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In order to achieve high-reliability transmission and high-fidelity reception of important semantics over long-distance or unfavorable channel conditions, a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted semantic communication system (RIS-SCS) is proposed in this letter. To enhance the performance of RIS-SCS, an optimization problem on maximizing the semantic fidelity is formulated. This requires a cross-layer design of the beamforming in the physical layer and the network training in the semantic layer, which is intractable due to the different mechanisms and mutually coupled variables. To provide insights, an efficient hierarchical optimization framework is proposed, in which the active pre-coding beamforming vector at the source and the passive phase shifts at the RIS are first jointly optimized to form favorable channels, based on which the corresponding semantic neural networks are trained in an end-to-end manner. Simulation results verify the performance gains achieved by the proposed RIS-SCS. Specifically, under unfavorable channel conditions with severe path-loss attenuations or in power constrained regime, the proposed RIS-SCS demonstrates superior performance and robustness compared to the case without RIS. more...

The separation of C8aromatic isomers (oX: o-xylene, pX: p-xylene, mX: m-xylene, and EB: ethylbenzene) remains an enormous challenge in industrial production due to their similar molecular structures and physical properties. Porous materials with suitable pore structures and selective recognition sites to discriminate the slight structural differences of isomers are imminently needed. In this paper, MIL-47(V)with a three-dimensional (3D) grid structure of 10.5 × 10.5 Å2and a one-dimensional (1D) diamond channel was selected as the adsorbent. However, the mechanism of the adsorption and separation of C8aromatic isomers in porous materials still needs to be understood. Given the importance of C8aromatic isomers’ confinement in MIL-47(V)for adsorption and diffusion applications, it is important to understand C8aromatic isomers’ behavior in MIL-47(V). Here, we demonstrated from a simulation perspective that metal–organic frameworks MIL-47(V)with one-dimensional (1D) diamond channels can identify C8aromatic isomers. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have shown that organic ligands with guest response sites of MIL-47(V)can effectively distinguish between C8aromatic isomers by adaptation to the shape of a specific isomer. MIL-47(V)has high adsorption and an excellent separation sequence between C8aromatic isomers: oX > pX ≈ mX > EB. Significant differences exist in π–π superposition interactions between C8aromatic isomers and between C8aromatic isomers and the skeletons. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the unique pore structure and guest response characteristics of MIL-47(V). This work is identified as a supplementary instruction to experimental research and is expected to provide profound insights into research on developing C8aromatic isomers’ adsorption and separation and theoretical support. more...

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor microbiosphere. Currently, the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is unknown. Here, analyses of carbon isotope composition in a ~ 750 cm long sediment core from the Challenger Deep revealed noncontinuous deposition, with anomalous 14C ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench geomorphology. Microbial community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper ~ 27 cm differed from those at lower depths, probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter availability. At lower depths, microbial population numbers, and composition remained relatively constant, except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance, possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different magnitude. Evidence is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic populations. Such depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere. more...

The discharge of harmful and toxic pollutants in water is destroying the ecosystem balance and human being health at an alarming rate. Therefore, the detection and removal of water pollutants by using stable and efficient materials are significant but challenging. Herein, three novel lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), [La(L)(DMF)2(H2O)2]·H2O (LCUH-104), [Nd(L)(DMF)2(H2O)2]·H2O (LCUH-105), and [Pr(L)(DMF)2(H2O)2]·H2O (LCUH-106) [H3L = 5-(4-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)isophthalic acid (H3TZI)] were solvothermally constructed and structurally characterized. In the three Ln-MOFs, dinuclear metallic clusters {Ln2} were connected by deprotonated tetrazol-containing dicarboxylate TZI3–to obtain a 2D layered framework with a point symbol of {42·84}·{46}. Their excellent chemical and thermal stabilities were beneficial to carry out fluorescence sensing and achieve the catalytic nitrophenols (NPs) reduction. Especially, the incorporation of the nitrogen-rich tetrazole ring into their 2D layered frameworks enables the fabrication of Pd nanocatalysts (Pd NPs@LCUH-104/105/106) and have dramatically enhanced catalytic activity by using the unique metal–support interactions between three Ln-MOFs and the encapsulating palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Specifically, the reduction of NPs (2-NP, 3-NP, and 4-NP) in aqueous solution by Pd NPs@LCUH-104exhibits exceptional conversion efficiency, remarkable rate constants (k), and outstanding cycling stability. The catalytic rate of Pd NPs@LCUH-104for 4-NP is nearly 8.5 times more than that of Pd/C (wt 5%) and its turnover frequency value is 0.051 s–1, which indicate its excellent catalytic activity. Meanwhile, LCUH-105, as a multifunctional fluorescence sensor, exhibited excellent fluorescence detection of norfloxacin (NFX) (turn on) and Cr2O72–(turn off) with high selectivity and sensitivity at a low concentration, and the corresponding fluorescence enhancement/quenching mechanism has also been systematically investigated through various detection means and theoretical calculations. more...

