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Abstract: The aim of our study was to find the cause of urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement with modified ileal neobladder (Reddy). Twenty-eight incontinent patients (operated on between 1988 and 2004) were involved in our examination. Based on the complaints of the patients, continence status was evaluated and divided into two groups: group I: partially incontinent (only night-time incontinence) n = 11 (39.3%) and group II: totally incontinent (night-time and daytime incontinence) n = 17 (60.7%). Detailed urodynamic examination (enterocystometry and urethral pressure profile) in addition to involuntary neobladder contractions and capacity detection were carried out on all patients. Furthermore resting pressure and maximal voluntary contraction ability of the sphincter were determined and statistically analyzed in both groups. Significant difference was noticed in resting pressure and maximal voluntary contraction ability of the sphincter among the partially incontinent and totally incontinent patients. Frequency, intensity and duration of involuntary neobladder contractions also showed significant differences between the two groups. Incontinence of neobladder depends not only on the destruction of resting and contraction capability of the urethral sphincter, but also on the presence or absence of involuntary contractions in the wall of the neobladder and decreased capacity of the neobladder.

Abstract: The authors report on their first experiences with the UroVysion fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) kit developed for the detection of bladder cancer. This new non-invasive diagnostic application of the FISH technique in the field of urology was elaborated to replace cystoscopy. The special urine examination method detects genetic alterations of the urothelial cells found in the urine, using fluorescent directlabeled DNA probes binding to the peri-centromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7 and 17 as well as on the 9p21 locus. We aimed to evaluate the utility of UroVysion test in the light of the histological diagnosis. Urine samples from 43 bladder cancer patients and 12 patients with no or benign alterations were studied using a new application of FISH technique: the UroVysion reagent kit. The obtained FISH results were compared with the histological findings of the transurethral surgical resection specimens. The study rated the specificity and sensitivity of the technique 100% and 87%, respectively. Therefore, the technique could well fit into the diagnostic process of bladder carcinomas. Statistical analyses showed significant correlation between tumor progression and the severity of the genetic alterations detected by this FISH technique. Furthermore, positive correlation was found between tumor grade and the proportion of tumor cells showing genetic abnormality. The noninvasiveness, the robustness of evaluation and the high specificity/sensitivity are all in favor of this technique. The disadvantages are the higher costs of the technical background and the required future clinical studies to determine whether this technique can replace cystoscopy.