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Background Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) occurs when muscles of the pelvic floor become weakened, impaired, or experience tension leading to a variety of complications. Due to the reactive nature and high demands of many sports, athletes are at increased susceptibility and of particular interest concerning PFD. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of PFD among college-aged athletes, assess how PFD impacted athletic performance, and identify contributing factors for increased likelihood of PFD in athletes. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods All fully active LVC NCAA Division 3 athletes were recruited for screening for PFD using the Cozean Pelvic Dysfunction Screening Protocol and were surveyed on their self-knowledge of PFD. Athletes who scored > 3 on this tool completed an additional survey, created by the investigators, to identify the impact PFD had on their athletic performance and personal life and were then randomly assigned to one of three investigators to undergo a noninvasive coccygeal assessment to determine underactive, overactive, or normal pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activity. Results Fifty-three Division III male and female athletes between the ages of 18-25 years old participated in the study. Statistically significant differences were found between Cozean scores and demographic factors of age (p <0.001), gender (p <0.05), self-knowledge of PFD (p <0.001), and sport (p <0.001) among all participants that contributed to the increased likelihood of PFD. Thirteen athletes scored > 3 on the Cozean with the 92.3% experiencing under/over active PFM activity and the majority indicating that PFD significantly impacted their athletic performance and quality of life. Conclusion The results indicate that older female NCAA Division III college athletes who participate in swimming and who possess self-knowledge of PFD are more likely to experience PFD. Additionally, these athletes are likely to encounter a significant impact on their athletic performance and quality of life. These results provide preliminary evidence on the need of PFD awareness and assessment among college athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of hypopressive exercise (HE) on dynamic balance have never been studied. We aimed to study the effects of a HE program on dynamic balance, posterior chain kinematics and expiratory peak flow on female competitive roller skaters over a 6-week training period. Twenty competitive female roller-skaters (13-22 years of age, SD 2.25) performed a 30-minute HE session once weekly before the regular roller-skating practice for 6 weeks. The HE program consisted of breathing and postural awareness exercises in addition to 5 basic HE poses performed three times each. Dynamic neuromuscular control was assessed with the Y-Balance Test (YBT), posterior back chain kinematics with the sit and reach test and peak expiratory flow rate with a digital spirometer. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the measurement periods for all YBT leg directions and composite score (p ≤ 0.01). Significant differences were also revealed between baseline and after the intervention for the sit and reach test (p ≤ 0.01) and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.01). No differences in forced expiratory volume in the first second were found (p = 0.04). These preliminary findings suggest that a 6-week HE program could be a feasible neuromuscular option for training dynamic balance, posterior back chain kinematics and peak expiratory flow in female roller-skaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• In older population, changes in muscle and tendon may be associated with falls. • The decrease in the stiffness of the muscles and tendons of the lower extremities may negatively impact muscle function, joint stability, or control, and increase the older adults tendency to fall. • Clinician may be assess muscle and tendon stiffness to determine the risk of falling in the older adults Changes in muscle and tendon stiffness may lead to falls in older adults by affecting joint stability and muscle function. This study aims to investigate the changes in stiffness in lower extremity muscles and tendons in the older adults with a fall history. A cross-sectional research design was followed. 25 older adults with a fall history and 26 older adults without fall history were recruited study. Stiffness of the lower extremity muscles and tendons was measured using a MyotonPRO device. Balance and functional ability of the participants were evaluated. The stiffness of all the selected muscles and tendon was lower in the older adults with a history of fall compared to controls (p<0.05). The obtained results suggest the decrease in the stiffness of the lower extremity muscles and tendon may negatively affect muscle function and joint stability/ control, and it may increase the predisposition to falling in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the effect of a protocol targeted at the various stages of labour – with a peanut ball, positioning and pelvic mobility – on the duration of labour, pain severity, fatigue, maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes and satisfaction in parturients without analgesia? A randomised trial with concealed allocation, blinding of assessors and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred women in active labour. The experimental group received the protocol targeted at the various stages of labour, with a peanut ball, positioning and pelvic mobility, whilst the control group received usual care. The primary outcomes were the duration of labour and pain severity. The secondary outcomes were maternal fatigue, mode