Functional nanomaterials offer an attractive strategy to mimic the catalysis of natural enzymes, which are collectively called nanozymes. Although the development of nanozymes shows a trend of diversification of materials with enzyme-like activity, most nanozymes have been discovered via trial-and-error methods, largely due to the lack of predictive descriptors. To fill this gap, this work identified egoccupancy as an effective descriptor for spinel oxides with peroxidase-like activity and successfully predicted that the egvalue of spinel oxide nanozymes with the highest activity is close to 0.6. The LiCo2O4with the highest activity, which is finally predicted, has achieved more than an order of magnitude improvement in activity. Density functional theory provides a rationale for the reaction path. This work contributes to the rational design of high performance nanozymes by using activity descriptors and provides a methodology to identify other descriptors for nanozymes. more...

There is no unified planning standard for unstructured roads, and the morphological structures of these roads are complex and varied. It is important to maintain a balance between accuracy and speed for unstructured road extraction models. Unstructured road extraction algorithms based on deep learning have problems such as high model complexity, high computational cost, and the inability to adapt to current edge computing devices. Therefore, it is best to use lightweight network models. Considering the need for lightweight models and the characteristics of unstructured roads with different pattern shapes, such as blocks and strips, a TMB (Triple Multi-Block) feature extraction module is proposed, and the overall structure of the TMBNet network is described. The TMB module was compared with SS-nbt, Non-bottleneck-1D, and other modules via experiments. The feasibility and effectiveness of the TMB module design were proven through experiments and visualizations. The comparison experiment, using multiple convolution kernel categories, proved that the TMB module can improve the segmentation accuracy of the network. The comparison with different semantic segmentation networks demonstrates that the TMBNet network has advantages in terms of unstructured road extraction. more...

Abstract: Coking coal dust is extremely hydrophobic; therefore, combination with droplets in the air is difficult and dust suppression is challenging. Here, a dust suppressant spray for coking coal dust was studied in order to improve of the combination of droplets and coking coal dust. Based on monomer optimization and compounding analysis, two surfactant monomers, fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were selected as the surfactant components of the dust suppressant. The surfactant monomers were combined with four inorganic salts and the reverse osmosis moisture absorption of each solution was determined. By combining the reverse osmosis moisture absorption values with the water retention experimental results, CaCl2was identified as the optimal inorganic salt additive for the dust suppressant. Finally, the optimal concentration of each component was obtained using orthogonal experimental design i.e., AES (0.03%), SDBS (0.05%), and CaCl2(0.4%). The dust suppressant solution formulated using this method had a high moisture absorption capacity and excellent performance. Graphic Abstract: more...

Hepatic subcapsular hematoma (HSH) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy and is associated with elevated rates of maternal and foetal mortality. The rupture of an HSH is a critical situation that necessitates immediate and timely intervention to prevent loss of life. We present here, a case of a spontaneously ruptured massive HSH caused by preeclampsia. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature, encompassing 49 cases of HSH associated with pregnancy. If a pregnant woman with gestational hypertension experiences right upper abdominal pain with shoulder pain or radiating shoulder pain, it is crucial for her to have an urgent abdominal ultrasound because of the potential development of HSH and/or rupture. Our review of current literature suggests that opting for a caesarean section may offer notable advantages in preventing HSH rupture. more...

