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Duoethnography is an approach to qualitative research in which two researchers engage in dialogue to understand how a particular phenomenon has manifested differently in their lives, and in so doing, aim to come to a new understanding of that phenomenon. In this paper, two applied linguists from different research backgrounds, and with different priorities, engage in a metaduoethnography to explore what they each find of value of the method for their separate research programs. Through dialogue, they uncover what first drew each of them to duoethnography, and go on to both praise and problematize the accessibility of the method. Following this, they use the concept of the “research ecosystem” to investigate the role duoethnography plays, or may play, in their separate and evolving research programs, particularly focusing on the concepts of reflexivity and praxis. It is hoped that this exploratory dialogue may resonate with other researchers, and assist them in evaluating the benefits of duoethnography for their work.

The article discusses the importance of using a bioactive luting agent in crown and bridge restorations to prevent bacterial penetration and increase the lifespan of the restoration. The Activa Bioactive-Cement is highlighted as a cement that supports natural remineralization and protects against recurrent decay and microleakage. The cement is versatile and can be used on various substrates, and it can be bonded in nonretentive preps. The article provides step-by-step instructions for the cementation process using Activa Bioactive-Cement in two different clinical cases. [Extracted from the article]

This paper investigates the influence of stress state on the equivalent plastic fracture strain in 2024-T351 aluminum alloy. Eighteen unique stress states at failure – with triaxialities ranging from 0.388 (compressive) to -0.891 (tensile) and Lode parameters ranging from -0.978 to 1.000 – are explored through mechanical experiments on 2024-T351 aluminum specimens with various geometries under multiple loading conditions. These include tension tests of plane stress (thin), plane strain (thick), and axisymmetric specimens, as well as pure shear and combined axial-torsional loading on thin-walled tubes. Using a hybrid numerical-experimental approach, the dependence of fracture strain on stress triaxiality and Lode parameter is quantified for each experiment. Fracture strains are measured using three-dimensional digital image correlation. Equivalent plastic fracture strain for 2024-T351 generally increases with stress triaxiality (moving toward a more compressive state). Fracture strain decreases modestly as Lode parameter decreases from 1 to 0, although there is a significant increase in ductility as Lode parameter decreases below -0.8. Compression-torsion tests extend the data's stress-space coverage well into the compressive triaxiality region (up to 0.388) and to Lode parameters approaching -1. This experimental program provides the most extensive set of ductile fracture data from a single 12.7-mm-thick 2024-T351 aluminum plate in the literature. These data can be used to calibrate ductile fracture models used in finite element simulations of dynamic events such as bird strikes, automotive collisions, and debris containment.

Many of today's dental patients are asking about brightening their smiles when undergoing restorative treatment. It was determined that by taking 0.5 mm off the proximal surfaces of each remaining mandibular incisor and orthodontically moving them toward the mesial surfaces of their respective canines, the edentulous space for the tooth No. 25 replacement would be more symmetrical to the width of tooth No. 24 (Figures 3 and 4). Using current composite technology and glass fiber reinforcement, such as everStickC&B (GC America), there is now a good long-term treatment option for a single missing tooth that can be much more economical than lab-fabricated alternatives and still provide an excellent service to the patient. A retracted facial view of the completed tooth whitening and direct composite bridge replacing tooth No. 25 and the redone diastema closure between teeth Nos. [Extracted from the article]

In the article, the authors discuss a natural all-hazards strategy to fire-based emergency medical services (EMS) by discussing the evolution of the Columbus Division of Fire (CFD) in Ohio as a fire-based EMS provider. Also cited are the CFD's move to retrofit a vehicle to become its squad car with first aid supplies and H&H inhalator in the mid-1930s, and the CFD's EMS capabilities like the Rapid Response Emergency Addiction Team (RREACT).

Diode lasers have been utilized in dentistry for many years now as an effective means to help manage gingival tissues during restorative procedures. While there are still some procedures for which electrosurgery technology is useful, there are limitations to its use because of the extensive amount of tissue damage (necrosis) that it can cause. This article will explore other clinical procedures where having a diode laser can make the difference between a simple, successful outcome and struggling to control the soft-tissue environment during a procedure. Managing the gingival tissues during impressions, abutment placement, and delivery of the definitive restoration can be challenging, particularly if the tissues are overgrown around the healing abutment or if they creep over the platform when a healing abutment is loose. [Extracted from the article]

To evaluate ultrasound's utility to detect difficult laryngoscopy in a preoperative setting.