of delivery, risk of perineal laceration, severity of perineal laceration, use of synthetic oxytocin, satisfaction with delivery, Apgar scores, admission of the neonate to an intensive care unit and resuscitation of the neonate in the delivery room. In the active phase of labour, the numerical rating scale and maternal perception of childbirth fatigue questionnaire were applied; they were taken again when the parturient had 8 to 10 cm of dilation. The numerical rating scale was also applied postpartum to evaluate satisfaction with childbirth. The use of the protocol with a peanut ball reduced the duration of active and expulsive phases and the total duration of labour, with mean differences of 82 minutes (95% CI 41 to 125), 8 minutes (95% CI 0 to 18) and 89 minutes (95% CI 45 to 132), respectively. Maternal satisfaction was better in the experimental group: mean between-group difference on the 10-point scale was 1.1 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.8). The effects on the other outcomes were either similar between groups or unclear. A protocol with a peanut ball, positioning and pelvic mobility reduced the duration of labour and improved maternal satisfaction with childbirth. RBR-74wcnjc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the effect of a 12-week abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercise program during pregnancy on the inter-recti distance (IRD) in women with diastasis recti abdominis immediately after the 12-week intervention period and at follow-up 6 weeks postpartum? An exploratory, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. Ninety-six pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years, either primigravida or multigravida, in gestation week 24 with an IRD of ≥ 28 mm measured at rest and/or a protrusion on initial assessment. The experimental group participated in a 12-week abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercise program during pregnancy. The control group received no intervention. Change (mm) in IRD 2 cm above and below the umbilicus at rest from pre-intervention to immediately post-intervention and to 6 weeks follow-up measured with ultrasonography. The IRD increased for both groups from baseline to immediately after the intervention and decreased from after the intervention to the follow-up at 6 weeks postpartum. The IRD was smallest for both groups at the follow-up. At 2 cm above the umbilicus, the intervention effect was 2 mm (95% CI –2 to 7) immediately after the intervention and –1 mm (95% CI –4 to 3) at follow-up. At 2 cm below the umbilicus, the intervention effect was –5 mm (95% CI –10 to 0) immediately after the intervention and 0 mm (95% CI –4 to 4) at follow-up. Abdominal and pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy have a negligible effect on the IRD immediately after 12 weeks of intervention and at 6 weeks post-partum. NCT04960800. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse are offered a choice of conservative and surgical treatment options. Two thirds of women choose a vaginal pessary, a support device inserted in the vagina. This article reports the finding of a randomized controlled trial published in 2023 evaluating the cost-effectiveness of self-management of pessary compared to clinic-based care. Women were recruited in 21 centres across the UK and 340 women were randomized to pessary self-management or clinic-based care. The primary outcome measure was prolapse-specific quality of life and secondary outcomes were generic quality of life, pelvic floor symptoms, sexual function, self-efficacy, pessary complications, pessary use and pessary confidence. Participants' health care resource use was measured. The trial showed that at 18 month follow-up self-management was not associated with better or worse quality of life than clinic-based care. Women in the self-management group reported fewer pessary complications and lower healthcare resource use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to investigate the influence of muscle mass on jump height based on the stage of biological maturation. The total sample consisted of 71 male athletes with three years of minimum training experience. The athletes were divided into three groups based on biological maturation: PrePHV, MidPHV, and PostPHV. Vertical jump height was assessed using three tests: the countermovement jump (CMJ), the countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJwas), and the squat jump (SJ). The results of the interaction between muscle mass percentage (MM) and peak height velocity (PHV) indicate that the effect of MM on vertical jump variables is greater in the PrePHV and MidPHV groups compared to the PostPHV group. For the PrePHV and MidPHV groups, there was a significant increase in CMJ [b=.83, t(22)=3.77, p=.001 and b=.92, t(14)=3.70, p=.002, respectively] and SJ [b=1.11, t(22)=4.45, p< .001 and b=1.06, t(14)=3.51, p=.003, respectively] when muscle mass percentage increased by one unit, while no significant increments were apparent for the PostPHV group [b=0.71, t=1.98, p=.058 and b=0.48, t(28)=1.65, p=.111, respectively]. Additionally, when muscle mass percentage increased by one unit, the CMJwas performance significantly increased in the PrePHV [b=1.48, t(22)=4.68, p<.001], MidPHV [b=1.15, t(14)=4.59, p<.001], and PostPHV [b=.97, t(28)=2.52, p=.018] groups. This study substantiates muscle mass as an important predictor of explosive power, demonstrating a more pronounced impact in the PrePHV and MidPHV relative to the PostPHV group. The study points out the importance of considering biological maturation when understanding the relationship between muscle mass and explosive power performance in young athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. No prior research has been