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Among endocrine disruptors, the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) is of particular interest due to the very high production and widespread environmental contamination. We recently demonstrated that the oral administration of BPA to mice results in the formation of DNA adducts not only in liver but also in mammary tissue. The present study aimed at evaluating the modulation of BPA-related DNA adducts and proteome alterations by the chemopreventive agents budesonide (BUD) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Swiss ICR (CD-1) mice received, for 8 days, BPA with the drinking water and either chemopreventive agent with the diet. We measured DNA adducts by 32P postlabeling and 656 proteins by antibody microarray. BPA induced the formation, with similar patterns, of DNA adducts in liver and in mammary tissue. Moreover, BPA dysregulated 13 proteins in mammary tissue, mostly in the sense of upregulation, including estrogen receptor- and proteins involved in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, tissue remodeling, inflammation, stress response, and glutathione synthesis. PEITC significantly inhibited the formation of BPA-induced DNA adducts, but only at the highest dose tested, and BUD was totally ineffective. The chemopreventive agents modulated a variety of BPA-induced changes in proteome profiles. However, as shown by both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, BUD and especially PEITC were not able to restore the physiological situation in BPA-treated mice. Therefore, the in vivo use of proteome analysis proves to be a sensitive tool for the early prediction not only of protective effects but also of adverse effects of chemopreventive agents.

We prove the existence of second weak derivatives for bounded minimizers u: Ω⊂Rn→RNof the integral ∫Ω(|Du|2+|Dnu|q)dx, when 2

Summary: N, O bis(alkylsilyl)carbamates are convenient silylating agents for the preparation of alkyl bonded phase useful in HPLC. These derivatives, prepared from alkylchlorosilanes and ammonium carbamate, result in, a more activesilylation than the corresponding chlorosilanes. The side products, ammonia and carbon dioxide, released by the reaction are easly removed and a practically complete silylation is achieved.

Abstract: We used single photon emission tomography to study regional cerebral perfusion in patients with different forms of spinocerebellar degeneration: 6 patients with Friedreich’s ataxia (FA), 6 with early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes (EOCA), 5 with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ADCA I) and 11 with idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia (ILOCA). The results were related to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Cerebellar hypoperfusion was constant in ADCA I and frequent in patients with other spinocerebellar degenerations. Brain stem hypoperfusion was constant in ADCA I, frequent in ILOCA patients with pontocerebellar atrophy and absent in FA and EOCA. FA and EOCA often showed a reduction in the parietotemporal cortex blood flow, which was not related to cortical atrophy. ILOCA patients had an asymmetric pattern in the temporal areas with decreased blood flow in the right side only. Caudate hypoperfusion was found in ADCA I patients. Cerebral atrophy did not account for changes in regional blood flow, which probably indicate early involvement of cerebral structures.

T cells are made tolerant only to those self-peptides that are presented in sufficient amounts by antigen-presenting cells. They ignore cryptic self-determinants, such as either those not generated by processing machinery or generated in insufficient amounts. It is anticipated that mechanisms that either change antigen processing or increase the yield of previously "invisible" peptides may be capable of inducing T cell priming and, if they are self-maintained, may sustain autoimmune diseases. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time a mechanism by which the gp120 human immunodeficiency virus-I, by downregulating plasma membrane CD4 and increasing its processing, unveils hidden CD4 epitopes, inducing an autoimmune-specific T cell response.

Recently, an alternative measure of uncertainty called cumulative residual extropy (CREX) was proposed by Jahanshahi et al. (2019). In this paper, we consider uncertainty measures of minimum ranked set sampling procedure with unequal samples (MinRSSU) in terms of CREX and its dynamic version and we compare the uncertainty and information content of CREX based on MinRSSU and simple random sampling (SRS) designs. Also, using simulation, we study new estimators of CREX for MinRSSU and SRS designs in terms of bias and mean square error. Finally, we provide a new discrimination measure of disparity between the distribution of MinRSSU and parental data SRS.

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Chlorophenylketene, produced in situ from the chloroacetyl chloride (II), reacts with the aminomethylene ketones (I), yielding the adducts (III).

The enaminones (III), prepared from the 2‐(hydroxymethylene)tetralones (I) and the secondary amines (II), are treated with chlorophenylacetyl chloride/triethylamine to give the crude lactones (V) which are directly dehydrochlorinated with DBN, yielding the fused pyranone (VI).

The β‐dialkylaminoethyl or γ‐dialkylaminopropyl ethers (V) are prepared by alkylation of the sodium salt of the bicyclic oxime (III) with β‐chloroethyl‐ or γ‐chloropropyldialkylamines (IV).

The bicyclic amine (I) mentioned in the title reacts with the isocyanates (II) to give the ureas (III).