According to Ngo et al,4,5 glass ionomer cement forms a"chemically fused seal to dentin" that many will argue issuperior to dentin adhesive technology, especially whenenamel is absent. Inareas of good dentin, dentin adhesives perform verywell.6 Until now, the delivery and manipulation of glassionomer cements has been a clinical challenge. Also, glass ionomercement at the marginal interface of a Class IIrestoration will provide protection from recurrent cariesby virtue of fluoride release and remineralization.11Figure 19 is an occlusal view of the cavity preparationafter placement of glass ionomer cement into bothproximal boxes of this MOD cavity preparation. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of dwelling airtightness test results for a developer, between 2007 and 2011. The changes in airtightness test results over time are discussed, and links between the airtightness test results and the construction technique are investigated. Design/methodology/approach: A data set of airtightness test results was statistically analysed by applying probabilistic model of the distribution and using Bayesian parameter estimation techniques. Findings: The inferred background distributions, those estimated to describe dwelling performance before secondary sealing, suggest an improvement in airtightness between 2008 and 2011, the mode decreases from 5.46±0.09 m3/m2h to 4.12±0.07 m3/m2h with a corresponding shift in practice towards a more target-driven approach. The most airtight dwellings are constructed from reinforced concrete frame, followed by “traditional” (dry lined masonry), timber frame and lightweight steel frame. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited by the size of the available data set (901 dwellings), and by the fact that the data set contains a larger proportion of flats to houses; however, the metadata has enabled the exploration of the link between construction practices and airtightness. Practical implications: Developers need better guidance surrounding how to meet more stringent airtightness requirements through improvements to the primary air barrier, with incentives and support to deliver changes in practice. Furthermore, if a large number of dwellings undergo secondary sealing, this may have implications for the long-term efficiency of the dwelling stock. Originality/value: This analysis investigates two issues that have not previously been studied on a significant number of dwellings: the changes to the distribution of airtightness results over time and the link between construction methods and airtightness.

Purpose: Compulsory airtightness testing was introduced for new dwellings in England and Wales in 2006 and in Scotland in 2010 to ensure that they are constructed according to design air permeability targets. These targets are set to limit heat loss through air infiltration. Previous work examining the large Air Tightness Testing and Measurement Association (ATTMA) data set of UK airtightness test data suggested that, in a proportion of dwellings, the targets were being met by post-completion sealing as opposed to airtight construction, but did not quantify the prevalence of this practice. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the distribution of as-built airtightness and the proportion of dwellings undergoing post-completion sealing are estimated from the ATTMA data set covering 2015–2016. This is carried out by Bayesian statistical modelling, using the data set of recorded test results and a modelled representation of the testing process. Findings: This analysis finds the mode of the as-built distribution of air permeability as 4.38 ± 0.01 m3/m2h. It predicts that 39 per cent of dwellings aiming for one of the five most common design targets have sealing interventions at the point of pressure testing to meet their target. The as-built distribution of the ATTMA data is compared to airtightness test data obtained from just before compulsory testing was introduced, showing an improvement in the modal air permeability of 3.6 m3/m2h since testing became mandatory. Originality/value: This paper has investigated the available data beyond simply what is reported, to estimate what the real levels of airtightness in the UK new build stock may be.

Issues surrounding native-speakerism in ELT have been investigated from a diverse range of research perspectives over the last decade. This study uses a duoethnographic approach in order to explore the concept of a 'hidden curriculum' that instils and perpetuates Western 'native speaker' norms and values in the formal and informal training of English language teachers. We found that, despite differences in our own individual training experiences, a form of 'hidden curriculum' was apparent that had a powerful effect on our initial beliefs and practices as teachers and continues to influence our day-to-day teaching.

Mammalian species exhibit a wide range of lifespans. To date, a robust and dynamic molecular readout of these lifespan differences has not yet been identified. Recent studies have established the existence of ageing-associated differentially methylated positions (aDMPs) in human and mouse. These are CpG sites at which DNA methylation dynamics show significant correlations with age. We hypothesise that aDMPs are pan-mammalian and are a dynamic molecular readout of lifespan variation among different mammalian species. A large-scale integrated analysis of aDMPs in six different mammals reveals a strong negative relationship between rate of change of methylation levels at aDMPs and lifespan. This relationship also holds when comparing two different dog breeds with known differences in lifespans. In an ageing cohort of aneuploid mice carrying a complete copy of human chromosome 21, aDMPs accumulate far more rapidly than is seen in human tissues, revealing that DNA methylation at aDMP sites is largely shaped by the nuclear trans-environment and represents a robust molecular readout of the ageing cellular milieu. Overall, we define the first dynamic molecular readout of lifespan differences among mammalian species and propose that aDMPs will be an invaluable molecular tool for future evolutionary and mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the biological factors that determine lifespan in mammals.