conducted to investigate gender differences in physiological responses of muscle oxygenation and electrical activity following pre-cooling at a controlled room temperature. Aim of Study. To determine how cold-water immersion (CWI) affected muscle oxygenation and electrical activity in amateur mini-marathon runners with different genders. Material and Methods. A total of 30 amateur young adult mini-marathon runners were randomly divided equally into two groups. The non-CWI group (n = 15) performed 5 minutes traditional dynamic stretching while the CWI group (n = 15) immersed in ice-cold water for 5 minutes. Main outcome measure(s): muscle oxygenation was measured using Moxy sensor monitor and muscle activity was recorded by electromyography. Results. CWI group showed a 20% significant increase in muscle oxygenation percentage (P = 0.02). Males experienced a 15% greater increase (P = 0.04) than females (P = 0.02). Meanwhile, females in the non-CWI group experienced significant changes in muscle oxygenation percentage, but not males. Muscle electrical activity in the CWI group decreased by 28% at all times (P = 0.02). No statistically significant differences in muscle electrical activity were found between sexes. Conclusions. CWI as pre-cooling had a more beneficial effect in increasing oxygenation and decreasing electrical activity in muscle, with males having a slightly superior result in improving muscle oxygenation after pre-cooling among amateur young adult mini-marathon runners, compared to traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the genitourinary tract. Transitional cell carcinoma is divided into two categories: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In spite of the high recurrence rate, NMIBC has good prognosis, while MIBC has poor prognosis due to local organ invasion and metastases. Mp-MRI shows better tumor detection and staging. The aim of this study is to validate VI-RADS in detecting MIBC and assessing interobserver agreement and impact of reader's experience. Results: At cutoff value of VI-RADS score ≥ 3, the VI-RADS showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 96.8%,83.3%, 93.8%, 90.9%, and 93%, respectively, for reader 1, 93.5%, 91.7%, 84.6%, and 93% for reader 2, and 96.8%,83.3%, 93.8%, 90.9%, and 93% for reader 3. The interobserver agreement between individual readers was excellent among the three readers. Conclusions: Vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) is a good method showing satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic value for detecting detrusor muscle invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For athletes, an excessive increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after multiple endurance exercises indicates muscle glycogen depletion that induces a diminution in performance. Our study aimed to examine the efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) compared with carbohydrate-protein replacement drink (CHOPRO) in suppressing the increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises among national male rowing athletes aged 18-23 years. Methods: Seven male athletes from the Rowing National Training Centre, Pengalengan, West Java, participated in this single-blind, randomised crossover study. They received CM or CHOPRO during four hours of recovery between two endurance exercises. Before (pre) and after (post) multiple exercises, a venous blood sample was collected to measure the increase in BUN level. The effects of each beverage on BUN level were compared using an independent t-test. Results: The increase in pre-post BUN level was significantly lower for CM trial compared to CHOPRO trial (164.0±61.3 mmol/L vs 293.5±88.3 mmol/L, p=0.012). Conclusion: It was observed that CM reduced rate of increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises. Thus, CM can be useful for athletes during intense training regimen with multiple exercise sessions. Future studies should investigate the effect of CM in various types of sports, using convenient, non-invasive, and real-time measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musculoskeletal disorders have a very diverse aetiology. They have a significant impact on individual quality of life and society as a whole. The last three decades have seen revolutionary changes in the management of autoimmune-related muscle and joint disorders due to the introduction of biologics. Management of spasticity disorders remains challenging, although implantable technology has broadened management options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is periodised circuit training delivered via a telerehabilitation model of care as effective as the same training applied face-to-face for improving pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, body composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA)? Randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors and intention-to-treat analysis. One hundred adults aged ≥ 40 years with knee OA and pain for ≥ 3 months, with current pain ≥ 40 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). The experimental group received 14 weeks of circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation using video recordings, followed by periodic phone calls in order to motivate and instruct participants. The control group received the same circuit training program in a face-to-face format. The primary outcomes were pain VAS and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function subscale, measured at 14 weeks. Secondary outcomes included objective physical function, strength, pain catastrophising and morphological measures (muscle architecture and thigh and body composition). Outcomes were measured at 14 and 26 weeks. Periodised circuit training delivered via