Search

Many existing student persistence and retention studies overlooked the different types of departure (e.g., dropout, transfer) and aggregate them into a single departure variable, as a result, the estimates from these studies are spurious when one is interested in what student characteristics prompt dropout but not transfer. This can be especially relevant when studying the departure behavior of specific student subgroups, such as first-generation students. In response to this shortcoming in previous studies, this study longitudinally analyzed first-generation students' dropout and transfer behaviors. Paired with nationally represented data, this study uncovered how various student characteristics impact dropout and transfer behaviors differently over time. First-generation students were more likely than students with college-educated parents to leave the system than to transfer. A higher sense of belonging was found to reduce the likelihood of students transferring to other institutions academic years one through four. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although a series of studies on OXIS contacts have been performed, studies regarding changes in OXIS contacts over time are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the change in contact type between primary molars after 3 years in children aged 3–7 years. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted using 2922 sectional die models of 926 children. At baseline (T0), the contact type between the primary molars was scored using replication via the sectional die model method according to the OXIS criteria. After 3 years, the sectional die models of the same children were scored using the same criteria (T1). Results: McNemar's tests revealed a significant change in contacts from baseline to 3 years. The post hoc test explained specific changes in the contacts that were observed to be significant. These were O to X (p < 0.001), O to I (p < 0.001), O to S (p = 0.035), and I to X (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A significant change in OXIS contact over time was observed. The O-type contact underwent the maximum change. The least and most stable contacts are the "O" and "I" types, respectively. This change in contact type with age may alter the risk of caries in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is commonly introduced or encouraged in rural areas of developing countries to improve local livelihoods and enhance conservation. While understanding resultant shifts in residents' attitudes are important for effective management, there is scant longitudinal knowledge. This study investigated residents' attitudes to the environment, protected area management, and tourism through a longitudinal mixed-method study from 2011 to 2020 in an Iranian rural village during early tourism stages. Quantitative and qualitative primary data were collected through surveys of residents, interviews with government officials and the village leader, and observations combined with secondary data collected over the nine-year period. This study specifically tested, and confirmed, that residents' attitudes to the environment and protected area management must be measured separately. As attitudes to the environment and its management are commonly combined, this is the first study to measure residents' attitudes to protected area management longitudinally. The findings revealed no significant shift in residents' attitudes to the environment but a significant positive shift regarding protected area management. Also tested were residents' attitudes to tourism, which were initially positive and shifted to be more positive. Finally, this study demonstrated significant negative environmental impacts, and an attitude-behaviour gap, which provide theoretical and practical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakfast consumption could have a synchronizer role in chronobiological functions. Across observational studies, the assessment of breakfast frequency consumption is heterogeneous, therefore consensus on the relation between of weekly frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of diabetes is unclear. We examined the relation between weekly breakfast frequency consumption and the incidence of diabetes in middle-age women. Since baseline (2006–2008) we prospectively followed 71,373 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Participants were classified according to breakfast consumption frequency of 0, 1–3, 4–6, or 7 days/week. Diabetes was identified by self-report and clinical-administrative databases. We used Cox proportional hazards multivariable models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breakfast frequency and diabetes adjusting for covariates. Stratified analyses were performed for age, birth weight, ethnicity, and physical activity. We identified 3613 new diabetes cases between baseline and 2014. The prevalence of daily breakfast consumers was 25%. The median follow-up was 2.2 years, interquartile range 1.8–3.8 years. Relative to women who skipped breakfast, those who consumed breakfast every day had a 12% lower risk of diabetes (multivariable HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 0.99; p-trend = 0.0018). One additional day per week of breakfast was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). In stratified analysis, the observed inverse relation appeared to be stronger in women aged ≥40 years and in indigenous women. Breakfast frequency was inversely associated with the incidence of diabetes independently of lifestyle factors. Regular breakfast consumption may be a potential component of diabetes prevention. • Higher frequency of breakfast consumption was associated to lower diabetes incidence. • Increased breakfast frequency could be a modifiable factor for diabetes control. • Breakfast regularity could be beneficial for diabetes prevention. • Four levels of breakfast frequency were analyzed instead of dichotomized categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that sexting—the practice of sending, receiving, and forwarding sexual messages on digital media services—is associated with poor mental health. However, few studies have moved beyond cross-sectional designs, demonstrating that individuals who engage in sexting differ in mental health from those who do not. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether sexting was associated with increases in depression symptoms and conduct problems over time. We analyzed data from three rounds of the longitudinal MyLife study among Norwegian adolescents (n = 3,000). The participants completed e-questionnaires containing instruments on sexting and mental health at three annual assessments. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were estimated to examine the effect of sexting on within-person changes in mental health, measured one year later. We also examined the potential reverse order of the effects. In accordance with findings from cross-sectional research, the analyses showed that boys who frequently engaged in sexting also reported more depression symptoms and conduct problems. For girls, we found only a significant between-person association for sexting and depression symptoms. However, sexting was not predictive of changes in depression symptoms or conduct problems over time. On the contrary, conduct problems predicted increased sexting scores but only for girls. Our results suggest that efforts to reduce sexting may not prevent mental health problems among young people. Intervention efforts should thus redirect attention from sexting as a driver of individual mental health problems to educating adolescents on how to perform safe and responsible sexting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quality of life of mild premature infants at 4 years may be similar to full-term. • Premature infants showed a high quality of life related to sleep and behavior. • Full-term infants presented better quality of life related to communication skills This hospital-based retrospective matched cohort study explored the association between preterm birth (PB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in preschool children. PB children were matched by sex and day of birth (1:2) with full-term birth (FTB) children (PB = 89, FTP = 178). The children's parent-reported HRQoL was assessed using the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire. The association between PB and HRQoL was examined using conditional logistic regressions. PB children were mostly moderate-to-mild preterm (64%) and exhibited a lower probability of presenting an HRQoL below the median in the sleeping (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23–0.91) and behavior (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.23–0.85) subscales. Conversely, this probability in communication HRQoL was higher in the PB group (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.01–3.64). PB was associated to better sleeping and behavior HRQoL, but poorer communication HRQoL. These findings could imply a potential normalization of developmental outcomes in moderate-to-mild