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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis and have achieved promising results. However, due to interference from cage rotation frequency, diagnostic outcomes based on weak magnetic signals and traditional CNNs are often affected. To address this issue, this article proposes a method based on uniform phase intrinsic time-scale decomposition (UPITD). By analyzing the correlation between weak magnetic signals and cage rotation frequency in the time domain, the method effectively separates fault signals from cage rotational signals. In addition, the input size and convolution kernel size in traditional CNNs are typically designed based on empirical values, which may not be optimal. Therefore, this article determines the CNN input size based on the physical characteristics of weak magnetic signals and optimizes the convolution kernel size using the decay rate of exponential function envelopes, further improving diagnostic accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method, based on UPITD and CNN, achieves a fault detection accuracy of greater than or equal to 99.34% across various bearing fault types, with a standard deviation of 0.002, which is significantly superior to traditional vibration-based methods. These results demonstrate the superiority and reliability of the proposed approach in bearing fault diagnosis.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a DNA-binding protein that is involved in various biological functions, including DNA damage repair and transcription regulation. It plays a crucial role in cisplatin resistance. Nevertheless, the exact regulatory pathways governing PARP1 have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we present evidence suggesting that the hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) may exert regulatory control over PARP1. HBXIP functions as a transcriptional coactivator and is positively associated with PARP1 expression in tissues obtained from hepatoma patients in clinical settings, and its high expression promotes cisplatin resistance in hepatoma. We discovered that the oncogene HBXIP increases the level of PARP1 m6A modification by upregulating the RNA methyltransferase WTAP, leading to the accumulation of the PARP1 protein. In this process, on the one hand, HBXIP jointly activates the transcription factor ETV5, promoting the activation of the WTAPpromoter and further facilitating the promotion of the m6A modification of PARP1 by WTAP methyltransferase, enhancing the RNA stability of PARP1. On the other hand, HBXIP can also jointly activate the transcription factor CEBPA, enhance the activity of the PARP1promoter, and promote the upregulation of PARP1 expression, ultimately leading to enhanced DNA damage repair capability and promoting cisplatin resistance in hepatoma. Notably, aspirin inhibits HBXIP, thereby reducing the expression of PARP1. Overall, our research revealed a novel mechanism for increasing PARP1 abundance, and aspirin therapy could overcome cisplatin resistance in hepatoma.

The regiocontrol in constructing benzo-fused five-membered rings by C–H cyclization remains an important challenge. We report a highly general and regioselective methodology to access such heterocycles and indenones, where under the catalysis of CoBr2/bipyridine, aryl titanates, alkynes and EX2(E = NR, S(O), RP(O), R2Si, CO, etc.) were assembled to various heterocycles and indenones in a modular manner. Unprecedented 1,2-Co/Ti heterobimetallic arylene and benzotitanole intermediates have played crucial roles in these syntheses.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly contagious viral disease, which leads to severe financial losses in the breeding industry worldwide. Presently, PRV is mainly controlled using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. However, these vaccines have an innate tendency to lose their structural conformation upon exposure to environmental and chemical stressors and cannot provide full protection against the emerging prevalent PRV variants. In this work, first, we synthesized aminated ZIF-7/8 nanoparticles (NPs), and then chemical bond-coated alginate dialdehyde (ADA, a type of dioxide alginate saccharide) on their surface viaSchiff base reaction to obtain ZIF-7/8-ADA NPs. The as-fabricated ZIF-7/8-ADA NPs exhibited high stability, monodispersity and a high loading ratio of antigen. Furthermore, the ZIF-7/8-ADA NPs showed good biocompatibility in vitroand in vivo. Using ZIF-7/8-ADA NPs as an adjuvant and inactivated PRV as a model antigen, we constructed a PR vaccine through a simple mixture. The immunity studies indicated that ZIF-7/8-ADA induced an enhancement in the Th1/Th2 immune response, which was superior to that of the commercial ISA201, alum adjuvant and ZIF-7/8. Due to the pH-sensitive release of the antigen in lysosomes, the as-prepared PR vaccine subsequently accelerated the antigen presentation and improved the immune responses in vitroand in vivo. The results of PRV challenge using mice as the model demonstrated that ZIF-7/8-ADA achieved the same preventive effect as the commercial ISA201 and was much better than the alum adjuvant, and thus can serve as a promising delivery system and adjuvant to enhance humoral and cellular responses against PRV infection.

