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The ISO 17450-2:2012 defines the verification operation. The ISO 17450-1:2011 defines the extracted features and the extraction operations on the "non-ideal surface model or on the real surface of the workpiece". The ISO 12781-2:2011 and 12180-2:2011 provide dedicated extraction strategies for the flatness and cylindricity. But no real measurement process is explicit here. However, one of the key factors in an inspection plan is the choice of the measurement strategy. Some sampling strategies, such as Hammersley sequence, offer robust and efficient technics to ensure good distribution of measurement points. But measurements are always defined with a "blind sampling strategy". So, in this paper, the author proposed to use adaptative sampling strategies, based on the Active learning method based on Kriging for the Inspection of Large Surfaces (AK-ILS) and developed an original Active Learning method based on Multi-Layer-Perceptron (AL-MLP), to classify the conform / non-conform parts and to ensure the reconstruction of the surfaces, with smart Skin Models Shapes and a minimal sampling size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their works, in 2014, N. Anwer & al. introduced the concept of Skin Model Shape (SMS). Their main idea was to propose parts representations with geometric deviations in the discrete geometry framework for CAT. In this paper, an application of the SMS to a full product/process tolerancing assembly analysis process of composite parts is proposed, with a numerical workflow between softwares. The RTM process simulation of composite parts, with systematic shape distortions estimation, is realized with PAM-RTM/DISTORTION®. The product/process uncertainties propagation ensures to capture the random geometrical variations, using OpenTurns®. The assessment of the tolerances is done with virtual coordinates measurements, from extracted nodal points of the FEA meshing. The final effects of the tolerances of the parts are then measured on a mechanical assembly by a tolerancing stack-ups analysis, using MECAmaster®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industry, the modelling of product / process assemblies is based on the concept of Geometrical Product Specification and Tolerancing analysis. One of the main hypotheses is the rigid workpiece principle. However, for some parts and assemblies, this assumption can be not acceptable. Thus, in this paper, the authors propose an approach to take into account the flexibility of the assemblies in the 3D tolerancing analysis. Designed on a hybridization between the tolerancing methods and finite element analysis, an original approach, based on a rigid / flexible linear model, is developed to build flexible stack-ups and fully integrated in 3DX®, MECAmaster® and Abaqus® software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: Aseptic loosening of artificial knee joints induced by wear particles from a tibial polyethylene (PE) insert is a serious problem limiting their longevity. This study investigated the effects of grafting with our original biocompatible phospholipid polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on the insert surface. Methods: The hydrophilicity of the PE surface was determined by the contact angle of a water droplet, and the friction torque was measured against a cobalt–chromium alloy component. The wear amount was compared among PE inserts with or without cross-linking and MPC grafting during 5×106 cycles of loading in a knee joint simulator. The surfaces of the insert and the wear particles in the lubricant were subjected to electron and laser microscopic analyses. The mechanical properties of the inserts were evaluated by the small punch test. Results: The MPC grafting increased hydrophilicity and decreased friction torque. In the simulator experiment, the wear of the tibial insert was significantly suppressed in the cross-linked PE (CLPE) insert, and even more dramatically decreased in the MPC-grafted CLPE insert, as compared to that in the non-cross-linked PE insert. Surface analyses confirmed the wear resistance by the cross-linking, and further by the MPC grafting. The particle size distribution was not affected by cross-linking or MPC grafting. The mechanical properties of the insert material remained unchanged during the loading regardless of the cross-linking or grafting. Conclusion: Surface grafting with MPC polymer furnished the PE insert with wear resistance in an artificial knee joint through increased hydrophilicity and decreased friction torque. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

While advances in neonatal medicine have increased the possibility of sustaining life for many infants, more infants still die in the neonatal period (birth to 27 days of life) than those in any other time in childhood. Despite this statistic, there still remains much that is unknown about both the needs and the care of these critically ill babies. Palliative care is a viable option for many of these infants and their families. However, palliative care is rarely provided as an option for families. To provide healthcare providers with an overview of palliative and end-of-life care for infants in the neonatal period, we conducted an integrative review of the current research literature. A total of 10 articles were selected for the review. Findings from these studies were summarized in 1 of 4 categories: practices of withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment, pain management during ventilator withdrawal, parents and the decision-making process, and the dying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]