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A small internal investigation by the University of Queensland (UQ) Union Disability Collective resulted in a student-led project supported by academics across three Australian universities. The project seeks to gain new insights into the experience of students with disabilities studying at Australian universities. Universities conduct disability surveys from time to time, but these tend to be forgotten as time passes and priorities change. This project involved the co-design and development of a survey, using qualitative and quantitative questions, to investigate students' experiences, including of barriers to education and participation in the Australian tertiary (or post-secondary) sector. This is planned to be the first of several research projects to transparently and accountably track issues faced by disabled tertiary students, and what is working to improve education outcomes and reduce discrimination. The survey has been piloted with UQ students with a view to roll it out to other universities. This paper focuses on the survey instrument and describes the project's formation and development. It also identifies challenges that have arisen in the process and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective action plays a critical role in progressing efforts to protect the global environment. In this study we examined existing research that specified causal claims about the outcomes of sustained environmental collective action and analysed the collective action characteristics associated with the stated outcomes. Of the 640 studies identified in our literature search, 113 papers examined environmental collective action outcomes over a time period of one or more years. In total, 59 different environmental collective action outcomes were identified, including changing corporate/business practices (n = 16), achieving political outcomes (n = 12), fostering movement building (n = 8), development project-specific outcomes (n = 8), physical changes such as increased forest cover (n = 7), or changes in public opinion, values, or behaviours (n = 4). In terms of general outcomes (i.e., success of failure of environmental collective action) the most common outcome claimed was both success and failure (n = 44), followed by complete success (n = 37) and mostly failure (n = 18). All papers identified the use of normative collective action, while 36 papers mentioned non-violent non-normative action such as blockades and sit-ins. Across the dataset there was a lack of consistency in descriptive terminology, methodological approach and inclusion of empirical evidence in justifying causal claims. We close with recommendations for scholars' best practices for advancing research into environmental collective action outcomes, namely: consistent terminology, mapping outcomes against goals, increased studies of failure, and diversifying studies in non-WEIRD contexts. • A systematic review of 113 studies on environmental collective action outcomes. • 59 distinct outcomes are identified, including 16 corporate & 12 political. • Most studies claimed outcomes of both success & failure (n = 44) or success (n = 37). • Only 3 studies examined failed collective action & 76 focused on WEIRD contexts. • Four recommendations to guide collective action outcomes research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Future orientation positively predicts conventional climate action intentions. • Present orientation negatively predicts conventional climate action intentions. • Environmental cognitive alternatives and eco-anxiety mediate these relationships. • Both orientations have positive indirect relationships with radical intentions. Motivating climate action is challenging because the worst consequences of climate change are in the future, triggering a conflict between short- and long-term interests. Prior research suggests that orienting to the future facilitates pro-environmental behavior whereas orientation to the present inhibits it; however, we consider whether different temporal orientations simply make some kinds of climate action more attractive than others. The present study tests this using structural equation modeling with two Australian samples. In a first exploratory model (N = 967), followed by a direct, pre-registered replication (N = 953), we examine how two facets of temporal orientation – consideration of future and immediate consequences – predict intentions to engage in three kinds of climate action at individual and collective levels: conventional private-sphere, conventional public-sphere, and radical public-sphere climate action. Consistent with past research, higher consideration of future consequences and lower consideration of immediate consequences are associated with intentions to take conventional action directly and indirectly via eco-anxiety and/or access to environmental cognitive alternatives. In contrast, consideration of future and immediate consequences are only indirectly related to intentions to take radical action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic relationship self-efficacy holds with behaviour leads us to suggest that self-efficacy may be a mediating mechanism for spillover. We tested this proposition by investigating whether engaging in simple and easy pro-environmental behaviour is associated with self-efficacy, which then increases intentions and subsequent actions towards new or more challenging pro-environmental behaviours. We tested this hypothesis in two studies using Australian residents. The first demonstrated spillover from easy water-related behaviours to more difficult water-related behavioural intentions, and the second study used longitudinal data to provide evidence for spillover from easy water conservation behaviours to the more difficult self-reported actions of installing water efficient appliances. Both studies supported our prediction of self-efficacy mediating the relationship between easy and more difficult pro-environmental self-reported behaviour. These results suggest that self-efficacy may be an important motivator of environmental spillover, and could be used to help encourage engagement in more challenging pro-environmental behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Though the success of conservation initiatives relies on changing behaviour, little social psychological research has examined factors such as attitudes and social norms in the context of actual conservation campaigns. In the context of reducing light pollution around sea turtle nesting habitats, researching technological solutions has clear merit. Problems such as light glow are, however, fundamentally about human behaviour, and so finding ways to effect behavioural change is critical. Social norms, or perceptions about what other people think and do, have been widely used in behaviour change campaigns across various domains, including campaigns to promote conservation behaviour. Here, we investigate how the norms of different groups may influence our behaviour in the context of a campaign to alter behavioural norms about light glow pollution in a