C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) triggers the death of multiple cancers viaendoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of CHOP in liver cancer remain elusive. We have reported that late endosomal/lysosomal adapter, mitogen-activated protein kinase and mTOR activator 5 (LAMTOR5) suppresses apoptosis in various cancers. Here, we show that the transcriptional and posttranscriptional inactivation of CHOP mediated by LAMTOR5 accelerates liver cancer growth. Clinical bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of CHOP was low in liver cancer tissues and that its increased expression predicted a good prognosis. Elevated CHOP contributed to destruction of LAMTOR5-induced apoptotic suppression and proliferation. Mechanistically, LAMTOR5-recruited DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to the CpG3 region (−559/−429) of the CHOP promoter and potentiated its hypermethylation to block its interaction with general transcription factor IIi (TFII-I), resulting in its inactivation. Moreover, LAMTOR5-enhanced miR-182/miR-769 reduced CHOP expression by targeting its 3’UTR. Notably, lenvatinib, a first-line targeted therapy for liver cancer, could target the LAMTOR5/CHOP axis to prevent liver cancer progression. Accordingly, LAMTOR5-mediated silencing of CHOP viathe regulation of ER stress-related apoptosis promotes liver cancer growth, providing a theoretical basis for the use of lenvatinib for the treatment of liver cancer.

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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was used to predict the human pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interaction (DDI) of GDC-2394. PBPK models were developed using in vitro and in vivo data to reflect the oral and intravenous PK profiles of mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. The learnings from preclinical PBPK models were applied to a human PBPK model for prospective human PK predictions. The prospective human PK predictions were within 3-fold of the clinical data from the first-in-human study, which was used to optimize and validate the PBPK model and subsequently used for DDI prediction. Based on the majority of PBPK modeling scenarios using the in vitro CYP3A induction data (mRNA and activity), GDC-2394 was predicted to have no-to-weak induction potential at 900 mg twice daily (BID). Calibration of the induction mRNA and activity data allowed for the convergence of DDI predictions to a narrower range. The plasma concentrations of the 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4β-HC) were measured in the multiple ascending dose study to assess the hepatic CYP3A induction risk. There was no change in plasma 4β-HC concentrations after 7 days of GDC-2394 at 900 mg BID. A dedicated DDI study found that GDC-2394 has no induction effect on midazolam in humans, which was reflected by the totality of predicted DDI scenarios. This work demonstrates the prospective utilization of PBPK for human PK and DDI prediction in early drug development of GDC-2394. PBPK modeling accompanied with CYP3A biomarkers can serve as a strategy to support clinical pharmacology development plans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work presents the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for prospective human pharmacokinetic (PK) and drug–drug interaction (DDI) prediction in early drug development. The strategy taken in this report represents a framework to incorporate various approaches including calibration of in vitro induction data and consideration of CYP3A biomarkers to inform on the overall CYP3A-related DDI risk of GDC-2394.

A new type of hybrid GDM composed of polysulfone (PSF) blended with inorganic mesostructured silicon (SBA-15)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PSF/SBA-g-P(PEGMA)) was developed viathe non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The introduction of hydrophilic SBA-g-P(PEGMA) manipulated the evolution of internal finger-like macrovoids and surface strip-shaped pore structures and promoted membrane surface wettability. The gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution demonstrated that the hybrid membranes exhibited enhanced stable flux and alleviated the normalized flux decline. In particular, when the addition amount of SBA-g-P(PEGMA) was 3 wt%, the stable flux was 5.5 times that of the pristine PSF membrane and the normalized flux decline rate was only 49%. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed that hydrophilic SBA-g-P(PEGMA) could facilitate the formation of a sparse BSA cake layer. In addition, the BSA filtration experiment at different hydrostatic heights implied that the incorporated SBA-g-P(PEGMA) could relieve the inhibition effect of high hydrostatic pressure on flux stabilization. The GDM filtration tests of natural water for 30 days further indicated that the hybrid membranes provided highly stable flux and high separation performance. This study suggested that the application potential of blending modification with hydrophilic functionalized mesoporous silicon is highlighted in getting through the bottleneck of the GDM system.