PB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and excessive recreational screen time. Using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, we examined the associations of prospectively collected individual ACEs, ACE scores, and poverty with excessive recreational screen time (>4 hours) across different media types. We ran further analyses to investigate sex differences in the associations of ACEs with excessive screen time. The robustness of these associations were tested by controlling for sociodemographic factors. Among the included 11,439 adolescents (49.9% boys), those who experienced three or more ACEs were more likely to partake in excessive screen time compared to those with no ACEs after adjusting for covariates. This included recreational internet time at age 14, television time at age 14, electronic game time at ages 14 and 17, and social networking time at ages 14 and 17. We found similar associations between individual ACEs and excessive screen time. For example, parental mental health problems were associated with excessive recreational internet time (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 1.42), excessive television time (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28), and excessive electronic game time (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.56) at age 14. Boys showed stronger associations between certain ACEs and excessive screen time compared to girls. ACEs and poverty are associated with adolescents' later excessive recreational screen time, including excessive time spent on television watching, electronic games, and social networking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Kidney transplantation is not curative for FLD patients and renal disease develops again over time. • Elevated TG and non-HDL-C may promote the formation of LpX and accelerate renal function decline. • Markers of anemia may be early predictors of renal function decline in patients with FLD. • Corneal opacity has early onset, and its progression is not influenced by other disease outcomes. • Dyslipidemia should be controlled with lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency (FLD) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by very low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, corneal opacity, anemia, and progressive renal disease. The rate and severity of renal disease are variable across FLD patients and the biomarkers and risk factors for disease progression are poorly understood. Here we report a 30 year-long comparative analysis of the clinical and laboratory biomarkers in an FLD patient with accelerated renal decline, who underwent two kidney and one liver transplantations. Results show that elevated triglyceride and non-HDL-C levels may promote the formation of LpX and accelerate renal function decline, whereas markers of anemia may be early predictors. Conversely, corneal opacity progresses at a steady rate and does not correlate with lipid, hematologic, or renal biomarkers. Our study suggests that monitoring of markers of anemia may aid the early detection and timely management of kidney disease with conservative therapies. Furthermore, it suggests that controlling hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia may help improve renal disease prognosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We explored the combined effect of cardiometabolic multimorbidity on incident FOF. • The presence of multiple CMDs was associated with higher risk of FOF. • The CMD combination of heart disease and diabetes indicates the highest risk of FOF. • Older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity needs monitoring fall-related fear. Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have been individually associated with fall-related outcomes, but their combined effect on fear of falling (FOF) has not been investigated. This study aims to examine the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and FOF in older adults. Data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, 4,295 community-dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years were analyzed in this longitudinal study. CMDs were assessed at baseline, including heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension. FOF was evaluated by asking participants if they worried about falling in the past month. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted logistic regression. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was associated with a higher risk of FOF. The combination of heart disease and diabetes showed the highest risk of FOF (OR = 3.47, 95 % CI: 1.63–7.40). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the combined impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity on FOF in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Key summary points: Aim: Our objective was to study the predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in the cohort of the SCOPE project on falls, injurious falls, and possible difference of prediction between indoors and outdoors falls. Findings: No association of SPPB and falls was found in models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, number of medications, quality of life, handgrip strength, and muscle mass. While SPPB fails to differentiate between injurious and non-injurious falls (p = 0.48), a lower SPPB score was associated with falls at home (p < 0.01) after 24 months. Message: SBPP was not able to significantly predict the risk of falling as well as experiencing an injurious fall. Introduction: Falls and fall-related injuries in older persons are a major public health problem. Our objective was to study the predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in the cohort of the SCOPE project on falls, injurious falls, and possible difference of prediction between indoors and outdoors falls. Methods: For this sub-study of the SCOPE project participants reporting no falls at baseline, and survey data on falls at the 12-month and 24-month follow-up were included. Participant´s characteristics were assessed during the baseline interview and medical examinations. Falls as well as injurious falls and fall circumstances were obtained self-reported. SPPB and its association with fallers vs. no fallers at 12 and at 24 months were studied with logistic regression models. Results: The 1198 participants had a median age of 79 years (77–82), and a median SPPB of 10 (8–11), with a 52.5% of female. A total of 227 and 277 falls (12- and 24- month visits, respectively) were reported. In the crude model, the SPPB sum scores (p < 0.001) as well as most single item scores were significant different between fallers and non-fallers over time. However, the association was attenuated in models adjusted for age, sex, marital status, number of medications, quality of life, handgrip strength, and muscle mass [e.g., 12 months; OR 0.94 (0.87–1.02)]. While SPPB fails to differentiate between injurious and non-injurious falls (p = 0.48), a lower SPPB score was associated with falls at home (p < 0.01) after 24 months. Conclusion: SBPP was not able to significantly predict the risk of falling as well as experiencing an injurious fall. Trial registration: This study was registered prospectively on 25th February 2016 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02691546). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Elevating the SWB of older adults through healthy lifestyle choices constitutes a crucial pathway towards achieving successful aging. • SWB of the older adults can be augmented through habitual intake of vegetables and fruits, active involvement in physical exercise, and active participation in social activities. • Quitting smoking and drinking may not necessarily improve SWB, particularly in the context of China. There has been limited research on the relationship between health habits and subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese oldest older adults. This study aims to explore lifestyle factors associated with SWB in this population. We analyzed data from three waves (2008–2014) of the CLHLS, including 28,683 older adults. Lifestyle factors analyzed included fruit and vegetable intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, and social participation. Results suggested that high frequency of fruit and vegetable intake, current and past physical exercise, and high levels of social participation were associated with increased SWB. SWB was lower in older adults who never smoked compared to persistent smokers and in those who never drank alcohol or ceased drinking compared to persistent drinkers. We encourage older adults to enhance SWB through increased fruit and vegetable intake, physical exercise, and social participation. However, quitting smoking and drinking may not necessarily improve SWB, particularly in the context of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in serological status of community may be used as input for guiding the public health policy. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine change in seroprevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs). From the baseline multicentric study sample, a subsample was followed up, and a seroepidemiological study was conducted among them between 6 and 22 weeks after the second dose of the vaccination. Multistage population proportion to size sampling was performed for the selection of subsample of HCWs. The serosurvey was conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–based IgG antibody test (COVID KAVACH). Follow-up serological testing was done in subsample of 1122 participants of original 3253 participants. The mean age of the participants was 34.6 (8.13) years. A total of 300 (26.7%) participants were females. The seroprevalence was 78.52, (95%CI:76–80.1). Among those who were seronegative at initial test, 708 (77.04%) were seroconverted. Those who were not seroconverted (241 (21.5%)) have longer duration from the second dose of the vaccination (93 (31.4) vs. 56 (38.4); p value < 0.001). The COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with seropositive status and being a medical staff was associated with remaining seronegative on follow-up. The higher age (≥50 years) was found to be significantly associated with seroreversion. Four in five HCWs had detectable antibodies. Seroepidemiological studies carry vital information to control the public health response in the course of the pandemic. The study can also further help as a platform to study the seroconversion and effect of vaccination among HCWs for newer variants of SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: While a significant link between emotional well-being (EWB) and the gut microbiome has been reported recently, their temporal relationships remain elusive. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the longitudinal associations between EWB and the Shannon Index (SI), an indicator of gut microbiome diversity. Method: The analysis focused on a dataset that collected participants' current EWBand fecal samples in both 2019 and 2022 (N = 57, 56.1% female,Mage = 52.47 years, SD =12.65). Gut microbiome profiles were generated by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, from which SI was subsequently calculated. Results: The cross-lagged panel analysis revealed significant positive cross-sectional associations between EWB and SI in both 2019 (β = .296, SE= 0.121, p= .014) and 2022 (β =.324, SE= 0.119, p= .006). However, no significant longitudinal associations were found between 2019 EWB and 2022 SI (β =.068, SE =0.138, p= .623), nor between 2019 SI and 2022 EWB (β=-.016, SE= 0.13, p =.899). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that emotional happiness may be associated with gut microbiome profiles at a particular time point, but they may not serve as predictive factors for each other over time. Future research is needed to establish causal relationships between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of users of postpartum care services and compare the factors associated with utilization of these services for users and non-users. The focus was on postpartum physical and mental discomfort, childcare anxiety, qualities of partners regarded as the closest supporters, and the use of instruction in childcare techniques. Methods A longitudinal study using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was conducted from May 2019 to February 2020 with study participants at 35 weeks gestation and one month postpartum. Of the 2,402 women given the research information leaflet at the time of their antenatal checkup, 667 (27.8%) responded to the first self-administered webbased survey, and 448 (18.7%) responded to the second one. The 448 respondents who answered at both time points and indicated whether they used the postpartum care services were included in the analysis. The respondents were divided into two groups: those who answered that they had used the postpartum care services and those who responded that they had not. Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and student t-tests were performed on the investigation variables. Results Characteristics significantly associated with users of postpartum care services included the following: annual household income of at least 9 million yen, status as an employed woman, desiring to be pregnant, receiving a negative reaction from one's partner when becoming pregnant, first breastfeeding was the day following the birth, a strained relationship with one's partner at one month postpartum, and low scores on the Short Form-8 (SF-8) Japanese version of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) at one month postpartum. Conclusion In this study, the use of postpartum care services was associated with decreased physical quality of life (QoL) after childbirth. In addition to the need for rest, the relationship with one's partner might be related, suggesting the need to consider the relationship with the partner as a factor in deciding whether to use postpartum care services. In addition, financial difficulties associated with using the current postpartum care services also existed. Therefore, physical QoL, the relationship with one's partner, and financial support should be considered so that those needing postpartum care services can access them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated prospective bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the moderating effects of race, sex, and health behaviors in a diverse cohort followed for 30 years. Method: Data were analyzed from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a 30-year prospective study of young adults (N= 5,113; Mage= 24.76 [SD= 3.63] at baseline; 45% male) who were tested every 5 years between 1985 and 2015. Measures included biological assessments of MetS components and self-reported depressive symptoms based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Data analyses included bidirectional general estimating equations analyses of time-lagged associations between depressive symptoms andMetS. Results: Therewas a consistent, bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and MetS over time. Individuals with more CESD depressive symptoms were more likely to develop MetS over time compared to those reporting fewer symptoms, Wald χ²(1)= 7.09, p, .008, and MetS was similarly predictive of CESD.MetSmore consistently predicted CESD scores at each 5-year examthan CESD predicted MetS. Race and sexmoderated these relationships, withWhite females, White individuals overall, and females overall demonstrating significant relationships between CESD depressive symptoms andMetS. Health behaviors were not related to associations between CESD and MetS. Conclusion: In a diverse young adult population prospectively followed into late middle age, MetS more consistently predicted depressive symptoms over time than depressive symptoms predicted MetS. The relation between MetS and depressive symptoms was moderated by race and sex, but not health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Factors affecting intrinsic capacity decline in older people living in the community are derived from social issues. • Modifiable risk factors of intrinsic capacity decline in older people residing in community include education attainment, rural area living status, single relationship status, more than three children, social participation and the comorbidity. • Nurses in primary care settings need to work with older people, their families, the local communities, and the policymakers to address the root-cause of intrinsic capacity decline in community-dwelling older people. To identify intrinsic capacity trajectories, predictors of intrinsic capacity trajectories and associations between intrinsic capacity trajectories and care dependence in community-dwelling older adults in China. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted, and the data were obtained from a five-year national longitudinal cohort study of older adults in China between 2011 and 2015. The social determinants of health framework informed the data analysis and interpretation. A total of 3893 older adults met the selection criteria and were included in the study. Three intrinsic capacity trajectories were identified: high trajectory (15.7 %), stable trajectory (52.7 %) and declining trajectory (31.6 %). Social determinants contribute to intrinsic capacity decline in older adults. Decreased cognitive function, psychological status, and locomotion at baseline were associated with care dependence. Approximately thirty percent of the older adults in this cohort study experienced a decline in intrinsic capacity within a 5-year period. Social determinants contributed to this decline in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers can help differentiate cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The role of AD biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment and AD needs examination. METHODS: In 628 CU individuals from a multi‐ethnic cohort, amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured in plasma. RESULTS: Higher baseline levels of p‐tau181/Aβ42 ratio were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. A biomarker pattern (with elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 but low