27 results on '"Lozupone, Catherine A."'
Search Results
2. A Summary of the Sixth International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment.
- Author
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Sherrill-Mix, Scott, Yang, Michelle, Aldrovandi, Grace M., Brenchley, Jason M., Bushman, Frederic D., Collman, Ronald G., Dandekar, Satya, Klatt, Nichole R., Lagenaur, Laurel A., Landay, Alan L., Paredes, Roger, Tachedjian, Gilda, Turpin, Jim A., Serrano-Villar, Sergio, Lozupone, Catherine A., and Ghosh, Mimi
- Abstract
In October of 2020, researchers from around the world met online for the sixth annual International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. New research was presented on the roles of the microbiome on immune response and HIV transmission and pathogenesis and the potential for alterations in the microbiome to decrease transmission and affect comorbidities. This article presents a summary of the findings reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A phylogenetic model for the recruitment of species into microbial communities and application to studies of the human microbiome
- Author
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Darcy, John L., Washburne, Alex D., Robeson, Michael S., Prest, Tiffany, Schmidt, Steven K., and Lozupone, Catherine A.
- Abstract
Understanding when and why new species are recruited into microbial communities is a formidable problem with implications for managing microbial systems, for instance by helping us better understand whether a probiotic or pathogen would be expected to colonize a human microbiome. Much theory in microbial temporal dynamics is focused on how phylogenetic relationships between microbes impact the order in which those microbes are recruited; for example, species that are closely related may competitively exclude each other. However, several recent human microbiome studies have observed closely related bacteria being recruited into microbial communities in short succession, suggesting that microbial community assembly is historically contingent, but competitive exclusion of close relatives may not be important. To address this, we developed a mathematical model that describes the order in which new species are detected in microbial communities over time within a phylogenetic framework. We use our model to test three hypothetical assembly modes: underdispersion (species recruitment is more likely if a close relative was previously detected), overdispersion (recruitment is more likely if a close relative has not been previously detected), and the neutral model (recruitment likelihood is not related to phylogenetic relationships among species). We applied our model to longitudinal human microbiome data, and found that for the individuals we analyzed, the human microbiome generally follows the underdispersion (i.e., nepotism) hypothesis. Exceptions were oral communities and the fecal communities of two infants that had undergone heavy antibiotic treatment. None of the datasets we analyzed showed statistically significant phylogenetic overdispersion.
- Published
- 2020
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4. A phylogenetic model for the recruitment of species into microbial communities and application to studies of the human microbiome
- Author
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Darcy, John L, Washburne, Alex D, Robeson, Michael S, Prest, Tiffany, Schmidt, Steven K, and Lozupone, Catherine A
- Abstract
Understanding when and why new species are recruited into microbial communities is a formidable problem with implications for managing microbial systems, for instance by helping us better understand whether a probiotic or pathogen would be expected to colonize a human microbiome. Much theory in microbial temporal dynamics is focused on how phylogenetic relationships between microbes impact the order in which those microbes are recruited; for example, species that are closely related may competitively exclude each other. However, several recent human microbiome studies have observed closely related bacteria being recruited into microbial communities in short succession, suggesting that microbial community assembly is historically contingent, but competitive exclusion of close relatives may not be important. To address this, we developed a mathematical model that describes the order in which new species are detected in microbial communities over time within a phylogenetic framework. We use our model to test three hypothetical assembly modes: underdispersion (species recruitment is more likely if a close relative was previously detected), overdispersion (recruitment is more likely if a close relative has not been previously detected), and the neutral model (recruitment likelihood is not related to phylogenetic relationships among species). We applied our model to longitudinal human microbiome data, and found that for the individuals we analyzed, the human microbiome generally follows the underdispersion (i.e., nepotism) hypothesis. Exceptions were oral communities and the fecal communities of two infants that had undergone heavy antibiotic treatment. None of the datasets we analyzed showed statistically significant phylogenetic overdispersion.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Can gut microbiota of men who have sex with men influence HIV transmission?
