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To date, relatively little is known about the economic and medical impact of Lyme borreliosis (LB) on European health care systems, especially for the inpatient sector. This retrospective analysis is based on data provided for the years 2007–2011 by a German statutory health insurance company (DAK-Gesundheit) covering approximately 6 million insured. Total cost was calculated for a 1-year period both from the third-party payers and from the societal perspective, respectively. In our cohort the incident diagnosis of LB was coded for 2163 inpatient cases during the years 2008–2011. The median inpatient time was 9 days resulting in a median direct medical cost per hospital stay of 3917€ for adolescents and 2843€ for adults. Based on extrapolation of our findings to the German population, we would expect an average hospital admission of 5200 adults and 2300 adolescents (<18 years) for LB treatment incurring direct medical costs of more than 23 million Euro annually. The annual indirect costs due to loss of productivity would add up to more than 7 million Euro as assessed by the human capital method. Cases tended to accumulate between June and September with remarkable changes in disease manifestations in the course of the year documented in the coded secondary diagnoses. Also specific differences in the disease pattern of adolescents and adults became obvious. Age-specific incidence showed male predominance and a bimodal distribution. Incidence was highest in children aged between 3 and 17 (highest mean incidence of 29 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 6–9 year olds) with a second peak in 60–79 year old individuals. During the study period the nationwide inpatient incidence was 9/100,000 with marked regional variability. In summary, our study is one of the first European investigations on hospital care for LB inpatients and identifies LB as a possibly underestimated socioeconomic factor for health care in Germany.

The inclusive production of p± andK± mesons and of protons and antiprotons ine+e- annihilations has been measured at 34 GeV and 44 GeV center of mass energy; in addition p± mesons have been measured at 44 GeV c.m. energy. Differential cross sections and particle yields are given. At 34 GeV average multiplicities are: $$\begin{gathered} \left\langle {n\left( {\pi ^ \pm } \right)} \right\rangle = 10.9 \pm 0.5,\left\langle {n\left( {K^ \pm } \right)} \right\rangle = 1.76 \pm 0.20, \hfill \\ \left\langle {n\left( {p + \bar p} \right)} \right\rangle = 0.67 \pm 0.06 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and at 44 GeV: $$\left\langle {n\left( {\pi ^ \pm } \right)} \right\rangle = 11.1 \pm 0.5,\left\langle {n\left( {\pi ^0 } \right)} \right\rangle = 5.4 \pm 1.0.$$

We present an analysis of electroweak leptonic couplings from high statistics experiments on Bhabha scattering and μ pair production at an energy of 34.5 GeV. The forward-backward charge asymmetry of the μ pairs was measured to be −0.098±0.023±0.005. The data were found to agree well with the standard theory of electroweak interaction giving sin2θW=0.27±0.07. The leptonic weak couplings were determined to begv=0.000±0.170 andgA=−0.481±0.055. The data were also used to investigate a class of composite models for leptons.

A systems model is described for cassava, Manihot esculentaCrantz, two of its introduced herbivores, the cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa(Bondar), sensu lato, and the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihotiMat.-Ferr., the introduced CM parasitoid, Epidinocarsis lopezi(DeSantis) and coccinellid predator of the genus Hyperaspis.The systems model includes the effects of weather, soil nitrogen and water levels on the interactions of the system’s components. The model simulates the distribution of developmental times of cohorts initated at the same time, as well as the number and biomass (energy) dynamics of all populations over time. Biomass acquisition and allocation at the population and organism subunit levels (e.g. leaves, fruit, ova) were also simulated. A common acquisition (i.e. functional response) submodel was used to estimate daily photosynthetic as well as nitrogen and water uptake rates in cassava, in addition to herbivory, parasitism and predation rates for the arthropod species. This paper presents an overview of the systems model. Simulation results for the plant under pest free conditions were compared to field data. In addition, the model was used to estimate tuber yield losses due to CM and CGM feeding, and to examine the beneficial effects of introduced CM natural enemies as measured by reductions in tuber yield losses. Un modèle de système est décrit pour le manioc, pour deux des herbivores introduits de cette culture (l’acarien vert (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa(Bondar) sensu lato, et la cochenille farineuse du manioc (CM) Phenacoccus manihotiMat.-Ferr, pour le parasitoïde (Epidinocarsis lopezi(DeSantis)) introduit de la cochenille ainsi que pour une coccinelle prédatrice (Hyperaspisspp.) de la cochenille. Ce modèle de simulation tient compte des effets du climat, de l’azote et du régime hydrique du sol sur les interactions entre les composantes du système. Le modèle simule la répartition des temps de développement de cohortes entamées au même moment, ainsi que la dynamique du nombre et de la biomasse (de l’énergie) de toutes les populations au fil du temps. L’acquisition et la répartition de la biomasse au niveau de la population et des sous-unités intra-organismes (ex. feuilles, fruits, oefs) ont été également simulées. En vue d’estimer les taux quotidiens de photosynthèse, d’absorbtion d’azote et d’eau, d’herbivorisme, de parasitisme et de prédation pour les espèces d’arthropodes, un sous-modéle commun d’acquisition (c’est-à-dire de réponse fonctionelle) a été utilisé. Ce document présente une vue d’ensemble de ce modèle de système. Les résultats de la simulation pour les plantes non infestées ont été comparés aux données enregistrées en champ. En outre, le modèle a servi à estimer les pertes de rendement en tubercules dues à la cochenille et à l’acarien vert, ainsi qu’à observer les effets bénéfiques de l’introduction des ennemis naturels de la cochenille, en mesurant les réductions enregistrées dans les pertes de rendement en tubercules.

Summary The goal of this work was to determine whether intramyocardial pH can predict the resuscitability of the artificially arrested heart. Under Halothane. and Dipidolor-anaesthesia the experiments in dogs were made with cardioplegic cardiac arrest at a temperature of 35° C and 15° C. In other experiments ischemic cardiac arrest was used under different anaesthetics: Halothane, Dipidolor, Barbiturate, Chloroform, Penthrane and Ketamine. In both groups intramyocardial pH, the myocardial concentration of highenergy-phosphates (PKr and ATP) and lactic acid was analysed simultanously. The fall of myocardial ATP to 4 µmoles/g determines the end of the tolerable occlusion time, the so called “survival time” (t-ATP). At this point, the ischaemic heart is just able to recover without a prolonged recovery period. In all experiments, there is also a decline of intramyocardial pH during ischemia. In cardioplegic cardiac arrest the mean pH 6.17 (±0.03) accords to a fall of the ATP-content to 4 µmoles/g. This value was reached at 35° C after 45 min, at 15° C after 260 min. In ischemic cardiac arrest the corresponding pH mean value was 6.31 (±0.03) reached in a range from 17 min (Halothanegroup) to 5 min (Ketamine-group).