community. We examine attitudes, social norms, and the degree of conflict (versus congruence) between the behaviours of different groups, and their relationship with intentions to engage in conservation behaviours relevant to sea turtle conservation. We show that attitudes and norms are related to behavioural intentions, and conflicts between social norms influence intentions, over and above the norms themselves. This highlights an important consideration for conservation campaigns utilising social norms-based behaviour change appeals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Our research explores the potential role of identity in moderating the impact of toxicity on time spent playing. • We explore the relationships among identity, toxicity, and time spent playing using longitudinal data. • While cross-sectional analysis showed an association between identity and hours spent playing, this relationship disappeared when explored longitudinally. • The only association with time spent playing at Time 2 was time spent playing at Time 1 (highlighting the importance of habit) • DOTA 2 players were found to be resilient to the experience of toxicity during play. The present research addresses a gap in the literature concerning the relationship of identity, game play, and toxicity, using longitudinal research. Time spent playing Defence of the Ancients 2 (DOTA 2; a competitive online team video game) was modelled at Time 1 (N = 473) in relation to identity and perceived toxicity. We then examined the same relationships longitudinally with players who returned to complete a second survey (Time 2 N = 216). The direct effects were modelled of participants' social identity as a DOTA 2 player and of their perceptions of toxicity, and the potential interaction was tested. Consistent with past cross-sectional research, identification with DOTA 2 was associated with higher game play at Time 1 and 2. However, in longitudinal analyses at Time 2, controlling for Time 1 variables, only Time 1 game play was a significant unique predictor: no unique role of identities was observed. There were also no direct or interactive effects of perceived toxicity in attenuating game play, despite high levels being reported at both Time 1 and 2. Using pre-registered analyses, the data offer a novel longitudinal test of one potential mechanism (social identification), and did not support its role in sustaining resilience here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two experiments examine the interplay of injunctive and descriptive norms on intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior. In Experiment 1, Australian participants were exposed to supportive or unsupportive group descriptive and injunctive norms about energy conservation. Results revealed that a conflict between the group-level injunctive and descriptive norm was associated with weaker behavioral intentions: The beneficial effects of a supportive injunctive norm were undermined when presented with an unsupportive descriptive norm. Experiment 2 replicated this effect in both a Western (UK) and non-Western (China) context, and found that the extent to which norms were aligned or not determined intentions even after controlling for attitudes, perceptions of control, and interpersonal-level injunctive and descriptive norms. These experiments demonstrate that conflict between injunctive and descriptive norms leads to weaker intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior, highlighting the need to consider the interplay between injunctive and descriptive norms to understand how norms influence behavioral intentions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents several studies that examine the effects of guilt at the group level in relation to colonial injustices which were conducted by Bertjan Doosje, Nyla R. Branscombe, and Russell Spears. It focuses on the self-conscious emotions of group-based shame and guilt, which are negative self-focused emotions that arise from the violation of a moral or social code. Meanwhile, a brief historical background of Italian colonization is also presented.

Abstract: This study incorporated identity constructs into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate intentions to engage in environmental activism. First year students and participants of a students of sustainability conference (n=169) were administered a questionnaire survey that measured standard TPB constructs as well as environmental group membership and self-identity as an environmental activist. Consistent with predictions, environmental group membership and self-identity were positive predictors of intentions. Thus, greater involvement in environmental groups and a stronger sense of the self as an environmental activist were associated with stronger intentions to engage in environmental activism. There was also evidence that self-identity was a stronger predictor of intentions for participants with low rather than high environmental group membership. In accordance with the standard TPB model, participants with more positive attitudes toward and a greater sense of normative support for environmental activism also had greater intentions to engage in the behaviour. The implications for groups seeking to harness support for activities to protect the environment are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Environmental organizations use a variety of text based communication formats to mobilize supporters to take collective action on their behalf. Yet we know little about the characteristics of collective action communication used by environmental organizations, nor its mobilization potential. In this paper we investigate whether environmental organizations' website communication reflects variables focal to the Social Identity Model of Collective Action that are known to motivate intentions to engage in collective action: identity, negative emotions, and efficacy. We use Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis software to investigate the extent to which linguistic cues associated with these focal variables are communicated in text obtained from 497 environmental advocacy organizations' websites. Findings demonstrate that environmental groups use identity and efficacy language more than the LIWC comparison text corpus, but show consistently low usage of both negative and positive emotion language. Our analyses also suggest that groups with the greatest financial resources use identity and efficacy language more frequently than groups with fewer financial resources. We suggest that future research investigating the effects of linguistic cues on message receivers is an important next step for both advancing the SIMCA framework as well as assisting environmental organizations' ability to more effectively mobilize supporters through text based communication formats. • Environmental group websites use language that makes identity and efficacy salient. • In contrast to SIMCA they do not use language which make emotions salient. • Groups with more financial resources use identity and efficacy words more in communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]