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Coleman, Sara L., Neff, C. Preston, Li, Sam X., Armstrong, Abigail J.S., Schneider, Jennifer M., Sen, Sharon, Fennimore, Blair, Campbell, Thomas B., Lozupone, Catherine A., and Palmer, Brent E.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTGaining a complete understanding of transmission risk factors will assist in efforts to reduce new HIV infections, especially within the disproportionally affected population of men who have sex with men (MSM). We recently reported that the fecal microbiota of MSM elevates immune activation in gnotobiotic mice and enhances HIV infection in vitroover that of fecal microbiota from men who have sex with women. We also demonstrated elevation of the gut homing marker CD103 (integrin αE) on CD4+T cells by MSM-microbiota. Here we provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is a risk factor for HIV transmission in MSM by showing elevated frequencies of the HIV co-receptor CCR5 on CD4+T cells in human rectosigmoid colon biopsies. We discuss our interest in specific MSM-associated bacteria and propose the influx of CD103+and CCR5+CD4+T cells into the colon as a potential link between the MSM microbiota and HIV transmission.
- Published
- 2020
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6. Microbiome and metabolome data integration provides insight into health and disease.
- Author
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Shaffer, Michael, Armstrong, Abigail J.S., Phelan, Vanessa V., Reisdorph, Nichole, and Lozupone, Catherine A.
- Abstract
For much of our history, the most basic information about the microbial world has evaded characterization. Next-generation sequencing has led to a rapid increase in understanding of the structure and function of host-associated microbial communities in diverse diseases ranging from obesity to autism. Through experimental systems such as gnotobiotic mice only colonized with known microbes, a causal relationship between microbial communities and disease phenotypes has been supported. Now, microbiome research must move beyond correlations and general demonstration of causality to develop mechanistic understandings of microbial influence, including through their metabolic activities. Similar to the microbiome field, advances in technologies for cataloguing small molecules have broadened our understanding of the metabolites that populate our bodies. Integration of microbial and metabolomics data paired with experimental validation has promise for identifying microbial influence on host physiology through production, modification, or degradation of bioactive metabolites. Realization of microbial metabolic activities that affect health is hampered by gaps in our understanding of (1) biological properties of microbes and metabolites, (2) which microbial enzymes/pathways produce which metabolites, and (3) the effects of metabolites on hosts. Capitalizing on known mechanistic relationships and filling gaps in our understanding has the potential to enable translational microbiome research across disease contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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7. Functional Microbiomics in Liver Transplantation: Identifying Novel Targets for Improving Allograft Outcomes
- Author
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Kriss, Michael, Verna, Elizabeth C., Rosen, Hugo R., and Lozupone, Catherine A.
- Abstract
Gut dysbiosis, defined as a maladaptive gut microbial imbalance, has been demonstrated in patients with end-stage liver disease, defined as a contributor to disease progression, and associated clinically with severity of disease and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this well-recognized phenomena in patients with end-stage liver disease, the impact of gut dysbiosis and its rate of recovery following liver transplantation (LT) remains incompletely understood. The mechanisms by which alterations in the gut microbiota impact allograft metabolism and immunity, both directly and indirectly, are multifactorial and reflect the complexity of the gut-liver axis. Importantly, while research has largely focused on quantitative and qualitative changes in gut microbial composition, changes in microbial functionality (in the presence or absence of compositional changes) are of critical importance. Therefore, to translate functional microbiomics into clinical practice, one must understand not only the compositional but also the functional changes associated with gut dysbiosis and its resolution post-LT. In this review, we will summarize critical advances in functional microbiomics in LT recipients as they apply to immune-mediated allograft injury, posttransplant complications, and disease recurrence, while highlighting potential areas for microbial-based therapeutics in LT recipients.
- Published
- 2019
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8. The environment, epigenome, and asthma.
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Yang, Ivana V., Lozupone, Catherine A., and Schwartz, David A.
- Abstract
Asthma prevalence has been on the increase, especially in North America compared with other continents. However, the prevalence of asthma differs worldwide, and in many countries the prevalence is stable or decreasing. This highlights the influence of environmental exposures, such as allergens, air pollution, and the environmental microbiome, on disease etiology and pathogenesis. The epigenome might provide the unifying mechanism that translates the influence of environmental exposures to changes in gene expression, respiratory epithelial function, and immune cell skewing that are hallmarks of asthma. In this review we will introduce the concept of the environmental epigenome in asthmatic patients, summarize previous publications of relevance to this field, and discuss future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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9. Diverse Intestinal Bacteria Contain Putative Zwitterionic Capsular Polysaccharides with Anti-inflammatory Properties.