p‐tau181/Aβ42) was associated with decreased dementia risk. Compared to CU, participants who developed MCI or dementia had a rapid decrease in this protective biomarker pattern reflecting AD‐specific pathological change. DISCUSSION: Elevated levels of AD biomarker p‐tau181/Aβ42, by itself or combined with a low Aβ42/Aβ40 level, predicts clinically diagnosed AD. Individuals with a rapid change in these biomarkers may need close monitoring for the potential downward trajectory of cognition. Highlights: We discuss a multi‐ethnic, urban community study of elderly individuals.The study consisted of a longitudinal assessment over 6 years with repeated clinical assessments.The study used blood‐based biomarkers as predictors of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and stability of condylar positioning in patients treated with bimaxillary procedures compared with patients treated with maxillary procedures alone. All patients had undergone treatment at Odense University Hospital and were treated with inferior maxillary procedures. The primary outcome was changes in condyle position and the primary predictor variable was time: pre-operative (T 0) measurements to 1-week post-operative (T 1) and 1-year post-operative (T 2) measurements. Condyle movement was measured using dual voxel-based alignment. Sixteen patients were included. Seven patients underwent solitary maxillary procedure and 9 patients bimaxillary procedure. Bimaxillary procedures overall showed a condyle positional change in pitch from T 0 to T 1 and T 1 to T 2 compared to maxillary procedures alone. Condylar translation was stable despite large differences in positioning. Compared to solitary maxillary procedures, bimaxillary procedures showed a statistically significant anterocranial rotation at 1-week follow-up movement (3.95° vs. −0.95°; SD 3,74 vs 1,05; P value = 0.000) and an additional statistically significant anterocranial movement at 1 year after surgery (4.89° vs 0.60°; SD 3,82 vs 0,92; P value = 0.000). In conclusion a need for greater anterocranial stability of the sagittal split osteotomy than that provided by 3 bicortically fixated screws alone might be indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research offers little guidance on how competence-based brand factors can help transmitting positive word of mouth (PWOM). Building upon signaling theory, we propose that a brand's efforts into innovativeness reinforce the message that "we have the competence to deliver what promised," which in turn generates PWOM. We collected longitudinal survey data using two measurement waves with a 4 week interval among respondents from an online customer panel. The results indicate that brand innovativeness has an indirect positive relationship with PWOM, mediated by perceived brand expertise. We also find that altruism positively moderates the relationship between perceived brand expertise and PWOM. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several publications have reported the coexistence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and bladder dysfunction in children. Whether this dysfunction remains in the longer term is not yet known. This study revisited children who participated in the Swedish Reflux Trial (SRT) with the primary aim of evaluating whether bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) in these patients persisted until adolescence. The secondary aim was to evaluate two BBD subgroups, and relations to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). Of the 161 eligible children at SRT study-end, 73 children participated. Their bladder function was evaluated longitudinally using a validated BBD questionnaire with symptom score (cut-off ≥7) and uroflowmetry, at five (T2) and ten years (T3) after study-end. T1 was the SRT study-end. Besides BBD, the sub-diagnoses overactive bladder (OAB) and dysfunctional voiding symptoms (DVS) were calculated from symptom scores. BBD was diagnosed in 37% of children at mean age 3.7 years, which decreased with age to 23% of adolescents (mean age 15.7). DVS and OAB subgroups were equally common at T1, but only DVS was identified at the last follow-up (T3) (p = 0.0008). Recurrent UTIs were seen in 17% at T3 and were more common in patients with BBD (p = 0.038). The gender distribution of BBD also changed, from being equally common at the end of the SRT to affecting mainly adolescent girls at the last follow-up (p = 0.022). Information was available regarding VUR status after repeat VCUGs during follow-up in 22 patients, 12 of them after endoscopic treatment. An improvement in VUR grade was found in the 22, but during follow-up numbers with BBD or UTI did not differ between treated and non-treated groups. The prevalence of BBD decreased from 37% at 3–4 years of age to 23% in adolescence, when it was almost exclusively seen in girls. BBD and the subgroup DVS were associated with UTI. Even if epidemiological studies have established a predisposition to bladder symptoms and UTI in girls, little is known about bladder function in adolescents with a history of VUR during the first years of life. One limitation of the study was the number of patients participating. Also, the number of patients with kidney damage was more common in the cohort. In this longitudinal follow-up of BBD in children with VUR, the number of children with BBD decreased with age. In adolescence, both BBD and recurrent UTIs mainly affected girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives ‒ Overactivity is a characteristic of individuals with chronic pain. Previous cross-sectional studies demonstrated a relationship between perfectionism and overactivity. Therefore, the present study used a longitudinal design to determine whether pain severity and pain interference were exacerbated by overactivity and whether overactivity was exacerbated by perfectionism. Methods ‒ Participants with chronic pain were recruited using crowdsourcing. The participants completed the questionnaires at three time points: T1, T2, and T3 (September, October, and November 2021, respectively). The questionnaire assessed overactivity, perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, pain severity, and pain interference. We created cross-lagged panel models to examine the hypothesized relationships among pain, overactivity, and perfectionism. Results ‒ After excluding ineligible participants and invalid response sets, we analyzed the questionnaires completed by 666 participants at T1, 560 at T2, and 554 at T3. The average duration of chronic pain at T1 was 36.35 ± 53.53 months. Perfectionistic strivings were partially linked to overactivity, and pain interference was partially related to overactivity. Contrary to our expectations, overactivity did not predict pain severity or pain interference. Conclusions ‒ The hypotheses that perfectionism exacerbates overactivity and that overactivity exacerbates pain severity and pain interference were not supported. These results may have been affected by the quality of the assessment of overactivity. Therefore, further research with a refined evaluation of overactivity is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is now strong evidence to support the positive impact of place-based medical education on the recruitment and retention of the rural health workforce in Australia. Much of this work, however, has been undertaken in the context of 'extended rural clinical placement' - students undertaking part of their medical degree in a rural location. Until recently, there were only a few places in Australia in which students could undertake the entirety of their medical degree in a rural area. With the introduction of the Murray-Darling Medical Schools Network (MDMSN) initiative, this dynamic is changing. The MDMSN is part of the Stronger Rural Health Strategy and builds on the Australian Government's existing Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training Program to establish a network of rurally based medical programs in the Murray-Darling region. The MDMSN offers a unique opportunity to explore the effect of complete rural immersion during medical school on subsequent rural practice. This article describes the establishment of a research collaboration intended to ensure the harmonisation of research data collection from the outset of the MDMSN program. Methods: The MDMSN research collaboration is a longitudinal, multi-university program of work to explore the effect of rurally based medical school programs in the Murray-Darling region. Initially it has been agreed that administrative student data will be collected from existing university datasets to help characterise this novel student cohort. Each university will then distribute an entry survey to all first-year MDMSN students. The survey will collect demographic information as well as information regarding rural background, preferences and future practice intention. Questions have been aligned with and adapted from the Medical Schools Outcomes Database survey, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and from the literature. This information will be combined with graduate information