Search

X-ray diode is an essential instrument for the measurement of the radiation flow in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment. The time resolution of the traditional X-ray diode is about 100 ps, which needs improvement. A newly electronic pulse-dilation technique can greatly improve the time resolution of the high-speed diagnostic instrument. Here, an ultrafast X-ray diode with electronic pulse-dilation technique is presented, which includes a pulse-dilation device and an anode electron detector. The pulse-dilation X-ray diode is theoretical and experimental researched. The time resolution of the X-ray diode is approximately 261 ps without electronic signal pulse dilation, and it will be improved to 19 ps by using the pulse-dilation technique.

Background: Observational studies have associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with adverse pregnancy events, but findings show heterogeneity, leaving the causal direction and mediating pathways unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal relation between NAFLD and various pregnancy events, and to elucidate the underlying mediating pathways while determining the proportion of this correlation that is mediated through these pathways. Methods: A genome-wide association study involving over 6 million participants employing Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analysis was performed. The study used genetically predicted NAFLD as exposures and cardiometabolic traits as mediators, with various adverse pregnancy events as outcomes. The main analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, while sensitivity analyses included the weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Mediation analyses were performed using a two-step MR framework. Results: In this MR cohort study, NAFLD was found to be strongly associated with elevated risks of GDM (P= 0.019 for the discovery dataset, P< 0.001 for the discovery dataset) and HDPs, including any HDP (P< 0.001 for the both datasets), gestational hypertension (P= 0.007 for the discovery dataset, P< 0.001 for the discovery dataset), and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia (P= 0.040 for the discovery dataset, P< 0.001 for the discovery dataset). However, no significant associations were found with hemorrhage in early pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, or offspring birthweight for both datasets. Cardiometabolic traits played a significant mediating role in these associations, rather than solely acting as confounding factors. Conclusions: This study provided evidence supporting a correlation between NAFLD and a higher risk of adverse pregnancy events and introduces some new insights. These findings may inform preventions and interventions for remediating adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to NAFLD.

Three magnetic focusing framing tubes are designed based on short magnetic lenses, long magnetic lenses, and hybrid lenses consisting of short and long magnetic lenses, and the spatial resolution characteristics of these framing tubes are theoretically studied. The excitation current of the short magnetic lenses is 0.15 A, the imaging magnification ratio is 1:1, and the spatial resolution is better than 50 $\mu \text{m}$ . The spatial resolution difference is 23.08% within the 30-mm off-axis. The spatial resolution of the long magnetic lens framing tube is better than $20~\mu \text{m}$ , and the spatial resolution difference is 10.71%. However, the long magnetic lenses require a large excitation current of 26.25 A. For the hybrid magnetic lenses, the excitation current of 0.15 A is used to achieve a spatial resolution of better than 20 $\mu \text{m}$ and a spatial resolution difference of 8.11%. The simulation results show that the hybrid magnetic lenses are the best imaging method among these three lenses. A high spatial resolution and spatial resolution uniformity can be simultaneously obtained by using a small excitation current in the hybrid magnetic lens framing tube.

To effectively detect and remove Cr(vi) from aqueous solution, a 3D net-like structured fluorescent aerogel was designed and synthesized using highly photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) and renewable natural carboxy-methylated cellulose nanofibrils (CM-CNFs). The surface morphology, microstructure, chemical elements and fluorescence properties of this novel aerogel were studied. Adsorption experiments were designed to investigate the adsorption of Cr(vi) onto this fluorescent aerogel. The adsorption process was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(vi) reached 433.5 mg g−1. Furthermore, this novel aerogel emitted bright blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 11.8% when applied to Cr(vi) sensing, and a good linear relationship between the quantum yield and Cr(vi) concentration was demonstrated. Accordingly, this novel 3D net-like structured fluorescent aerogel should be a promising smart sorbent for the removal of Cr(vi) with advantages of the 3D net-like structure and rich functional groups that accelerate Cr(vi) adsorption and the wrapped fluorescent probe that improves Cr(vi) sensing.

A terbium material is prepared under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. This compound is characterized by an isolated structure. Solid-state photoluminescence measurement discovers that it shows a strong emission in the green region. The sharp bands at 490, 544, 585, and 620 nm correspond to the characteristic emission 5D4–7FJtransitions (J= 6, 5, 4, and 3, respectively) of the Tb3+ions. Solid-state diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals that the existence of a wide optical bandgap of 4.83 eV, indicating that it is potentially a wide band-gap semiconductor. Magnetic properties of the compound are investigated. The magnetic susceptibility obeys the Curie–Weiss law (χm= c/( T− θ)) with c= 10.55(8) K and a negative Weiss constant θ= − 1.11(7) K; this suggests the presence of an antiferromagnetic interaction in this compound. A terbium compound has been prepared and it features an isolated structure. Solid-state photoluminescence measurement reveals that it shows a strong emission in the green region. Solid-state diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals an optical bandgap of 4.83 eV. Magnetic properties discover that it features antiferromagnetic interaction.

Hydrogels have attracted widespread attention in anticounterfeiting due to their unique physical/chemical properties and designability. However, hydrogels’ poor mechanical properties and sluggish response to chemical stimuli pose challenges for their wide application. A fluorescent tough organohydrogel capable of freeform writing of information is reported in this work. By incorporation of the fluorescent monomer 7-methylacryloxy-4-methylcoumarin into the polyacrylamide network in a covalently cross-linked manner while intertwining with the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium network, a fluorescent tough organohydrogel with a dual-network structure is prepared. The organohydrogel shows acid–base-mediated adjustable fluorescence through the transformation of fluorescent monomers. Ion printing and electrical stimulation design achieved free information storage and encryption. In addition, the prepared organohydrogel has good antifreezing properties and can be encrypted and decrypted at subzero temperatures. The encrypted information in the organohydrogel can be read only after UV-light irradiation. These patterned fluorescent organohydrogels should find applications in protected message displays for improved information security.

The hazards of epoxy resin (EP) are not only reflected in the large amount of smoke and heat released during combustion, but also in the long survival time of bacterial on their surfaces at a time when COVID-19 are prevalent. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the antibacterial properties and fire-resistance of EP. Herein, this paper reports a multifunctional nanoparticle (Cu2O@KF) to overcome this issue. It is found that Cu2O@KF can confer great fire-resistance (LOI = 34.7% and pHRR reduced by 56.3%), antibacterial properties (over 99.99% antibacterial efficiency), and mechanical properties (hardness and Young's modulus increased by 80.0% and 24.0%, respectively) at a low loading level (7wt.%). These ideal characteristics are derived from the multi-synergistic properties among Cu2O and KF.

Melamine trisulfonic acid was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 10-aryl-6,8-dimethyl-6,10-dihydro-5-oxa-6,8-diazaanthra[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-7,9-diones by condensation of 3,4-methylene dioxyphenol, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid under solvent-free conditions. Different types of aromatic. aldehydes were used in the reaction and in all cases the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.