- Author
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Neff, C. Preston, Rhodes, Matthew E., Arnolds, Kathleen L., Collins, Colm B., Donnelly, Jody, Nusbacher, Nichole, Jedlicka, Paul, Schneider, Jennifer M., McCarter, Martin D., Shaffer, Michael, Mazmanian, Sarkis K., Palmer, Brent E., and Lozupone, Catherine A.
- Abstract
Summary Zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides (ZPSs) are bacterial products that modulate T cells, including inducing anti-inflammatory IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells (Tregs). However, only a few diverse bacteria are known to modulate the host immune system via ZPS. We present a genomic screen for bacteria encoding ZPS molecules. We identify diverse host-associated bacteria, including commensals and pathogens with known anti-inflammatory properties, with the capacity to produce ZPSs. Human mononuclear cells stimulated with lysates from putative ZPS-producing bacteria induce significantly greater IL-10 production and higher proportions of Tregs than lysates from non-ZPS-encoding relatives or a commensal strain of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in which a putative ZPS biosynthetic operon was genetically disrupted. Similarly, wild-type B. cellulosilyticus DSM 14838, but not a close relative lacking a putative ZPS, attenuated experimental colitis in mice. Collectively, this screen identifies bacterial strains that may use ZPSs to interact with the host as well as those with potential probiotic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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10. Correlation detection strategies in microbial data sets vary widely in sensitivity and precision
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Weiss, Sophie, Van Treuren, Will, Lozupone, Catherine, Faust, Karoline, Friedman, Jonathan, Deng, Ye, Xia, Li Charlie, Xu, Zhenjiang Zech, Ursell, Luke, Alm, Eric J, Birmingham, Amanda, Cram, Jacob A, Fuhrman, Jed A, Raes, Jeroen, Sun, Fengzhu, Zhou, Jizhong, and Knight, Rob
- Abstract
Disruption of healthy microbial communities has been linked to numerous diseases, yet microbial interactions are little understood. This is due in part to the large number of bacteria, and the much larger number of interactions (easily in the millions), making experimental investigation very difficult at best and necessitating the nascent field of computational exploration through microbial correlation networks. We benchmark the performance of eight correlation techniques on simulated and real data in response to challenges specific to microbiome studies: fractional sampling of ribosomal RNA sequences, uneven sampling depths, rare microbes and a high proportion of zero counts. Also tested is the ability to distinguish signals from noise, and detect a range of ecological and time-series relationships. Finally, we provide specific recommendations for correlation technique usage. Although some methods perform better than others, there is still considerable need for improvement in current techniques.
- Published
- 2016
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11. Correlation detection strategies in microbial data sets vary widely in sensitivity and precision
- Author
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Weiss, Sophie, Van Treuren, Will, Lozupone, Catherine, Faust, Karoline, Friedman, Jonathan, Deng, Ye, Xia, Li Charlie, Xu, Zhenjiang Zech, Ursell, Luke, Alm, Eric J, Birmingham, Amanda, Cram, Jacob A, Fuhrman, Jed A, Raes, Jeroen, Sun, Fengzhu, Zhou, Jizhong, and Knight, Rob
- Abstract
Disruption of healthy microbial communities has been linked to numerous diseases, yet microbial interactions are little understood. This is due in part to the large number of bacteria, and the much larger number of interactions (easily in the millions), making experimental investigation very difficult at best and necessitating the nascent field of computational exploration through microbial correlation networks. We benchmark the performance of eight correlation techniques on simulated and real data in response to challenges specific to microbiome studies: fractional sampling of ribosomal RNA sequences, uneven sampling depths, rare microbes and a high proportion of zero counts. Also tested is the ability to distinguish signals from noise, and detect a range of ecological and time-series relationships. Finally, we provide specific recommendations for correlation technique usage. Although some methods perform better than others, there is still considerable need for improvement in current techniques.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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12. Alterations in the Gut Microbiota Associated with HIV-1 Infection.