from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. Results: The MDMSN research collaboration will work toward the co-design of research projects, to facilitate and progress multi-site research addressing nationally relevant research questions. Early research efforts are focused on our ability to better understand the new cohort of students embarking on rurally based medical education, their practice intentions and realisation. Subsequent work of the collaboration may lead to deeper understanding of the rural student experience, any effect of 'place', changes in student professional identity over time, and their relationship to subsequent rural practice. Conclusion: The MDMSN research collaboration is a proactive initiative that brings together data and experience from five new rurally based medical programs, and answers calls for multi-institution and longitudinal studies. It is uniquely placed to capture the impact of the MDMSN program, including the effect of complete rural immersion on the future practice location of these graduates. Ultimately, the combined research efforts of the MDMSN research collaboration will add knowledge to address the known rural workforce maldistribution, particularly how to attract and retain medical workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many individuals meet romantic partners, friends, and coworkers online before meeting in person. This study investigates the development of online-first partner perceptions, utilizing the imagined interactions framework to test the specificity, frequency, and proactivity of cognitions about an online-first meeting. Individuals chatted with a new partner in a lab. Their cognitions about the partner were measured two days later. Results show that individuals engaged in specific and frequent imagined interactions based on how similar they perceived their partner to be. In turn, specific imagined interactions increased idealization of one's partner over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between distressing symptoms and changes in disability after major surgery and to determine whether this relationship differs according to the timing of surgery (nonelective vs elective), sex, multimorbidity, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Background: Major surgery is a common and serious health event that has pronounced deleterious effects on both distressing symptoms and functional outcomes in older persons. Methods: From a cohort of 754 community-living persons, aged 70 or older, 392 admissions for major surgery were identified from 283 participants who were discharged from the hospital. The occurrence of 15 distressing symptoms and disability in 13 activities were assessed monthly for up to 6 months after major surgery. Results: Over the 6-month follow-up period, each unit increase in the number of distressing symptoms was associated with a 6.4% increase in the number of disabilities [adjusted rate ratio (RR): 1.064; 95% CI: 1.053, 1.074]. The corresponding increases were 4.0% (adjusted RR: 1.040; 95% CI: 1.030, 1.050) and 8.3% (adjusted RR: 1.083; 95% CI: 1.066, 1.101) for nonelective and elective surgeries. Based on exposure to multiple (ie, 2 or more) distressing symptoms, the adjusted RRs (95% CI) were 1.43 (1.35, 1.50), 1.24 (1.17, 1.31), and 1.61 (1.48, 1.75) for all, nonelective, and elective surgeries. Statistically significant associations were observed for each of the other subgroups with the exception of individual-level socioeconomic disadvantage for the number of distressing symptoms. Conclusions: Distressing symptoms are independently associated with worsening disability, providing a potential target for improving functional outcomes after major surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to identify profiles of modifiable, late‐life lifestyle health behaviors related to subsequent maintenance of cognition and explore sociodemographics and health characteristics as effect modifiers. METHODS: Analyses used data from 715 older adults without baseline dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and with lifestyle health behaviors (physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, social activity) at baseline and ≥ 2 annual assessments of cognition. We used latent profile analysis to group participants based on behavior patterns and assessed change in cognition by group. RESULTS: Three latent profiles were identified: high (n = 183), moderate (n = 441), and low (n = 91) engagement in health behaviors. Compared to high engagement, the moderate (mean difference [MD] = ‐0.02, 95% CI = [‐0.03;‐0.0002], p = 0.048) and low (MD = ‐0.06, 95% CI = [‐0.08;‐0.03], p < 0.0001) groups had faster annual rates of decline in global cognition, with no significant effects modifiers (vascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4, motor function). DISCUSSION: Avoiding low levels of lifestyle health behaviors may help maintain cognition. Highlights: Latent profile analysis (LPA) captures lifestyle health behaviors associated with cognitive function.Such behavior include physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, social activity.We used LPA to examine associations of behaviors and cognitive function over time.Older adults with low lifestyle health behaviors showed more rapid decline.To a lesser degree, so did those with moderate lifestyle health behaviors.Vascular conditions and risks, APOEε4, or motor function did not modify the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Available evidence on outcomes at 5 years and beyond for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is mainly limited to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study documented the trajectory of functional measurement using the Oxford hip score (OHS) and floor-sitting posture in Japan for up to 10 years post-THA and investigated predictors of dissatisfaction at 10 years with THA. Patients scheduled for primary THA at a university hospital in Japan between 2003 and 2006 were enrolled in this prospective study. Overall, 826 preoperative participants were eligible for follow-up, with response rates ranging from 93.6% to 69.4% at each postoperative survey point. The OHS and floor-sitting scores were calculated using a self-administered questionnaire 6 times up to 10 years postoperatively. Patient satisfaction, including general surgery, walking ability, and activities of daily living (ADL), was assessed in the 10-year survey. The linear mixed-effects model demonstrated a postoperative improvement, peaking at 7 years for OHS and 5 years earlier for the floor-sitting score. The postoperative overall surgical dissatisfaction at 10 years with THA was very low (3.2%). No predictors of surgical dissatisfaction were identified in the logistic regression analyses. Predictors of walking ability dissatisfaction were older age, men, and worse OHS at 1 year postoperatively. Predictors of ADL dissatisfaction were poorer preoperative and 1-year postoperative floor-sitting scores and 1-year postoperative OHS. The floor-sitting score is a simple PROM suitable for the Japanese population; other populations would require a scale suitable for their lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates changes in profiles for students' key competencies corresponding to the implementation of competency-based education in South Korea. Using the Korean Educational Longitudinal Survey 2013, a total of 6,131 Korean secondary students' responses were analyzed. Our target sample is Korean students who were in 8th grade in 2016 and 10th grade in 2018. Three key findings were as follows. First, a series of latent profile analyses found three profiles for key competencies at two different time points, respectively: High-, Medium-, and Low-competency profiles. Second, latent profile transition analysis found membership changes over time, depending on students' ratings of the effectiveness of competency-based education. Third, a multinomial logistic regression found students' ratings of the effectiveness of competency-based education to be associated with students' profile membership in 2018. Implications for future research and contributions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on studies reporting a link between creative thinking and motor creativity, we investigate whether training motor creativity also positively influences creative thinking. In a longitudinal study design spanning two‐and‐a‐half years, we analyzed the relationships between the development of motor and figural creativity based on two distinct programs: a convergent‐oriented sport study program (COSP) and a divergent‐oriented study program (DOSP). Thirty‐three COSP and 31 DOSP students participated in a comprehensive creativity assessment at the beginning and end of their sport studies. A modified version of the BAST® movement analysis was developed to assess motor creativity. Figural creativity was tested via the TTCT. Although both groups were matched for motor and figural creativity, by the end of their sport studies, the DOSP students outperformed the COSP students in all analyzed motor creativity measures (fluency, elaboration, originality). Furthermore, DOSP students also developed significantly in aspects of figural creativity compared to COSP students. Nonlinear structure and teaching methods in the divergent‐oriented learning environment significantly enhance creativity in sports students by broadening not only their movement repertoire but also transferring these new bodily experiences into the figural domain. These findings support the concept of an underlying supramodal base for motor and figural creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Recent genome‐wide association studies identified new dementia‐associated variants. We assessed the performance of updated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using these variants in an independent cohort. METHODS: We used Cox models and area under the curve (AUC) to validate new PRSs (PRS‐83SNP, PRS‐SBayesR, and PRS‐CS) compared with an older PRS‐23SNP in 12,031 initially‐healthy participants ≥70 years of age. Dementia was rigorously adjudicated according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. RESULTS: PRS‐83SNP, PRS‐SBayesR, and PRS‐CS were associated with incident dementia, with fully adjusted (including apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4) hazard ratios per standard deviation (SD) of 1.35 (1.23–1.47), 1.37 (1.25–1.50), and 1.42 (1.30–1.56), respectively. The AUC of a model containing conventional/non‐genetic factors and APOE was 74.7%. This was improved to 75.7% (p = 0.007), 76% (p = 0.004), and 76.1% (p = 0.003) with addition of PRS‐83SNP, PRS‐SBayesR, and PRS‐CS, respectively. The PRS‐23SNP did not improve AUC (74.7%, p = 0.95). CONCLUSION: New PRSs for dementia significantly improve risk‐prediction performance, but still account for less risk than APOE genotype overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents is of great concern, especially in the vulnerable group of adolescents with chronic medical conditions. The aim of this study was to examine this impact on the mental health of adolescents with chronic medical conditions treated in a German pediatric outpatient clinic. Changes in the mental health status of adolescents with chronic medical conditions treated in a German pediatric outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored via validated screening tools for anxiety and depression. The relative risk for adolescents with chronic medical conditions to develop clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety or depression was significantly higher (odds ratio 1,78 [confidence interval 1.06–3.04]) during the pandemic. This study identifies the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential additional risk for adolescents with chronic medical conditions to develop clinically relevant signs of anxiety or depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are especially important for people who receive left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), given their lifestyle changes, LVAD-focused self-care needs and the potential for device-related adverse events. • Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical, mental and social health measures are advantageous for use in multiple chronic illnesses because they allow comparability of experiences across diseases/conditions. • Tracking changes in PRO outcomes across time in individual patients could provide patients and clinicians with the opportunity to identify positive and negative changes and ways to address them. Study participants (n = 272) completed 12 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical, mental and social health measures (questionnaires) prior to implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and again at 3 and 6 months postimplant. All but 1 PROMIS measure demonstrated significant improvement from pre-implant to 3 months; there was little change between 3 and 6 months. Because PROMIS measures were developed in the general population, patients with an LVAD, their caregivers and their clinicians can interpret the meaning of PROMIS scores in relation to the general population, helping them to monitor a return to normalcy in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ascertain to what extent parental and children's mental health wellbeing are inter-related over time. We used a birth cohort study of 5,217 children in Scotland followed up from birth to adolescence. We fitted a Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model for parental mental health and children's conduct problems and emotional symptoms. We included longitudinal patterns of poverty as the main covariate and some demographic control variables. The effects of parental mental health and child conduct problems and emotional symptoms on one another are roughly equal in early childhood. At younger ages, parents with poorer mental health tend to negatively affect their children's conduct and the conduct problems of a child seem to impact negatively on their parents' mental health. At older ages, it is children's emotional symptoms, but not conduct problems, that tend to have a reciprocal effect on parental mental health. Regarding structural inequalities, the effect of poverty on parents' and children's mental health is categorically the largest and continues to accrue throughout the whole period, intensifying mental health problems for both parents and children over time. Children's and parents' wellbeing is a bidirectional process. This interdependency needs to be acknowledged and addressed in policy. To foster children's wellbeing, we also need to foster parents' wellbeing. Furthermore, all interventions that address mental health and wellbeing in parents and children and that do not also tackle structural inequalities, such as poverty, will have limited success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are common health problems worldwide. LBP often coexists with NP; however, the association between these pains remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between LBP and NP, focusing on dose-dependent effects. This study used a 3-year longitudinal cohort data of people living in disaster-stricken areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake (n = 2,118). LBP and NP were assessed at 4, 5, 6, and 7 years after the disaster. LBP was categorized according to its frequency. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between LBP and NP, and the effect of preceding LBP on the subsequent onset of NP, according to the frequency of LBP. LBP was significantly associated with NP, and the association was stronger with increased frequency of LBP. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.40 (1.71-3.37) for "1", 3.99 (2.82-5.66) for "2", and 6.08 (4.40-8.41) for "≥ 3" in frequency when the absence of LBP was used as a reference (p for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, preceding LBP was significantly associated with subsequent onset of NP, and the effect was stronger with increased frequency of LBP. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.44 (1.62-3.68) for "1" and 2.68 (1.77-4.05) for "≥ 2" in frequency when the absence of LBP was used as a reference (p for trend < 0.001). LBP is associated with NP in a dose-dependent manner. The association between LBP and NP should be considered to effectively treat these pains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive resilience (CR) can be defined as the continuum of better through worse than expected cognition, given the degree of neuropathology. The relation of healthy diet patterns to CR remains to be elucidated. Methods: Using longitudinal cognitive data and post mortem neuropathology from 578 deceased older adults, we examined associations between the Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet at baseline and two standardized CR measures reflecting higher cognitive levels over time (CRLevel¯$_{\overline {{\rm{Level}}}} $), and slower decline (CRSlope), than expected given neuropathology. Results: Compared to individuals in the lowest tertile of MIND score, those in the top tertile had higher CRLevel¯$_{\overline {{\rm{Level}}}} $ (mean difference [MD] = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14, 0.55) and CRSlope (MD = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.48), after multivariable adjustment. Overall MIND score was more strongly related to CR than the individual food components. Discussion: The MIND diet is associated with both higher cognition and slower rates of cognitive decline, after controlling for neuropathology, indicating the MIND diet may be important to cognitive resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The health psychology literature has paid little attention to individuals' intention to vaccinate earlier. Building on regulatory focus theory, which proposes two distinct self-regulatory foci: promotion and prevention focus (Higgins, 1997), the present study tests whether, how, and why regulatory focus contributes to the intention to vaccinate earlier (IVE) and whether IVE predicts actual behavior. Method: This study used a longitudinal design with data collected at two-time points (3.5 months apart). At Time 1, 