Emotional distress (ED), commonly characterized by symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, is prevalent in patients with cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that ED can impair antitumor immune responses, but few clinical studies have explored its relationship with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here we report results from cohort 1 of the prospective observational STRESS-LUNG study, which investigated the association between ED and clinical efficacy of first-line treatment of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ED was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. The study included 227 patients with 111 (48.9%) exhibiting ED who presented depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5) and/or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item score ≥5) symptoms at baseline. On the primary endpoint analysis, patients with baseline ED exhibited a significantly shorter median progression-free survival compared with those without ED (7.9 months versus 15.5 months, hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 2.43, P= 0.002). On the secondary endpoint analysis, ED was associated with lower objective response rate (46.8% versus 62.1%, odds ratio 0.54, P= 0.022), reduced 2-year overall survival rate of 46.5% versus 64.9% (hazard ratio for death 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 2.97, P= 0.016) and detriments in quality of life. The exploratory analysis indicated that the ED group showed elevated blood cortisol levels, which was associated with adverse survival outcomes. This study suggests that there is an association between ED and worse clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with ICIs, highlighting the potential significance of addressing ED in cancer management. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05477979.

Infertility is a challenging health problem that affects 8–15% of couples worldwide. Establishing pregnancy requires successful embryo implantation, but about 85% of unsuccessful pregnancies are due to embryo implantation failure or loss soon after. Factors crucial for successful implantation include invasive blastocysts, receptive endometrium, invasion of trophoblast cells, and regulation of immune tolerance at the maternal–fetal interface. Maternal–fetal crosstalk, which relies heavily on protein–protein interactions, is a critical factor in implantation that involves multiple cellular communication and molecular pathways. Glycosylation, a protein modification process, is closely related to cell growth, adhesion, transport, signal transduction, and recognition. Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in maternal–fetal crosstalk and can be divided into N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, which are often terminated by sialylation or fucosylation. This review article examines the role of protein glycosylation in maternal–fetal crosstalk based on two transcriptome datasets from the GEO database (GSE139087 and GSE113790) and existing research, particularly in the context of the mechanism of protein glycosylation and embryo implantation. Dysregulation of protein glycosylation can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as missed abortion and recurrent spontaneous abortion, underscoring the importance of a thorough understanding of protein glycosylation in the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders. This knowledge could have significant clinical implications, leading to the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these conditions.Graphical Abstract

This paper examines the impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on the subsistence consumption of rural households in China. We find that rural residents in areas with well-developed DIF tend to have greater subsistence consumption. Channel analyses show that such tendencies can be explained by the income growth effectand vulnerability mitigation effectassociated with DIF. The income growth effectoccurs as the development of DIF promotes rural residents’ income. Income growth is stimulated via improved entrepreneurship to earn operational income or inducing rural-to-urban migration to earn wage income. Meanwhile, the observed vulnerability mitigation effectsuggests that DIF could reduce rural residents’ future income uncertainty by alleviating the impact of exogenous shocks. Furthermore, we apply Lasso algorithms to predict expected consumption, and find that the development of DIF is associated with a higher probability for overconsumptionin rural households. Such side effect occur mainly among individuals with weak time preferences. We conclude that, the development of DIF has merits, because doing so is beneficial to increasing rural residents’ economic resilience and building an inclusive, sustainable and prosperous society in the post-COVID-19 era.

The belt and road initiative development strategy proposed by Secretary General Xi Jinping is currently being carried out. The world economy will work more closely together, and the logistics industry will advance to higher level of development. In this paper, to help realize improved world-wide logistics, a decision-making platform based on global manufacturing was built from a survey and an analysis of the overall competitiveness of the logistics industry in terms of demand for logistics services and logistics service capabilities. The platform was found to offer good performance and meet the application requirements.