telerehabilitation had equivalent effects to face-to-face delivery for pain intensity, physical function, muscle strength, pain catastrophising, thigh composition, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle architecture. Whole body composition did not change appreciably in either group. Adherence to the training was excellent and participants in each group reported good perceptions of their randomised intervention. A periodised circuit training protocol can be delivered to people with knee OA in their own homes, using available technology while maintaining high levels of acceptability. More importantly, telerehabilitation appears to cause non-inferior physical and functional outcomes to face-to-face rehabilitation programs. RBR-662hn2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the restrictions on outings owing to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively affected older adults, only a few reports on observed changes in body composition and physical function owing to the pandemic. Therefore, this study examined the effects of behavioral restrictions associated with the state of emergency declaration owing to the COVID-19 pandemic on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), body composition, and physical functions in communitydwelling older women. Methods: The analyses included 17 women who completed IADL, body composition, and physical function measurements on each measurement day before the COVID-19 pandemic (pre-COVID-19, May 2019) and after lifting the emergency declaration (during-COVID-19, December 2020). The Japanese version of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) was used to assess the participants’ IADL. Body composition was measured as body fat percentage and whole-body muscle mass. A battery of physical tests was completed to assess participants’ physical functions. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the comparison of pre- and during-COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The FAI decreased during-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 phase (p < 0.001), especially for outdoor and hobby activities. Body fat percentage increased (p = 0.004), and whole-body muscle mass decreased (p = 0.001). The sit-and-reach test decreased (p = 0.041), and the 10-meter normal walking time increased (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This study revealed that behavioral restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected IADL, body composition, and physical functions of community-dwelling older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faecal incontinence (FI) is the term describing the inability to control the bowels (International Continence Society [ICS], 2015). This can include the uncontrolled passage of solid or liquid stool, or flatus (wind) (Benezech et al, 2016) through the anal canal. It is recognised as a symptom rather than a diagnosis (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], 2014) and is the result of complex interactions of many contributing factors. This series of two articles will look at this taboo condition, how it affects quality of life, highlight the anatomy and physiology which affects bowel control and then discuss conditions and contributing factors that make individuals prone to the symptoms of FI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injury in football causing deficits in balance. Motor Imagery (MI) has been progressively included in sports rehabilitation as an adjunct therapeutic modality either for injury management or sports performance (e.g. fear of re-injury). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of MI on balance and on the fear of re-injury in professional football players with ankle sprain Grade II. Fifty-eight professional football players participated in the study. Athletes were in the return to play period, and they were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1st MI group (n = 29) and 2nd -- Placebo group (n = 29). Both groups received the same balance training program. Athletes in the 1st -- MI group received a standardized recorded content of MI instructions in addition to the balance training program, while athletes in the 2nd -- Placebo group received only relaxation instructions. Static balance was evaluated with the Single Leg Stance Test (SLST) by the portable KForce Plates, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Y Balance Test (YBT), the fear of re-injury was assessed using the Causes of Re-injury Worry Questionnaire (CR-IWQ), the ability of MI with the use of the Greek version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Qusetionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2-GR) and the responses of the Autonomic Nervous System through the Oxygen saturation (SPO2) and the heart rate. Results indicated a statistically significant improvement for the YBT (p < 0.001) between the 2 groups while there were no statistically significant differences on the other variables. Despite the MI group did not show statistically significant results, there was an improvement in all main outcome measures post intervention. Further research is recommended in order to explore the MI interventions in combination with psychophysiological factors associated with sports rehabilitation and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate acute dose response of different intensities with total volume equalized during the abdominal crunch exercise on muscle thickness, echo-intensity, peak force, time under tension, total load lifted, and perception of effort in recreationally-trained participants. Fifteen resistance-trained participants (23 ± 3 years) performed the abdominal crunch exercise in one of two different resistance training (RT) protocols in a randomized order: RT4x10RM (4 sets of 10RM / 1-min rest) or RT1x40RM (1 set of 40RM). Muscle thickness (MT), echo-intensity (EI), peak force (PF), time under tension (TUT), total load lifted (TLL), and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were measured pre-test and post-test (0-min and 15-min). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs (2 x 3) were used to test differences between RT protocols (RT4x10RM and RT1x40RM) and time (pre-test, post-0, and post-15) for MT, EI, and PF. Paired t-test was used to compare RT protocols for sRPE, TLL, and TUT. For MT, there were significant differences for RT4x10RM between pre- x post-0 (p = 0.011), pre- x post-15 (p < 0.001), and post-0 x post-15 (p = 0.02); and for RT1x40RM between pre- x post-0 (p < 0.001) and pre- x post-15 (p = 0.003). For EI, there was a significant difference for RT4x10RM between pre- x post-0 (p = 0.002). For sRPE, there was no significant difference between RT protocols. For TLL and TUT, there were significant differences between RT protocols (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both RT protocols (RT4x10RM and RT1x40RM) induced similar increases in MT but not for EI. TLL and TUT were higher for RT4x10RM. PF and sRPE were similar between RT protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die anatomischen Zuglinien – Anatomy Trains – legen die fasziale und myofasziale „Anatomie der Verbindung" im gesamten Körper dar und geben Therapeut*innen die Möglichkeit, das Muster zu kartieren und die Veränderung zu gestalten. Die 12 „myofaszialen Meridiane" im System der anatomischen Zuglinien verbinden die einzelnen Muskeln zu funktionellen Komplexen innerhalb des faszialen Gewebes – jeder mit einer definierten Anatomie und „Bedeutung" in der menschlichen Haltung und Bewegung. The Anatomy Trains lays out fascial and myofascial „anatomy of connection" throughout the body, giving the therapist the ability to map the pattern and shape the change. The 12 „myofascial meridians" in the Anatomy Trains system join the individual muscles into functional complexes within the fascial fabric – each with a defined anatomy and „meaning" in human posture and movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the synergy between the diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) according to different exercise positions in women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Our secondary aim was to determine the short-term effects of single-week pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program on diaphragmatic function. The cross-sectional study included 64 women with pelvic floor dysfunction. The participants' diaphragm and abdominal muscle functions during voluntary PFM contraction and relaxation were assessed by surface electromyography and ultrasonography. The surface electromyography assessments were performed in supine (P1), crawling (P2) and sitting (P3) positions. A single week-PFMT was conducted on women who agreed to determine the short-term responses of the diaphragm function. The muscle functions according to exercise positions were compared with Friedman Analysis of Variance, and the short-term effects of single-week PFMT on diaphragm function was analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. The diaphragm activity during voluntary PFM contraction was highest in P2 before and after single-week PFMT (P <.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the activities diaphragm and abdominal muscles in different exercise positions (P <.05). After single-week PFMT, diaphragm thickness increased (P =.030) in P1, but diaphragm activity did not change in all 3 exercise positions (P >.05). The synergy between the diaphragm and PFM was greater in the crawling position in women with pelvic floor dysfunction. The abdominal muscles seemed to contribute to maintaining this synergy. Therefore, PFMT combined with diaphragmatic breathing exercises in the crawling position should be considered. In addition, single-week PFMT may positively affect diaphragm function in the short-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kinesiologia Slovenica is the property of Faculty of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: For athletes, an excessive increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after multiple endurance exercises indicates muscle glycogen depletion that induces a diminution in performance. Our study aimed to examine the efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) compared with carbohydrate-protein replacement drink (CHOPRO) in suppressing the increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises among national male rowing athletes aged 18--23 years. Methods: Seven male athletes from the Rowing National Training Centre, Pengalengan, West Java, participated in this single-blind, randomised crossover study. They received CM or CHOPRO during four hours of recovery between two endurance exercises. Before (pre) and after (post) multiple exercises, a venous blood sample was collected to measure the increase in BUN level. The effects of each beverage on BUN level were compared using an independent t-test. Results: The increase in pre-post BUN level was significantly lower for CM trial compared to CHOPRO trial (164.0±61.3 mmol/L vs 293.5±88.3 mmol/L, p=0.012). Conclusion: It was observed that CM reduced rate of increase in BUN level following multiple rowing exercises. Thus, CM can be useful for athletes during intense training regimen with multiple exercise sessions. Future studies should investigate the effect of CM in various types of sports, using convenient, non-invasive, and real-time measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Baseball players are aware of the potential of shoulder problems due to repetitive throwing. However, few