- Author
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Lozupone, Catherine A., Li, Marcella, Campbell, Thomas B., Flores, Sonia C., Linderman, Derek, Gebert, Matthew J., Knight, Rob, Fontenot, Andrew P., and Palmer, Brent E.
- Abstract
Summary: Understanding gut microbiota alterations associated with HIV infection and factors that drive these alterations may help explain gut-linked diseases prevalent with HIV. 16S rRNA sequencing of feces from HIV-infected individuals revealed that HIV infection is associated with highly characteristic gut community changes, and antiretroviral therapy does not consistently restore the microbiota to an HIV-negative state. Despite the chronic gut inflammation characteristic of HIV infection, the associated microbiota showed limited similarity with other inflammatory states and instead showed increased, rather than decreased, diversity. Meta-analysis revealed that the microbiota of HIV-infected individuals in the U.S. was most similar to a Prevotella-rich community composition typically observed in healthy individuals in agrarian cultures of Malawi and Venezuela and related to that of U.S. individuals with carbohydrate-rich, protein- and fat-poor diets. By evaluating innate and adaptive immune responses to lysates from bacteria that differ with HIV, we explore the functional drivers of these compositional differences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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13. Human-Associated Microbial Signatures: Examining Their Predictive Value.
- Author
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Knights, Dan, Parfrey, Laura Wegener, Zaneveld, Jesse, Lozupone, Catherine, and Knight, Rob
- Subjects
HOST-bacteria relationships ,BIOTIC communities ,MACHINE learning ,FORENSIC medicine ,BIOLOGICAL variation ,PREDICTION models - Abstract
Summary: Host-associated microbial communities are unique to individuals, affect host health, and correlate with disease states. Although advanced technologies capture detailed snapshots of microbial communities, high within- and between-subject variation hampers discovery of microbial signatures in diagnostic or forensic settings. We suggest turning to machine learning and discuss key directions toward harnessing human-associated microbial signatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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14. The HIV-Associated Enteric Microbiome Has Gone Viral.
- Author
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Palmer, Brent E., Li, Sam X., and Lozupone, Catherine A.
- Abstract
HIV infection is associated with dramatic alterations in enteric bacteria, but little is known about other microbiome components. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe , studies by Monaco et al. (2016) and Handley et al. (2016) reveal an under-appreciated role of the enteric virome in HIV-associated gastroenteritis and pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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15. Identifying Genetic Determinants Needed to Establish a Human Gut Symbiont in Its Habitat.
- Author
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Goodman, Andrew L., McNulty, Nathan P., Zhao, Yue, Leip, Douglas, Mitra, Robi D., Lozupone, Catherine A., Knight, Rob, and Gordon, Jeffrey I.
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GASTROINTESTINAL motility ,SYMBIOSIS ,HABITATS ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence ,LABORATORY mice ,TRANSPOSONS ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,MUTAGENESIS - Abstract
Summary: The human gut microbiota is a metabolic organ whose cellular composition is determined by a dynamic process of selection and competition. To identify microbial genes required for establishment of human symbionts in the gut, we developed an approach (insertion sequencing, or INSeq) based on a mutagenic transposon that allows capture of adjacent chromosomal DNA to define its genomic location. We used massively parallel sequencing to monitor the relative abundance of tens of thousands of transposon mutants of a saccharolytic human gut bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, as they established themselves in wild-type and immunodeficient gnotobiotic mice, in the presence or absence of other human gut commensals. In vivo selection transforms this population, revealing functions necessary for survival in the gut: we show how this selection is influenced by community composition and competition for nutrients (vitamin B
12 ). INSeq provides a broadly applicable platform to explore microbial adaptation to the gut and other ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2009
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16. HIV-induced alteration in gut microbiota
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Lozupone, Catherine A, Rhodes, Matthew E, Neff, Charles P, Fontenot, Andrew P, Campbell, Thomas B, and Palmer, Brent E
- Abstract
Consistent with an important role for adaptive immunity in modulating interactions between intestinal bacteria and host, dramatic alteration in the composition of gut microbes during chronic HIV infection was recently reported by ourselves and independently by four other research groups. Here we evaluate our results in the context of these other studies and delve into the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although gut microbiota of HIV-positive individuals on ART usually does not resemble that of HIV-negative individuals, the degree to which ART restores health-associated prevalence varies across bacterial taxa. Finally, we discuss potential drivers and health consequences of gut microbiota alterations. We propose that understanding the mechanism of HIV-associated gut microbiota changes will elucidate the role of adaptive immunity in shaping gut microbiota composition, and lay the foundation for therapeutics targeting the microbiota to attenuate HIV disease progression and reduce the risk of gut-linked disease in people with HIV.