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In this study, various ratios of combined red, blue, and amber light-emitting diodes (rbaLEDs) were investigated for their effect on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid accumulation in eight Brassica microgreens. Total and individual (β-carotene, lutein, α-carotene, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin) carotenoids were increased 20–44 and 10–55%, respectively, under dose-dependent increasing amber–blue light and decreasing red in most microgreens. Lipophilic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant activities were significantly increased under higher amber and blue light fractions, while oxygen radical absorbance capacity was generally decreased. Under rbaLED in mizuna (B. rapa) microgreens, the lycopene epsilon cyclase (LYCε) expression was 10–15-fold higher, which resulted in downstream accumulation of α-carotene and lutein. Lycopene beta cyclase (LYCβ) was not significantly changed, suggesting that β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin were mainly controlled by upstream phytoene synthase and branch-point LYCε. Increased beta-ring carotenoid hydroxylase (CHXβ) expression was also consistent with lutein accumulation. This study demonstrated for the first time that amber LED was involved in the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis, thus a potential novel approach to production of antioxidant-rich microgreens. more...

The bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic compounds derived from gastrointestinal digestates of navy bean and light red kidney bean milks and yogurts were investigated in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Instead of being transported directly, the ferulic acid ester derivatives in common bean milks and yogurts were found to be metabolized into ferulic acid and then be transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer with an average basolateral ferulic acid concentration of 56 ± 3 ng/mL after 2 h. Strong anti-inflammatory effects were observed in the basolateral EA.hy926 cells of the co-culture model, and modulations of oxLDL-induced inflammatory mediators by the transported phenolics were verified to be through the p38 MAPK pathway. The present results suggest that the common bean-derived phenolics can be metabolized and absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against oxidative stress injury in vascular endothelial cells, hence contributing to the amelioration of vascular diseases. more...

Large size polysynthetically twinned crystals of Ti–46Al–8Nb alloy with a parallel lamellar microstructure were successfully prepared using a Ti–43Al–3Si seed by our new operation. A large amount of columnar B2 phase paralleling to the growth direction was found in the final lamellar microstructure. Higher growth rate (>30 mm/h) led to the failure of seeding process. Based on these results, a new mechanism is proposed to describe the seeding process of the hypo-peritectic TiAl alloys. The peritectic α phase is suggested to directly nucleate from the melt, and then act as nucleus for transformed α phase in the subsequent β to α transformation. At the higher growth rate, the appearance of β phase secondary dendrites and homogeneous nucleation lead to the failure of seeding process. High Nb addition leads to a large amount of residual β phase, and these β dendrites finally evolve into B2 phase. The room temperature tensile elongation was measured to be 11.9–18.5% for Ti–46Al–8Nb PST crystals, which is the highest ever reported value for TiAl based alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Current antibacterial systems face challenges associated with limited targeting ability and low antibacterial efficiency. Here, we used a “saccharide bridge” to promote accumulation of fluorescent-conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CNPs) around Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa). The CNPs contained bifunctional surface groups, including phenylboronic acid (PBA) and quaternary ammonium (QA) salts. Interactions between galactose moieties in lactulose and surface LecA of P. aeruginosapromoted specific binding of lactulose to the surface of P. aeruginosa. Lactulose on the bacterial surface in turn promoted CNP adhesion through CH−π interactions between the PBA group and fructose moieties of lactulose. In addition, the electrostatic interactions between positive QA salts and negative P. aeruginosawas preserved. This dual binding mode promoted the formation of covalent bonds between the CNPs and lactulose. Molecular docking studies have shown that cis-diols in the fructose structures of lactulose provide many binding sites for multivalent covalent bond formation in CNPs. Thus, through the use of lactulose as a saccharide bridge, a large amount of CNPs are actively and tightly bound to the P. aeruginosasurface. This effective accumulation of CNPs on P. aeruginosawas leveraged to efficiently kill the bacteria through reactions with toxic singlet oxygen from photosensitized CNPs. Notably, this killing mode is not subject to drug resistance. Hence, we demonstrate the ability to control the accumulation of antibacterial agents on a bacterial surface at the molecular scale. The saccharide bridge strategy offers a simple approach to improving bacterial disinfection efficiency. more...