studies have examined how pitching repeatedly affects the thoracic spine and shoulder. Purpose This study aimed to determine the effects of pitching repeatedly on the endurance of trunk muscles and kinematics of the thoracic spine and shoulder. Study design Cohort study Methods Trunk muscle endurance was assessed in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion positions in 12 healthy amateur baseball players. The positions of stride foot contact (SFC) during the early cocking phase and maximal shoulder external rotation (MER) during the late cocking phase were used to compute the thoracic and shoulder kinematics in degrees. Participants were then asked to throw 135 fastballs (-9 innings with 15 throws per inning). Throwing motions were monitored throughout the first, seventh, eighth, and nine innings, whereas trunk muscular endurance was assessed before and after the repetitive throwing activity. Ball speed during pitching was measured using a radar gun. All outcome measures were statistically compared to examine differences over time. Results The trunk muscle endurance declined after the throwing task. In the eighth inning, compared with the first inning, the thoracic rotation angle at the SFC increased toward the throwing side. In contrast, the shoulder horizontal adduction angle at MER decreased in the seventh and ninth innings. Conclusion With repeated pitching, trunk muscle endurance gradually declines, and repetitive throwing significantly altered kinematics of the thoracic rotation at SFC and shoulder horizontal plane at MER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We evaluated the optimal duration of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from November 2018 to June 2019. We recruited 55 subjects diagnosed with SUI based on the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) score >4 and more than 2 grams of 1-hour pad test. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we taught and supervised them for PFMT and evaluated them every four weeks to observe the urogenital distress inventory-6 (UDI-6), incontinence impact questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), 1-hour pad test, and perineometer score. We used the Wilcoxon test to evaluate the improvement at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: Our subjects were mostly obese (65%), 30-55 years old (60%), and had >2 children (90%). There were improvements in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 for every four weeks up to 12 weeks of PFMT (P<0.05, 95% CI). Pelvic floor muscle strength only improved significantly (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) after eight weeks of PFMT. Also, the 1-hour pad test score decreased significantly after four weeks of training (P<0.001). Discussion: SUI distress and symptoms decrease after four weeks of Kegel exercises and continue to improve until 12 weeks of therapy. However, the 1-hour pad test reaches clinical and statistical significance during the first month of exercise with no further improvement clinically. Pelvic floor muscle strength increased significantly after eight weeks of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is no consensus on the most appropriate method for normalizing electromyography (EMG) signals from masticatory muscles during isotonic activity. Aim: To analyze the best method for data processing of the EMG signal of the masticatory muscles during isotonic activity (non-habitual chewing), comparing raw data and different types of normalization. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Women aged between 18 and 45 years were selected. Anthropometric data were collected (age, height, body mass index -- BMI, masticatory preference) as well as EMG signal (root mean square -- RMS) data for the anterior temporal and masseter bilaterally, and for the suprahyoid muscles, during isotonic (non-habitual chewing) and isometric tasks. EMG data were processed offline using Matlab® Software. The normalization of the EMG signal was carried out using the 2nd masticatory cycle, chosen at random, of the 20 cycles collected, the maximum RMS value, and the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). To analyze the best method of data processing for the isotonic data, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated. Descriptive data analysis was adopted, using the mean and standard deviation. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to detect significant differences between the methods of normalization. Statistical significance was set at 5% (α<0.05). Results: The final sample of this research was composed of 86 women. The volunteers presented an average age of 27.83±7.71 years and a mean BMI of 22.85±1.91 Kg/m². Regarding masticatory preference, 73.25% reported the right side, and 26.75% the left side. Considering the comparison between the methods, the %CV measure of the 2nd cycle showed the lowest variation coefficient during biting for all the muscles from the raw data, RMS Max, and MVC (p=0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, for non-habitual chewing activity, the results of this study recommend data processing using normalization with the second cycle during chewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopause is a common gynaecological disorder and may affect 20–50 % of all women. It may be the first sign of premalignant or malignant disease. All women require assessment by means of pelvic ultrasound and an endometrial biopsy to exclude sinister pathology, identify other causes, and plan appropriate treatment. Pharmacological treatment includes antifibrinolytics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, combined hormonal contraception, cyclical progestogens and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG – IUS). Second line treatments may include endometrial ablation, uterine artery embolization, myomectomy or hysterectomy depending on the nature of the pathology. Minimal access techniques though the hysteroscopic, laparoscopic/robotic or vaginal route are increasingly used as the preferred surgical options. Novel treatments, either pharmacological or in the outpatient setting are likely to have a significant contribution in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Muscle synergies and muscle networks were extracted from three distinct frequency components (20–450 Hz, 20–30 Hz, 30–450 Hz). • The low-frequency component (20–30 Hz) is capable of performing muscle synergy analysis as done in the full-band (20–450 Hz). • Alterations in muscle coordination induced by stroke are evident in the full-band in muscle network analysis. As a neural control strategy employed by the central nervous system to control movements, the extraction of muscle synergies from a broad range of electromyographic signals has been the focus. Nevertheless, recent coherence analysis demonstrates distinct roles played in low-frequency components in motor control. This suggests that muscle synergies extracted from the low-frequency components can capture movement characteristics as done in the full-band. To investigate this issue, muscle synergies were extracted from three distinct frequency components (20–450 Hz, 20–30 Hz, 30–450 Hz) during spatial reaching movements in a group of healthy and stroke subjects. Synergy similarities were computed both within frequencies and between groups, and complex network analysis was conducted based on the group-averaged synergies. Results showed that the number and structure of muscle synergies, as well as network metrics, identified from the full-band (20–450 Hz) and low-frequency (20–30 Hz) exhibited high similarity between groups. These patterns diverged from those observed in high-frequency (30–450 Hz). The stroke did not induce significant alterations in muscle synergies. However, higher network metrics were identified in the full-band for one synergy. This study demonstrated the capacity of low-frequency components to perform muscle synergy analysis. These findings can help better understand the neural drive and motor control, potentially advancing the assessment of motor function and rehabilitation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Hydatid cyst" or cystic Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The liver and lungs are the most common sites to occur. Incidence in muscles is exceptionally rare. Surgery has been the traditional approach for treatment of cystic echinococcusis. We report a rare case of 44 years old man with multiple hydatid cysts; liver, lungs, paraspinal muscles. The muscular cyst had manifested as a swelling in his back and was the principal clinical presentation as it caused pain and discomfort. He was treated with Albendazole, and a thoracic surgery for the management of the lung cysts had been performed. On admission and after his surgery, lymphadenopathy had manifested and following adequate diagnostic modalities he was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Then, after three months, physical examination revealed significant reduction in the size of his back cyst that was no longer visible. Here we present a successful treatment for muscular hydatid cysts. While prior reports have managed it surgically; albendazole has played a significant role in our case, in addition to the diagnosis of the NHL in the course of managing multiple hydatid cysts. The presence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma alongside hepatic cystic disease is rare, and the coexistence of NHL and muscular hydatidosis is unprecedented in medical literature. • Cystic hydatidosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for any cystic lesion. • A rare association of NHL and multiple hydatid cysts in one case. • Successful treatment for muscular hydatid cysts with Albendazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Metformin, widely used to treat diabetes, is now considered a candidate therapeutic for treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess whether metformin's non-glycaemic effects could mitigate cardiovascular disease indices in female mice consuming a high fat diet (HFD). Four-week old female Arc:Arc(S) mice were placed on a standard (std) chow diet or Western-style HFD (22% fat, 0.15% cholesterol). At ∼8 months, the mice were administered 150 mg/kg metformin or vehicle (control) via intraperitoneal injection for 11 days. Blood pressure was measured (tail cuff plethysmography) at Day 9 and 11 of treatment. On Day 11, mice were weighed and culled. The mesenteric arcade and kidneys were collected for assessment of vascular reactivity (wire myography), and assessment of expression of cardiometabolic markers (qPCR), respectively. The HFD fed female mice were significantly heavier than those receiving the std diet at 1–12 weeks on diet, and at cull. Mice on a std diet with metformin treatment were significantly heavier at cull than the mice on a std diet administered the control treatment. Metformin treatment did not alter the weight of the mice receiving the HFD. Neither the HFD (compared to the std diet), nor metformin treatment (compared to control treatment) altered blood pressure, vascular reactivity, or expression of cardiometabolic markers in the kidney. Consumption of a Western-style HFD (without high salt/sugar levels) did not alter the cardiovascular markers measured. Further studies are required to establish the non-glycaemic, cardio-protective effects of metformin in high-risk cohorts. • A high fat diet causes significant, sustained increase in female mouse body weight. • Exposure to metformin did not alter body weight of female mice on a high fat diet. • Sustained high fat diet in female mice did not alter measured cardiovascular indices. • Metformin did not alter measured cardiovascular indices in female mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circadian clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) regulates energy metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose metabolism, and other functions. This study aimed to examine the association of potential polymorphisms in BMAL1 with obesity among Chinese youth. A total of 2973 participants were included in this study. According to the body mass index obesity standard of China, 208 subjects were defined as experiencing general obesity. According to the waist-to-hip ratio obesity standard, 335 participants were defined as experiencing central obesity. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9633835, rs6486121, rs7107287, and rs12364562) were genotyped using TaqMan probe techniques. There was no significant difference in the either genotypic or allelic frequencies between the non-general and general obesity groups, while a positive association was observed between BMAL1 rs6486121 variant and central obesity risk (CC＋CT vs. TT: OR:2.139, 95% CI:1.164–3.930; P = 0.014) after adjusting for covariates. Stratification analyses revealed significant associations with central obesity risk for rs6486121 polymorphism in women according to the additive model (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR：1.409; 95 % CI: 1.029–1.930; P = 0.032). Haplotype analysis showed that only paired haplotypes, including rs9633835G with rs6486121T, had a significant effect on central obesity with OR (95%CI) was 1.035 (1.011–1.060) and P = 0.004. our findings suggest that BMAL1 polymorphisms are significantly associated with central obesity and sex-specific genetic effects on BMAL1-mediated genetic susceptibility to obesity. • This is the first study to study the association between circadian clock gene-BMAL1 polymorphism and obesity. • An association was found between BMAL1 rs6486121 variant and central obesity risk; Subgroup analyses showed that the difference was more significant in women, but not in men. • Haplotype analysis showed that only paired haplotypes, including rs9633835G with rs6486121T, had a significant effect on central obesity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have become an increasingly popular birth control method due to their long-duration effects and high efficacy. Side effects of IUD use are low, but some women do choose to discontinue use due to pain, bleeding, or malpositioning of devices. The purpose of this case report is to describe physical therapy (PT) management of a patient with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (PFMD) and pain following placement, use, and removal of an IUD. Case Description: This case describes the management of a 24-year-old woman referred to PT for high-tone PFMD and pain. PT interventions included patient education, neuromuscular reeducation, therapeutic exercise, biofeedback, manual therapy, and a home exercise program. Outcomes: Following 8 PT sessions over the course of approximately 3 months, the patient reported decreased pain with tampon use, pelvic examinations, and sexual intercourse. She also demonstrated a significant improvement in perceived disability per outcome measure. Discussion: A PT program designed to improve pelvic girdle alignment, improve breathing patterns, and decrease pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity may have contributed to a decrease in dyspareunia and an improved tolerance for tampon use within a 3-month time frame. PT is a conservative treatment option for musculoskeletal dysfunction. Further data collection is needed to determine the effect of PT for PFMD in patients with a history of IUD use. Informed Consent: This case report is exempt from institutional board review and approval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the number of days following hamstring strain injury (HSI) taken to introduce high-intensity eccentric loading (HIEL) into rehabilitation based on exercise-specific progression criteria, and whether pain resolution during isometric knee flexion strength testing occurred before or after this milestone.Design: Cohort study.Methods: We included 42 men (mean ± sd; age = 26 ± 5 years; height = 181 ± 8 cm; mass = 86 ± 12 kg) with HSIs, who performed fully supervised rehabilitation twice per week until they met return to play clearance criteria. Isometric knee flexion strength testing was completed before every rehabilitation session and HIEL was introduced via the Nordic hamstring exercise and unilateral slider once participants could perform a bilateral slider through full eccentric knee flexion range of motion. We reported the median (IQR) number of days following HSI taken to introduce HIEL, along with participant's pain rating during isometric knee flexion strength testing before that rehabilitation session. We also reported the median (IQR) number of days following HSI taken for participants to achieve pain resolution during isometric knee flexion.Results: HIEL was introduced 5 (2-8) days following HSI, despite 35/42 participants reporting pain during isometric knee flexion strength testing immediately prior to that rehabilitation session, which was rated as 3.5 (3-5) on a 0-10 numeric rating scale. Pain resolution during isometric knee flexion strength testing was achieved 11 (9-13) days following HSI.Conclusion: HIEL can be safely introduced into early HSI rehabilitation based on exercise-specific progression criteria, without needing to wait for pain resolution during isometric knee flexion strength testing before doing so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]