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- 2014
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17. RNASTAR: An RNA STructural Alignment Repository that provides insight into the evolution of natural and artificial RNAs
- Author
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Widmann, Jeremy, Stombaugh, Jesse, McDonald, Daniel, Chocholousova, Jana, Gardner, Paul, Iyer, Matthew K., Liu, Zongzhi, Lozupone, Catherine A., Quinn, John, Smit, Sandra, Wikman, Shandy, Zaneveld, Jesse R.R., and Knight, Rob
- Abstract
Automated RNA alignment algorithms often fail to recapture the essential conserved sites that are critical for function. To assist in the refinement of these algorithms, the authors manually curated a set of 148 alignments with a total of 9600 unique sequences, in which each alignment was backed by at least one crystal or NMR structure. These alignments included both naturally and artificially selected molecules. They used principles of isostericity to improve the alignments from an average of 83%–94% isosteric base pairs. They expect that this alignment collection will assist in a wide range of benchmarking efforts and provide new insight into evolutionary principles governing change in RNA structural motifs. The improved alignments have been contributed to the Rfam database.
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- 2012
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18. The mind-body-microbial continuum
- Author
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Gonzalez, Antonio, Stombaugh, Jesse, Lozupone, Catherine, Turnbaugh, Peter J., Gordon, Jeffrey I., and Knight, Rob
- Abstract
Our understanding of the vast collection of microbes that live on and inside us (microbiota) and their collective genes (microbiome) has been revolutionized by culture-independent “metagenomic” techniques and DNA sequencing technologies. Most of our microbes live in our gut, where they function as a metabolic organ and provide attributes not encoded in our human genome. Metagenomic studies are revealing shared and distinctive features of microbial communities inhabiting different humans. A central question in psychiatry is the relative role of genes and environment in shaping behavior. The human microbiome serves as the interface between our genes and our history of environmental exposures; explorations of our microbiomes thus offer the possibility of providing new insights into our neurodevelopment and our behavioral phenotypes by affecting complex processes such as inter- and intra personal variations in cognition, personality, mood, sleep, and eating behavior, and perhaps even a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases ranging from affective disorders to autism. Better understanding of microbiome-encoded pathways for xenobiotic metabolism also has important implications for improving the efficacy of pharmacologic interventions with neuromodulator agents.
- Published
- 2011
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19. Stable tRNA-based phylogenies using only 76 nucleotides
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Widmann, Jeremy, Harris, J. Kirk, Lozupone, Catherine, Wolfson, Alexey, and Knight, Rob
- Abstract
tRNAs are among the most ancient, highly conserved sequences on earth, but are often thought to be poor phylogenetic markers because they are short, often subject to horizontal gene transfer, and easily change specificity. Here we use an algorithm now commonly used in microbial ecology, UniFrac, to cluster 175 genomes spanning all three domains of life based on the phylogenetic relationships among their complete tRNA pools. We find that the overall pattern of similarities and differences in the tRNA pools recaptures universal phylogeny to a remarkable extent, and that the resulting tree is similar to the distribution of bootstrapped rRNA trees from the same genomes. In contrast, the trees derived from tRNAs of identical specificity or of individual isoacceptors generally produced trees of lower quality. However, some tRNA isoacceptors were very good predictors of the overall pattern of organismal evolution. These results show that UniFrac can extract meaningful biological patterns from even phylogenies with high level of statistical inaccuracy and horizontal gene transfer, and that, overall, the pattern of tRNA evolution tracks universal phylogeny and provides a background against which we can test hypotheses about the evolution of individual isoacceptors.