This study mainly studied the coagulation–flocculation behavior and floc properties of composite bioflocculant (PAFC-CBF) to treat low turbidity surface water. Results showed that compared with PAFC alone, PAFC-CBF could improve turbidity removal efficiency from 87.50% up to 92.14%, and effectively enhanced the removal effect of UV254and TOC. Moreover, the distribution of [Al + Fe] species in PAFC-CBF showed that the content of [Al + Fe]bwas the best when mass ratios of m(PAFC):m(CBF) = 20 and pH was 7. In addition, CBF contributed to the increased growth rate of flocs and flocs size. Moreover, PAFC-CBF formed denser and more porous flocs with higher recovery factor, which was easy to recovery and re-growth after breakage. And the coagulation–flocculation synergistic effect of PAFC-CBF was achieved by combining adsorption charge neutralization and adsorption bridging.

We investigated the influence of hydrogen (H) on the stability and mobility of small vacancy clusters in tungsten (W) using the first-principles calculations. It is found that the presence of H not only increases the binding energy of small vacancy clusters but also changes their most favorable configurations, owing to the strong attractive interaction between H and vacancies in W. Specifically, the binding energy of di-vacancy changes from negative to positive when the H atoms are introduced. These results suggest that the H addition can significantly promote the stability of small vacancy clusters in W. More importantly, although the migration energy barriers of H-vacancy (H-V) complexes are slightly higher than that of pure vacancy clusters, the activation energy required for complexes migration is always lower than that for dissociation. Therefore, contrary to the conventional view, the collaborative motion of H and small vacancy clusters is possible, because of the low migration energy barriers. Based on the energetic results obtained by first-principles calculations, the mean lifetime and mean diffusion distance of small H–V complexes at different temperatures are examined by the object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The small H–V complexes are found to be stable and mobile at moderate temperature, and thus may affect the co-evolution of H and vacancies. These results shed light on the important role of H on the vacancy behaviors and provide a good reference for understanding the defects evolution in W.

Background:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading gynecological cancer worldwide, yet current EC screening approaches are not satisfying. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and capability of DNA methylation analysis in cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) brush samples for EC detection. Methods:We used quantitative methylation-sensitive PCR (qMS-PCR) to determine the methylation status of candidate genes in EC tissue samples, as well as cervical Pap brushes. The ability of RASSF1A and HIST1H4F to serve as diagnostic markers for EC was then examined in cervical Pap brush samples from women with endometrial lesions of varying degrees of severity. Results:Methylated RASSF1A and HIST1H4F were found in EC tissues. Further, methylation of the two genes was also observed in cervical Pap smear samples from EC patients. Methylation levels of RASSF1A and HIST1H4F increased as endometrial lesions progressed, and cervical Pap brush samples from women affected by EC exhibited significantly higher levels of methylated RASSF1A and HIST1H4F compared to noncancerous controls (P< .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) analyses revealed RASSF1A and HIST1H4F methylation with a combined AUC of 0.938 and 0.951 for EC/pre-EC detection in cervical Pap brush samples, respectively. Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that DNA methylation analysis in cervical Pap brush samples may be helpful for EC detection, broadening the scope of the commonly used cytological screening. Our proof-of-concept study provides new insights into the field of clinical EC diagnosis.

•The multi-field coupling model is established for rising bubbles in viscous fluids.•Under the electric field the bubble movement behavior is simulated.•Compared the performance of the phase field method with the level set method.