We assess the productivity, outcomes, and experiences of participants in the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–funded K12 institutional research training programs in emergency care research.

The term "universal" seems to be used frequently in the adhesion/composite-resin-materials Dentin and enamel, dentin is more opaque and resilient, while enamel is more translucent With the latest in composite-res in technology, direct Class II tooth-colored restorations (dentin) and are already subject to a compromise in the ability to bond resin restorations. [Extracted from the article]

The capacity of the honey bee to produce three phenotypically distinct organisms (two female castes; queens and sterile workers, and haploid male drones) from one genotype represents one of the most remarkable examples of developmental plasticity in any phylum. The queen–worker morphological and reproductive divide is environmentally controlled during post-embryonic development by differential feeding. Previous studies implicated metabolic flux acting via epigenetic regulation, in particular DNA methylation and microRNAs, in establishing distinct patterns of gene expression underlying caste-specific developmental trajectories. We produce the first genome-wide maps of chromatin structure in the honey bee at a key larval stage in which developmental canalization into queen or worker is virtually irreversible. We find extensive genome-wide differences in H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K36me3, many of which correlate with caste-specific transcription. Furthermore, we identify H3K27ac as a key chromatin modification, with caste-specific regions of intronic H3K27ac directing the worker caste. These regions may harbor the first examples of caste-specific enhancer elements in the honey bee. Our results demonstrate a key role for chromatin modifications in the establishment and maintenance of caste-specific transcriptional programs in the honey bee. We show that at 96 h of larval growth, the queen-specific chromatin pattern is already established, whereas the worker determination is not, thus providing experimental support for the perceived timing of this critical point in developmental heterochrony in two types of honey bee females. In a broader context, our study provides novel data on environmentally regulated organismal plasticity and the molecular foundation of the evolutionary origins of eusociality.

The Coleman ReportFor this History of Education Quarterly Policy Forum, we look at the historical significance of the 1966 Coleman Report from several different perspectives. The four main essays published here originated as presentations for a session on “Legacies of the Coleman Report in US Thought and Culture” at the History of Education Society annual meeting in Providence, Rhode Island, in November 2016. Presenters for that session— Zoë Burkholder, Victoria Cain, Leah Gordon, and Ethan Hutt—went on to participate in an HES-sponsored session entitled “Currents in Egalitarian Thought in the 1960s and 1970s: The Coleman Report in American Politics, Media, and Social Science” at the Organization of American Historians meeting in New Orleans in April 2017. Thinking that their reflections on the reception and influence of the Coleman Report in different contexts would be of broad interest to HEQ readers, we asked members of the panel to comment on each other's papers and revise them for this Forum. We then invited Harvey Kantor of the University of Utah and Robert Lowe of Marquette University to write an introduction summarizing the origins and findings of the Coleman Report, along with their own assessment of what the presenters’ essays teach us about its long-term significance. What follows are Kantor and Lowe's Introduction, “What Difference Did the Coleman Report Make?,” together with substantive essays by Zoë Burkholder of Montclair State University, Victoria Cain of Northeastern University, Leah Gordon of Amherst College, and Ethan Hutt of the University of Maryland.

The LancetCountdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 LancetCommission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be “the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century”. The LancetCountdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the LancetCountdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The LancetCountdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process—from November, 2016 to early 2017—to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the LancetCountdown will adopt a collaborative and iterative process, which aims to complement existing initiatives, welcome engagement with new partners, and be open to developing new research projects on health and climate change.

Youth in the criminal justice system commonly suffer from multiple medical and psychological health problems. Because they likely live in lower socioeconomic environments, the medical care they receive through the justice system might be their only recent medical care and can result in the discovery of health problems or chronic illnesses that must be managed while in the system and beyond. We describe the case of an adolescent diagnosed with a serious chronic disease during his time in an urban detention center to illustrate how health workers and justice staff must use a team approach in caring for this vulnerable population of children. Barriers to appropriate care, including social and systems-level challenges, are discussed. The lessons learned in this case can be applied more broadly to other vulnerable youth populations, including those in foster care and impoverished communities where the primary care pediatrician (or other assigned pediatric specialist) is both the leader of the medical team and an advocate for quality care.

Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) provide an alternative approach for studying human disease through consideration of non-genetic variants such as altered DNA methylation. To advance the complex interpretation of EWAS, we developed eFORGE (http://eforge.cs.ucl.ac.uk/), a new standalone and web-based tool for the analysis and interpretation of EWAS data. eFORGE determines the cell type-specific regulatory component of a set of EWAS-identified differentially methylated positions. This is achieved by detecting enrichment of overlap with DNase I hypersensitive sites across 454 samples (tissues, primary cell types, and cell lines) from the ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, and BLUEPRINT projects. Application of eFORGE to 20 publicly available EWAS datasets identified disease-relevant cell types for several common diseases, a stem cell-like signature in cancer, and demonstrated the ability to detect cell-composition effects for EWAS performed on heterogeneous tissues. Our approach bridges the gap between large-scale epigenomics data and EWAS-derived target selection to yield insight into disease etiology.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Native-speakerism and authenticity are two subjects that have been written on extensively in the field of English language teaching, but the links between the two have yet to be explored in any great depth. This paper extensively reviews the literature on native-speakerism and authenticity and outlines where the connections between these two concepts, both practical and theoretical, may lie. Native-speakerism and authenticity are first briefly introduced and contextualised separately, and a theoretical framework is then presented to explain the connections between them based on the key foundational topics of authority, culturism, and cultural capital. Following this, the paper moves on to explain how these connections manifest in the ELT industry to influence the lives of ‘non-native speaker’ teachers in terms of student perceptions, self-perceptions, and professional discrimination, and how these are both influential on, and propagated by, the sales rhetoric of the ELT industry. Finally some suggestions are given for possible avenues of future research.

The article focuses on aesthetic aspects of dentistry and changes in dentistry due to digital technologies. Topics discussed include impact of digital technology on crown and bridge restorations, errors which were present in the traditional indirect technology include hygroscopic expansion of the dental stone, inaccurate identification and poor quality of impressions, accuracy in the digitally produced restorations, comparison of digital restorative systems for accuracy.

Several clinical uses for the Uveneer system have been described in the case examples presented herein, demonstrating how this technique can help the dentist more easily create aesthetic facial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth. This template system can be used to create direct composite veneers as definitive restorations, and in a variety of diagnostic situations that help the dentist and patient get on the "same page" when designing an aesthetic restorative case to meet a patient's individual goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammals, DNA methylation profiles vary substantially between tissues. Recent genome-scale studies report that blood displays a highly distinctive methylomic profile from other somatic tissues. In this study, we sought to understand why blood DNA methylation state is so different to the one found in other tissues. We found that whole blood contains approximately twice as many tissue-specific differentially methylated positions (tDMPs) than any other somatic tissue examined. Furthermore, a large subset of blood tDMPs showed much lower levels of methylation than tDMPs for other tissues. Surprisingly, these regions of low methylation in blood show no difference regarding genomic location, genomic content, evolutionary rates, or histone marks when compared to other tDMPs. Our results reveal why blood displays a distinctive methylation profile relative to other somatic tissues. In the future, it will be important to study how these blood specific tDMPs are mechanistically involved in blood-specific functions.

The article presents several dental disease case studies related to Class V composite restoration of dental caries or abfraction. Topics discussed include clinicians using Glass ionomer (GIOMER) material in the case of Abfraction lesions, the use of diode laser to plasty the gingival tissues of a patient with facial caries, and the Beautifil Flow Plus from Shofu Dental placed to restore the natural cervical contour to the tooth in a patient with defective Class V composite restoration.

Fetal growth is determined by the feto-placental genome interacting with the maternal in utero environment. Failure of this interplay leads to poor placental development and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is associated with future metabolic disease. We investigated whether whole genome methylation differences existed in umbilical cord blood and placenta, between gestational-matched, FGR, and appropriately grown (AGA) neonates. Using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip®, we found that DNA from umbilical cord blood of FGR born at term (n = 19) had 839 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that reached genome-wide significance compared with AGA (n = 18). Using gestational age as a continuous variable, we identified 76,249 DMPs in cord blood (adj. P< 0.05) of which 121 DMPs were common to the 839 DMPs and were still evident when comparing 12 FGR with 12 AGA [39.9 ± 1.2 vs. 40.0 ± 1.0 weeks (mean ± SD), respectively]. A total of 53 DMPs had a β methylation difference >10% and 25 genes were co-methylated more than twice within 1000 base pairs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DMPs supported their involvement in gene regulation and transcription pathways related to organ development and metabolic function. A similar profile of DMPs was found across different cell types in the cord blood. At term, no DMPs between FGR and AGA placentae reached genome-wide significance, validated with an external dataset. GO analysis of 284 pre-term, placental DMPs associated with autophagy, oxidative stress and hormonal responses. Growth restricted neonates have distinct DNA methylation profiles in pre-term placenta and in cord blood at birth, which may predispose to future adult disease.