- Published
- 2010
20. Size, constant sequences, and optimal selection.
- Author
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Legiewicz, Michal, Lozupone, Catherine, Knight, Rob, and Yarus, Michael
- Abstract
Because the abundance of functional molecules in RNA sequence space has many unexplored aspects, we compared the outcome of 11 independent selections, performed using the same affinity selection protocol and contiguous randomized regions of 16, 22, 26, 50, 70, and 90 nucleotides. All affinity selections targeted the simplest isoleucine aptamer, an asymmetric internal loop. This loop should be abundant in all selections, so that it can be compared across all experiments. In some cases, two primer sets intended to favor selection of different structures have also been compared. The simplest isoleucine aptamer dominates all selections except with the shortest tract, 16 contiguous randomized nucleotides. Here the isoleucine aptamer cannot be accommodated and no other motif can be selected. Our results suggest an optimum length for selection; surprisingly, both the shortest and the longest randomized tracts make it more difficult to recover the motif. Estimated apparent initial abundances suggest that the simplest isoleucine motif was 20- to 40-fold more frequent in selection with 50- or 70-nucleotide randomized regions than with any other length. Considering primer sets, a pre-formed stable stem within fixed flanking sequences had a five-to 10-fold negative effect on apparent motif abundance at all lengths. Differing random tract lengths also determined the probable motif permutation and the most abundant helix lengths. These data support a significant but lesser role for primer sequences in the outcome of selections.
- Published
- 2005
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21. Selection of the simplest RNA that binds isoleucine.
- Author
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Lozupone, Catherine, Changayil, Shankar, Majerfeld, Irene, and Yarus, Michael
- Abstract
We have identified the simplest RNA binding site for isoleucine using selection-amplification (SELEX), by shrinking the size of the randomized region until affinity selection is extinguished. Such a protocol can be useful because selection does not necessarily make the simplest active motif most prominent, as is often assumed. We find an isoleucine binding site that behaves exactly as predicted for the site that requires fewest nucleotides. This UAUU motif (16 highly conserved positions; 27 total), is also the most abundant site in successful selections on short random tracts. The UAUU site, now isolated independently at least 63 times, is a small asymmetric internal loop. Conserved loop sequences include isoleucine codon and anticodon triplets, whose nucleotides are required for amino acid binding. This reproducible association between isoleucine and its coding sequences supports the idea that the genetic code is, at least in part, a stereochemical residue of the most easily isolated RNA-amino acid binding structures.
- Published
- 2003
22. Intestinal microbial communities and Holdemanellaisolated from HIV+/− men who have sex with men increase frequencies of lamina propria CCR5+CD4+T cells
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Yamada, Eiko, Martin, Casey G., Moreno-Huizar, Nancy, Fouquier, Jennifer, Neff, C. Preston, Coleman, Sara L., Schneider, Jennifer M., Huber, Jonathan, Nusbacher, Nichole M., McCarter, Martin, Campbell, Thomas B., Lozupone, Catherine A., and Palmer, Brent E.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTMen who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of HIV infection status, have an intestinal microbiome that is compositionally distinct from men who have sex with women (MSW) and women. We recently showed HIV-negative MSM have elevated levels of intestinal CD4+T cells expressing CCR5, a critical co-receptor for HIV. Whether elevated expression of CCR5 is driven by the altered gut microbiome composition in MSM has not been explored. Here we used in vitrostimulation of gut Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells (LPMCs) with whole intact microbial cells isolated from stool to demonstrate that fecal bacterial communities (FBCs) from HIV-positive/negative MSM induced higher frequencies of CCR5+CD4+T cells compared to FBCs from HIV-negative MSW and women. To identify potential microbial drivers, we related the frequency of CCR5+CD4+T cells to the abundance of individual microbial taxa in rectal biopsy of HIV-positive/negative MSM and controls, and Holdemanella biformiswas strongly associated