Seeking high-performance computing methods to solve the problem of a large amount of calculation, low calculation efficiency, and small simulation scale on the traditional single central processing unit (CPU) platform is of great value to the simulation study of micro-structure. In this study, based on the three-dimensional multi-phase-field model of KKSO coupling phase-field and solute field, the open computing language (OpenCL) + graphics processing unit (GPU) heterogeneous parallel computing technology is used to simulate the eutectoid growth of Fe-C alloy and the end growth process of pearlite under pure diffusion. The effects of initial supercooling and different diffusion coefficients on the growth morphology of lamellar pearlite were investigated. The results show that ferrite and cementite are perpendicular to the front of the solid-solid interface and are coupled and coordinated to grow, and there is no leading phase under the initial supercooling degree of 20 K. With the continuous increase of the initial supercooling degree (19 K–22 K), the morphology changes of the eutectoid layer are as follows: cementite stops growing → slice amplitude increases → regular symmetric growth → oblique growth → layer merge. With the increase of the diffusion coefficient from 3×10−13m2·s−1to 15×10−13m2·s−1, the growth rate of the microstructure of the lamellar pearlite increases linearly, and there is no obvious change in the frontal appearance of the pearlite.

ABSTRACTAniline is a toxic organic pollutant and raw material in industries. In this study, the start-up of sequencing batch reactor for treating aniline wastewater was assessed and functional microbial clusters were analyzed after enrichment of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs). The aniline degradation and subsequent removal of NH4+-N mainly happened in aerobic condition, and denitrification was conducted in both anaerobic and anoxic conditions. Besides aerobic phosphorus uptake, phosphorus accumulation also occurred via DNPAOs in anoxic condition utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor. The removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP was over 91.6, 67.1, 65.0, and 79.9% respectively. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were found to be predominant at phylum level treating aniline wastewater. Blastocatella, Ferruginibacter and Clostridium were predominant strains involved in aniline degradation and Pseudomonas was enriched in the presence of aniline. Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, and Comamonas may play key roles in nitrogen removal and phosphorus accumulation with tolerance of aniline.

A novel and efficient visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization/hydrogenation cascade reaction of α-oxocarboxylic acids and 2-isocyanobiaryls has been developed. Without the need of any external photosensitizer, oxidant, and reductant, this method offers a mild and green approach for the synthesis of diverse alcohols in moderate to good yields. A mechanism indicated that an electron donor–acceptor complex-driven decarboxylation, radical addition/cyclization, and in situphotochemical reduction of ketones to alcohols could be involved in the reaction.

The mycelial pellet is a microbial aggregator formed under certain conditions. Besides the ability to secrete metabolites and adsorb a large amount of pollutants, the mycelial pellet has the characteristics of high biological activity, fast sedimentation speed, and easy solid–liquid separation. The technology of the mycelial pellet has been considered to be a promising technology for biomass utilization. To date, the mycelial pellet has been extensively studied for the production of various valuable products. Applications of mycelial pellets for microalgal biomass harvesting and wastewater treatment have also received more attention in recent years. Nevertheless, there are still some difficulties in the practical application of mycelial pellet technology. This review focuses on the characteristics, formation mechanism, formation conditions, and application research of mycelial pellets. This study provides much knowledge and information on the application technology of mycelial pellets in water pollution control, microalgae biomass harvesting, and industrial fermentation production. Problems existing in the scientific research and the main development trends of mycelial pellets are presented.

Reconstruction of Quaternary environments, late Cenozoic geodynamics and evaluation of volcanic hazards, all depend on the precise delineation of eruptive stages. In recent years, laser 40Ar/39Ar dating methods have been widely used for dating young volcanic rocks, given their stable automated testing process, very low background level and high sensitivity, which meet the requirements for precise dating of young samples. This paper applied high-precision laser 40Ar/39Ar dating to the main volcanic units in the Tengchong area and obtained ages in the range of 0.025–5.1 Ma using conventional data processing methods. However, conventional dating highlighted issues related to very low radiogenic 40Ar content, accidental errors and poor data stability, which led to huge age deviations. Moreover, lacking a unified timescale, conventional methods were unable to strictly define the stages of the Tengchong volcanic eruptions, leading to ongoing controversy. In this study, we applied a Gaussian mathematical model to deal with all 378 original ages from 13 samples. An apparent age-probability diagram, consisting of three independent waveforms, have been obtained. The corresponding isochron ages of these three waveforms suggest there were three volcanic eruptive stages, namely during the Pliocene (3.78±0.04 Ma), early Middle Pleistocene (0.63 ±0.03 Ma) and late Middle Pleistocene to early Late Pleistocene (0.139±0.005 Ma). These results accurately define eruptive stages in the Tengchong area.