487 unvaccinated participants completed a survey assessing regulatory focus, ideal and ought reason for IVE (i. e., hopes/wishes and felt obligation/pressure regarding earlier vaccination, respectively), and IVE through leftover vaccines--vaccines that become available due to last-minute vaccination appointment cancellations. At Time 2, 364 participants reported on the attempts they made to get a leftover vaccine, whether they were vaccinated, and if so, the vaccination type (general vs. leftover vaccine), along with the date of vaccination. Results: A promotion focus was associated with IVE via ideal reason (b = .141, 95% confidence interval, CI [.085, .198]), whereas a prevention focus was associated with IVE via ought reason (b = .031, 95% CI [.012, .057]). Furthermore, both the promotion focus (b = .029, 95% CI [.016, .050]) and prevention focus paths (b = .006, 95% CI [.001, .015]) extended to vaccinating via leftover vaccines. Conclusions: The present study illuminates how regulatory focus, especially promotion focus, can be a predictor of earlier vaccination. Our findings suggest that promotion-focused messages highlighting desirable outcomes of vaccination may help encourage earlier vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Breast/ovarian cancer mortalities are higher in developed than in undeveloped areas. • The ASMR of ovarian cancer kept increasing in rural China, during 2004–2019. • Cervical cancer mortality increased, while uterine cancer decreased, in China, during 2004–2019. • The mortalities of breast/ovarian cancers are lower in China than in other countries. • The contribution of aging to the cancer mortality is more apparent in developed countries. • The ASMRs of breast/ovarian cancers are inversely related to the human development index. Female-specific cancers seriously affect physical and psychological health of women worldwide. We aimed to elucidate trends in the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer in female populations with different socioeconomic statuses in China and in countries with different Human Development Index (HDI). A longitudinal study was performed using the data of cancer death in China and other 39 countries. The mortality rates were standardized with the Segi's world population. Trends in the mortalities were exhibited by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between EAPC and HDI. In mainland China, female breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer accounted for 6.60 %, 4.21 %, 2.50 %, and 2.02 % of cancer death (n = 1,314,040) in women with 1,220,251,032 person-years, respectively. The ASMRs of cervical cancer (EAPC = 3.87 %, P < 0.001) and ovarian cancer (EAPC = 1.81 %, P < 0.001) increased, that of female breast cancer unchanged, whereas that of uterine cancer was extremely higher and rapidly decreased (EAPC = − 7.65 %, P < 0.001), during 2004–2019. The ASMRs of female breast and ovarian cancers were higher in urban and developed regions than in rural and undeveloped regions, in contrast to cervical and uterine cancers. The ASMRs of female breast and ovarian cancers were lower in China than in other countries, in contrast to uterine cancer. The ASMR of cervical cancer decreased, that of uterine cancer increased, in other countries during 2004–2017. EAPCs for the ASMRs of breast and ovarian cancers were inversely correlated to HDI. The ASMRs of cervical and ovarian cancers increased, in contrast to uterine cancer, in China during socioeconomic transition. Trends in the ASMRs of breast and ovarian cancers were inversely associated with HDI. These data help control female-specific cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of eating disorders and symptoms of dieting, food preoccupation, and oral control and internalizing/externalizing problems in a group of adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of N = 813 adolescents (age range = 14-15 years) was recruited in the general population and administered the SCOFF, EAT-26 and YSR questionnaires at two assessment points: before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and during it. In males and females, the YSR scores at T1 were significantly lower than T2, especially for the subscales of Withdrawn, Somatic complaints, Anxious/depressed, Social problems. As for the EAT-26 scores, adolescents scored significantly lower at T1 for all four subscales of dieting, food preoccupation and oral control. The prevalence of eating disorders among males and females increased respectively from 13.2% to 18.4% and from 17.5 to 25.3 from T1 to T2. This study confirms previous research showing an increase in eating disorders prevalence and higher psychopathological symptoms both in males and females adolescents during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In German primary schools, natural sciences and social studies are learned and taught in an integrative manner within a subject called Sachunterricht. To teach Sachunterricht in a high-quality manner, it is reasonable to assume that primary school teachers themselves require— among other things, such as knowledge about pedagogy, teaching Sachunterricht, and the various content areas of Sachunterricht—a distinct interest, academic self-concept, and sense of belonging regarding natural and social sciences. Furthermore, they should possess a solid interdisciplinary competence that enables them to teach natural and social sciences in an integrative way. In the present study, we conducted a longitudinal survey of pre-service primary school teachers from a German university over a period of 2 years to investigate the changes in their (self-evaluated) interdisciplinary competence; the changes in their interest, academic self-concept, and sense of belonging regarding natural and social sciences; and the correlations between these constructs. Our data analysis revealed a decrease over time in participants’ sense of belonging to natural and social sciences, as well as their (self-evaluated) interdisciplinary competence, while their academic self-concept in natural and social sciences remained stable. Participants’ interest in social sciences decreased, while their interest in natural sciences increased. Moreover, we found varying degrees of correlation between these constructs. In summary, the results of the present study provide important insights into the professional development of pre-service primary school teachers within university-based teacher education for teaching natural and social sciences in primary school. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Educational Research / Zbornik Instituta za Pedagoška Istrazivanja is the property of National Library of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• What is the primary question addressed by this study? This study examines predictors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 death among residents of long-term care facilities, using Swedish nation-wide data for the whole pandemic year of 2020. • What is the main finding of this study? We found that several factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 death. All-cause dementia was a particularly strong predictor of COVID-19 death, especially among those aged 65–75 years. • What is the meaning of the finding? These results provide important information on individual-level risk factors associated with negative COVID-19 outcomes, which is essential for adequate risk management in LTCFs during this and future pandemics. We analyzed predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 death among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Sweden for the pandemic year 2020 and its different waves. The study included 99% of Swedish LTCF residents (N = 82,488). Information on COVID-19 outcomes, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities were obtained from Swedish registers. Fully adjusted Cox regression models were used to analyze predictors of COVID-19 infection and death. For the entirety of 2020, age, male sex, dementia, cardiovascular-, lung-, and kidney disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were predictors of COVID-19 infection and death. During 2020 and the two waves, dementia remained the strongest predictor of COVID-19 outcomes, with the strongest effect on death being among those aged 65–75 years. Dementia emerged as a consistent and potent predictor of COVID-19 death among Swedish residents of LTCFs in 2020. These results provide important information on predictors associated with negative COVID-19 outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Aging is a dynamic process, and successful aging as a dynamic indicator also changes over time. • The successful aging of the elderly in China includes three heterogeneous development trajectories: high level-declining group, medium level-declining group, and low level-steady group. • Gender, education, marital status, place of residence, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and retirement pension were the influencing factors for the high level-declining group. Influencing factors for the medium level-declining group included