with increased frequency of CCR5+CD4+T cells. We used in vitrostimulation of gut LPMCs with the type strain of H. biformis, a second strain of H.biformisand an isolate of the closely related Holdemanella porci , cultured from either a HIV-positive or a HIV-negative MSM stool. H. porcielevated the frequency of both CCR5+CD4+T cells and the ratio of TNF-α/IL-10 Genomic comparisons of the 3 Holdemanellaisolates revealed unique cell wall and capsular components, which may be responsible for their differences in immunogenicity. These findings describe a novel mechanism potentially linking intestinal dysbiosis in MSM to HIV transmission and mucosal pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2021
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23. Multiple-Ascending-Dose Phase 1 Clinical Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of CRS3123, a Narrow-Spectrum Agent with Minimal Disruption of Normal Gut Microbiota
- Author
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Lomeli, Barbara K., Galbraith, Hal, Schettler, Jared, Saviolakis, George A., El-Amin, Wael, Osborn, Blaire, Ravel, Jacques, Hazleton, Keith, Lozupone, Catherine A., Evans, Ronald J., Bell, Stacie J., Ochsner, Urs A., Jarvis, Thale C., Baqar, Shahida, and Janjic, Nebojsa
- Abstract
CRS3123 is a novel small molecule that potently inhibits methionyl-tRNA synthetase of Clostridioides difficile, inhibiting C. difficiletoxin production and spore formation. CRS3123 has been evaluated in a multiple-ascending-dose placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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24. Reply to Moossavi and Azad, “Quantifying and Interpreting the Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota Composition and Childhood Obesity”
- Author
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Stanislawski, Maggie A., Dabelea, Dana, Wagner, Brandie D., Iszatt, Nina, Dahl, Cecilie, Sontag, Marci K., Knight, Rob, Lozupone, Catherine A., and Eggesbø, Merete
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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25. Gut Microbiota in the First 2 Years of Life and the Association with Body Mass Index at Age 12 in a Norwegian Birth Cohort
- Author
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Stanislawski, Maggie A., Dabelea, Dana, Wagner, Brandie D., Iszatt, Nina, Dahl, Cecilie, Sontag, Marci K., Knight, Rob, Lozupone, Catherine A., and Eggesbø, Merete
- Abstract
Understanding the role of the early-life gut microbiota in obesity is important because there may be opportunities for preventive strategies. We examined the relationships between infant gut microbiota at six times during the first two years of life and BMI at age 12 in a birth cohort of 165 children and their mothers. We found that the gut microbiota from early life to two years shows an increasingly strong association with childhood BMI. This study provides preliminary evidence that the gut microbiome at 2 years of age may offer useful information to help to identify youth who are at risk for obesity, which could facilitate more-targeted early prevention efforts.
- Published
- 2018
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26. The Impact of a Consortium of Fermented Milk Strains on the Gut Microbiome of Gnotobiotic Mice and Monozygotic Twins
- Author
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McNulty, Nathan P., Yatsunenko, Tanya, Hsiao, Ansel, Faith, Jeremiah J., Muegge, Brian D., Goodman, Andrew L., Henrissat, Bernard, Oozeer, Raish, Cools-Portier, Stéphanie, Gobert, Guillaume, Chervaux, Christian, Knights, Dan, Lozupone, Catherine A., Knight, Rob, Duncan, Alexis E., Bain, James R., Muehlbauer, Michael J., Newgard, Christopher B., Heath, Andrew C., and Gordon, Jeffrey I.
- Abstract
Metagenomic analyses of gnotobiotic mice and monozygotic twins reveal the effects of eating a popular fermented milk product on their microbiomes.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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27. PyCogent: a toolkit for making sense from sequence
- Author
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Knight, Rob, Maxwell, Peter, Birmingham, Amanda, Carnes, Jason, Caporaso, J Gregory, Easton, Brett, Eaton, Michael, Hamady, Micah, Lindsay, Helen, Liu, Zongzhi, Lozupone, Catherine, McDonald, Daniel, Robeson, Michael, Sammut, Raymond, Smit, Sandra, Wakefield, Matthew, Widmann, Jeremy, Wikman, Shandy, Wilson, Stephanie, Ying, Hua, and Huttley, Gavin
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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