This study presents the preparation of a novel inorganic-biological composite flocculant, termed PAFC-CBF, which is composed of polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and compound bioflocculant (CBF). It was investigated under different PAFC/CBF weight ratios. The turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were also investigated, when PAFC-CBF was added to the surface water. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize PAFC-CBF. Finally, floc properties including floc strength and recoverability were investigated using Mastersizer 2000. The results of the investigation indicated that CBF was successfully embedded into PAFC, forming a novel flocculant with the characteristic structure of PAFC and CBF. Considering the flocculation efficiency and economic cost, PAFC- CBF demonstrated a superior flocculation performance at the flocculant dosage of 25 mg/L, with an optimal turbidity removal efficiency of 90.28%, and a TOC removal efficiency of 26.75%. During the flocculation process, charge neutralization, adsorption bridging and sweep mechanisms served in the main role of colloidal destabilization and aggregation.

A chain complex [Dy(L)(NO3)2CH3OH]n(1) and a dinuclear compound [Dy2(L)2(NO3)4(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH (2) were synthesized by the assembly of a novel pyridine-N-oxide-containing ligand with dysprosium nitrate under different reaction temperatures, where two coordinating nitrates are located in para or ortho position with respect to each other around dysprosium ions. Magnetic studies indicate that the chain complex with two para-coordinating nitrates shows fast quantum tunnelling of the magnetization under zero direct-current field, while the dinuclear complex with two ortho-coordinating nitrates exhibits a thermal-activated process with an effective energy barrier of 51 K. Theoretical and magneto-structural correlation studies indicate that position change of coordinating nitrates can significantly modulate the crystal field around dysprosium ion and further lead to their different relaxation behaviors.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a novel iron oxide–zeolite system on the anaerobic digestion of cow manure and rice straw. The results showed that the cumulative methane yield during the 40 days of digestion with the supplementation of the newly formed additive reached as high as 394.38 mL/g of VSadd, which was 74.11% higher than that with the mixture of iron oxide and zeolite as the additive (226.51 mL/g of VSadd) and 372.85% higher than the control (83.05 mL/g of VSadd). The introduction of the iron oxide–zeolite system also brought a more stable pH condition, higher total VFA, and lower ammonia concentration. In terms of the substrate degradation, a better bioavailability of the lignocellulosic biomass has been obtained. The coenzyme F420 assay demonstrated a significantly strengthened methanogen activity by the addition of the iron oxide–zeolite system. Considering its high efficiency and good performance, the iron oxide–zeolite system can be extended to practical engineering application for biomethane production.

This study aimed to explore the determinants influencing training transfer and evaluate how those factors change over time among nurses who graduated from clinical nurse specialist training to provide a theoretical basis for improving the training transfer of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs).

Dispersing isolated active metal atoms onto the surface of “inert” metal nanoparticles proves to be particularly effective in improving the catalytic performance of bimetallic catalysts. In this contribution, a quantity called average segregation energy (SE) is proposed to predict with reasonable accuracy the structural stability of single-atom alloy (SAA) clusters of late transition metals. By formulating an expression for this energy on the basis of Friedel’s d-band model and under the tight-binding approximation, d-band filling is found to play a major role in determining the segregation behavior of all late transition metals. On the other hand, magnetism and electron correlation would greatly enhance the ability of 3d transition metals to segregate to the alloy surface, which can be explained by an improved model that includes both perturbations. Furthermore, by using the average SEs, the effect of geometrical strain is differentiated from the electronic and magnetic contributions, which, in contrast, may help to stabilize 3d transition metals in the core region by minimizing the lattice mismatch. Finally, we demonstrate that the size-dependent segregation preference has its origin in the size dependence of the electronic and structural properties of SAA clusters.