULTRASONIC imaging ,RATS ,HIGH-fat diet ,METABOLIC syndrome ,PLEUROTUS ostreatus - Abstract
A diet high in fat content is one of the contributing factors to developing cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide. The ethanolic extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél (Grey Oyster mushroom) prepared using ultrasound (50 min, 140 W) was previously shown to possess in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the cellular model using murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). However, no studies have explored the in vivo effects of the extract in animal models. In this context, in this study, Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed with a high-fat diet to develop metabolic syndromes. The rats were simultaneously treated with the ultrasonic extract of P. pulmonarius. The acute oral toxicity test showed that the extract was non-toxic towards Wistar-Kyoto rats. Rats treated with the ultrasound extract of P. pulmonarius at a high dose (500 mg/kg bw) had decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride, at 2.20 mmol/L and 0.41 mmol/L, respectively. These rats had elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 2.24 mmol/L. The rats treated with a high dose of P. pulmonarius extract had lowered lipid peroxidation, with MDA levels of only 6.34 mmol/mg protein, and had inhibited inflammatory biomarkers, NF-κB2 (0.62 ng/mL), STAT3 (0.48 ng/mL), and CREB1 (1.40 pmol/mL). This is the first report demonstrating in vivo effects of the ultrasound extract of P. pulmonarius. It illustrates the hypolipidaemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the ultrasound extract of P. pulmonarius. Also, it exhibits its effectiveness in reducing the negative effects of a high-fat diet in Wistar-Kyoto rats. [Display omitted] • Ethanolic extract of P. pulmonarius was obtained using ultrasound (50 min, 140 W). • Ultrasound extract of P. pulmonarius was non-toxic towards Wistar-Kyoto rats. • A high dose (500 mg/kg bw) of ultrasound extract decreased the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipid peroxidation levels in rats. • High and low (200 mg/kg bw) doses of ultrasound extract inhibited levels of NF‑κB2, STAT3, and CREB1 in rats. • This is the first report of the effects of the ultrasonic extract of P. pulmonarius on an animal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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24. Description and detection of excludons as transcriptional regulators in gram-positive, gram-negative and archaeal strains of prokaryotes.
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Chia, Jing Yi, Khoo, Kuan Shiong, Ling, Tau Chuan, Croft, Larry, Manickam, Sivakumar, Yap, Yee Jiun, and Show, Pau Loke
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GRAM-positive bacteria ,ARCHAEBACTERIA ,PROTEIN expression ,NUCLEIC acids ,PROKARYOTES - Abstract
Recent major studies have highlighted a newly discovered paradigm termed the "excludon", which are overlapping transcripts that produce anticorrelated protein expression. These antisense overlapping transcripts are believed to act as common regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes. Current research prevalence of excludons has only been demonstrated in Gram-positive bacteria and has not been explored in any Gram-negative or archaeal prokaryotes. To overcome this limitation, it is important to determine the frequency of excludons across all prokaryote domains in order to confirm its regulatory role in prokaryotes. With the recent advances in next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to define nucleic acid populations at an unprecedented depth and resolution. This study involves the evaluation of bioinformatics as a novel method to identify potential excludons and to investigate the occurrence of excludons in both bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and archaeal strains. The paradigm of the excludons is mathematically represented using the Heaviside function to facilitate the identification of excludons with the help of computational algorithms. Based on the results, these excludons are likely to be common in both bacteria and archaea and may be a common regulatory system in prokaryotes. • Utilization of bioinformatics as a novel method to identify potential excludons. • Investigation of the occurrence of excludons in both bacterial and archaeal strains. • Mathematical modelling of paradigm of the excludons using the Heaviside function. • Identification of excludons with the help of computational algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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25. Application of ultrasound towards improving the composition of phenolic compounds and enhancing in vitro bioactivities of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél extracts.
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Amirullah, Nur Amalina, Zainal Abidin, Nurhayati, Abdullah, Noorlidah, and Manickam, Sivakumar
- Subjects
LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,PHENOLS ,MICROBUBBLE diagnosis ,QUADRUPOLE ion trap mass spectrometry ,PLEUROTUS ,HYDROXYBENZOIC acid - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of conventional (Soxhlet) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extractions on the composition, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél (grey oyster mushroom) extracts. The ultrasound extract E0 (40 min, 300 W) demonstrated the highest antioxidant ability in the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (11.07 mg/g GAE). In comparison, ultrasound extract E3 (30 min, 140 W) showed the highest antioxidant activity in the reducing power assay (0.23 absorbance unit). The E2 extract (50 min, 140 W) had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at 15.83%, while the E1 extract (30 min, 460 W) had the best lipid peroxidation inhibition (MDA level of only 7.44 μg/mg LDL). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) showed the presence of various phenolic compounds in the Soxhlet and UAE extracts, but hydroxybenzoic acids were found only in the UAE extracts. The UAE extract E2, even at 6.25 μg/mL, showed superior anti-inflammatory activity in its ability to significantly suppress the production of nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells, RAW 264.7. UAE extracts E2 and E3 also showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, as both suppressed NF-κB. Most of the reported studies so far employed conventional techniques to obtain P. pulmonarius extracts, but ultrasound is a greener alternative option as it shortened extraction time, lowered extraction temperature, and reduced solvent consumption. The application of ultrasound for the extraction of bioactive compounds improved the composition of extracts as well as the bioactivities of P. pulmonarius. Image 1 • Soxhlet and ultrasound extraction techniques were compared to extract bioactive compounds of Pleurotus pulmonarius. • Ultrasound extracts demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. • The tests included Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH-radical scavenging, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation assays. • In vitro cell work was done using LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells, RAW 264.7. • Ultrasound extracts showed superior anti-inflammatory activities by decreasing nitric oxide levels and NF-κB activation. • Ultrasound enhanced the types of metabolites in the ethanolic extracts of P. pulmonarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation of Ag–Co nanoparticles on cellulose nanofibers: Enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol
- Author
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Landge, Vividha K., Sonawane, Shirish H., Manickam, Sivakumar, Bhaskar Babu, G.Uday, and Boczkaj, Grzegorz
- Abstract
In this study, a novel nanocomposite of bimetallic Ag–Co nanoparticles supported on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesised using the ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation method for catalytic applications. CNFs were prepared from cellulose acetate using the electrospinning technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CNFs. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) revealed a uniform dispersion of Ag and Co metals on the CNFs. At the same time, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the highly crystalline nature of the as-produced composite. The hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was used to study the efficiency of the synthesised nanocomposite. The progress of the reaction was examined via UV–visible spectroscopy. It was noted that Ag-Co nanoparticles supported on CNFs catalysed the hydrogenation of 4-NP (0.1 mM) to 4-aminophenol within just 110 s with an apparent rate constant of 0.0172 s−1. This study proved that the obtained catalysts have superior stability and reusability with about 100% conversion up to 5 cycles. The excellent activity of the as-synthesised Ag-Co/CNFs nanocomposites makes it a promising nanocatalyst for catalytic applications.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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