gender, education, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and retirement pension. This study aimed to identify potential trajectory groups of successful aging in older adults and to explore the influencing factors of each trajectory group. We used four waves of longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018, which involved 1,949 older adults. The developmental trajectories were determined using growth mixture modeling (GMM), and the influencing factors of each trajectory group were identified using multinomial logistic analysis. We identified three different groups of successful aging trajectories: high level-declining group (45%), medium level-declining group (39%), and low level-steady group (16%). Gender, education, marital status, place of residence, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and retirement pension were the influencing factors for the high level-declining group. Influencing factors for the medium level-declining group included gender, education, self-rated health, life satisfaction, and retirement pension. Healthcare professionals should formulate targeted measures according to different trajectory categories to promote successful aging in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. To minimize the economic losses caused by this disease, M. hyopneumoniae vaccination is commonly practiced. However, the persistence of M. hyopneumoniae vaccine-induced immunity, especially the cell-mediated immunity, till the moment of slaughter has not been investigated yet. Therefore, on two commercial farms, 25 pigs (n = 50) received a commercial bacterin intramuscularly at 16 days of age. Each month, the presence of M. hyopneumoniae-specific serum antibodies was analyzed and the proliferation of and TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17A production by different T cell subsets in blood was assessed using recall assays. Natural infection with M. hyopneumoniae was assumed in both farms. However, the studied pigs remained M. hyopneumoniae negative for almost the entire trial. Seroconversion was not observed after vaccination and all pigs became seronegative at two months of age. The kinetics of the T cell subset frequencies was similar on both farms. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific cytokine-producing CD4+CD8+ T cells were found in blood of pigs from both farms at one month of age but decreased significantly with increasing age. On the other hand, T cell proliferation after in vitro M. hyopneumoniae stimulation was observed until the end of the fattening period. Furthermore, differences in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after M. hyopneumoniae vaccination were not seen between pigs with and without maternally derived antibodies. This study documents the long-term M. hyopneumoniae vaccine-induced immune responses in fattening pigs under field conditions. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of a natural infection on these responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, interest in mental health impacts is shifting from short-term to long-term outcomes. As part of a longitudinal online survey study examining mental health impacts of the pandemic, we assessed the risk of attrition bias related to a history of depression—a condition research shows can increase challenges of recruitment and retention. Among 5023 participants who completed the baseline survey, significantly more reporting a history of depression were lost to follow-up: baseline to 3 months: 497/760 (65.4%) vs 2228/4263 (52.3%), P < 0.001; 3 to 6 months: 179/263 (68.1%) vs 1183/2035 (58.1%), P = 0.002. Participants reporting a history of depression also had greater adjusted odds of a Patient Health Questionnaire-8 score ≥10 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.27, 4.84), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score ≥10 (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 3.07, 4.62), and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for DSM V score ≥ 28 (OR = 7.17, 95% CI 4.67, 11.00) at baseline, indicating a need to account for attrition bias when examining these outcomes. Similar considerations likely apply to other longitudinal survey studies and are important to address to ensure accurate evidence is available to support policy decisions regarding resource allocation and funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and falls over time is stable. • A significant bidirectional association between falls and depressive symptoms. • No gender differs in the relationship between falls and depressive symptoms. Falls and depressive symptoms are prevalent and costly. Although they are frequently interrelated, the nature of interrelationships between them was not well understood. Therefore, using longitudinal data, we aimed to explore whether there is a longitudinal bidirectional relationship between falls and depressive symptoms among older Chinese and whether this is different for men and women. Older adults aged 60 years+ who completed all 2011, 2013, 2015 waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study on falls and depressive symptoms were included (N=2,203). Random intercept multilevel models were used to analyze data. Significant bidirectional associations at between-person (b =0.09, SE =0.01, p <0.001) and within-person levels (b =0.05, SE =0.02, p =0.005) were observed between depressive symptoms and falls. When participants reported falls, they reported higher levels of depressive symptoms. However, no gender differs in these relationships. Regardless of gender, there are significant bidirectional associations between falls and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin female physique is idealized in modernized societies, leading many pregnant women to experience body dissatisfaction and avoid weight gain, as pregnancy directs their body away from the sociocultural ideal of thinness. However, not all pregnant women report body dissatisfaction and/or weight-control behavior. We aimed to discern how prepartum weight-related attitudes—thin-ideal internalization, drive for thinness, and appearance comparison tendency—influence changes in negative attitudes toward a pregnant body, body image, and weight-control behavior across pregnancy. Data were longitudinally collected from 208 Japanese pregnant women (M age = 27.0, SD = 1.74) across three pregnancy periods. Results indicated that overall, negative attitudes toward appearance change during pregnancy, weight-control behaviors, and restrained eating significantly changed across pregnancy. Moreover, those with higher prepartum thin-ideal internalization showed greater decreases in negative attitudes toward appearance change during pregnancy and greater increases in body dissatisfaction, whereas those with higher prepartum drive for thinness and appearance comparison tendency showed greater decreases in restrained eating across pregnancy. Our findings suggest that pregnant women with certain prepartum weight-related attitudes may experience an aggravation of body dissatisfaction while following dietary regimen during pregnancy. Thus, prevention programs may selectively help them reduce their negative body image during pregnancy. • Prepartum weight-related attitudes influence changes in attitude across pregnancy. • Data were longitudinally collected from 208 Japanese pregnant women. • Negative attitudes toward bodily changes and body image worsened during pregnancy. • Some prepartum weight-related attitudes may worsen body image and eating behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal associations with incident and persistent intrusive pain among rural South Africans. Methods: Longitudinal data from two consecutive waves in 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 in Agincourt, South Africa, were analysed. Pain was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory. Results: In all, 683 adults of 3,628 participants without intrusive pain in Wave 1 (19.1%) had incident intrusive pain in Wave 2, 94 adults of 254 participants who had intrusive pain in Wave 1 (38.3%) had intrusive pain at both Wave 1 and 2 (persistent intrusive pain). Furthermore, 358 (7.2%) participants had intrusive pain at baseline. In the fully adjusted model for people without intrusive pain at baseline, the study found that obesity (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63), depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34-2.08), PTSD (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.19-2.45), and poor sleep quality (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62) were positively associated with incident intrusive pain. Older age was positively, and male sex and daily alcohol use were negatively associated with incident intrusive pain. Furthermore, in the final adjusted logistic regression model, this study found that older age was positively, and underweight, overweight, and high sedentary behavior were negatively associated with persistent intrusive pain. Conclusions: Several modifiable risk factors for incident and/or persistent intrusive pain were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]