There are abundant germplasm resources for Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujubaMill.), particularly in northern China. This study intended to assess the relationships and genetic structure of 48 cultivars of jujube derived from seven geographical regions in northern China using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Eight ISSR primers were selected for determining the genetic diversity of the 48 jujube cultivars, resulting in the amplification of 110 polymorphic bands. The average number of polymorphic bands for the ISSR primers was 13.8 and percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.8%. By analysis of the population genetic structure, the 48 cultivars were classified into two groups, with two homogeneous gene pools according to a Bayesian method. One group was comprised of cultivars from Central Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, and Henan, while the other group included cultivars from southern Shanxi, Beijing, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Hebei, and Henan. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic means cluster analysis also indicated two groups with similarity coefficients ranging from .58–.93. In some subgroups, there was a correlation between the genetic relationships among cultivars and their origins, but no relationship between genetic relatedness and cultivar uses. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 88% of the genetic variation was attributable to variation within populations. Our results provide a considerable amount of polymorphism data in 48 Chinese jujube cultivars, which may serve as a good foundation for further analysis of the correlations between phenotypic and genetic data in Chinese jujube. more...

Naturally occurring dietary peptides derived from gastrointestinal digestates of common bean milk and yogurt were studied for their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and anti-inflammatory activity in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Anti-inflammatory activities of these peptide extracts were found to be strongly associated with cellular uptake by the intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanisms underlying the cellular uptake were studied by examining the role of peptide transporter 1 and calcium sensing reporter. Three peptides, including γ-glutamyl-S-methylcysteine, γ-glutamyl-leucine, and leucine-leucine-valine, were found to be transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayer and detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A strong anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the basolateral EA.hy926 cells (co-culture model), as shown in their inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators of the nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal cascades. The results suggest that these peptides can be absorbed and possibly have systemic inhibition on inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, indicating potential preventive effects on vascular diseases. more...

The anti-inflammatory effects and cellular transport mechanisms of all-E-astaxanthin and its 9Z- and 13Z-isomers were investigated in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. All three astaxanthin isomers at 1.2 μM significantly reduced the TNF-α-induced secretion of IL-8 by 22–27%. Z-Astaxanthins, especially 9Z-astaxanthin exhibited greater anti-inflammatory effect than all-E-astaxanthin by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines COX-2 and TNF-α gene expression to 0.88 ± 0.01-fold and 0.83 ± 0.17-fold that of the negative control (NC), respectively. The anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin isomers were achieved via modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway as they down-regulated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IκBα from 5.3 ± 0.19-fold to 3.8 ± 0.33–4.5 ± 0.27-fold of NC. The scavenger receptor class B type I protein (SR-BI) was found to facilitate the cellular uptake of astaxanthin isomers. Its inhibitor (BLT-1) and antibody (Anti-SRBI) significantly reduced cellular uptake efficiency of all-E-astaxanthin (18.9% and 16.7%, respectively) and 13Z-astaxanthin (28.8% and 30.2%, respectively), but not of 9Z-astaxanthin. The molecular docking experiment showed that 13Z-astaxanthin had significantly higher affinity with SR-BI (atomic contact energy: −420.31) than all-E-astaxanthin and 9Z-astaxanthin, which at least partially supports the higher bioavailability of 13Z-astaxanthin observed in vivo by others. more...

The zinc finger protein (ZFP) transcription factor family plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of GmZAT4, a C2H2-type transcription factor, in abiotic stress tolerance. The complete coding sequence of the GmZAT4gene was isolated from soybean root RNA, which shows highest expression level compared with leaf, flower and other tissues. Using multiple sequence alignment and conserved domain analysis, we showed that GmZAT4is a typical C2H2-type transcription factor which is comprised of two C2H2 domains, including a highly conserved QALGGH motif, and implied the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in plant. A phylogenetic tree revealed that the soybean GmZAT4gene clustered with ZAT4from Glycine sojaand AZF1, AZF2, and AZF3from Arabidopsis thaliana. The mRNA expression levels of GmZAT4were determined in two soybean cultivars by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and compared. The results showed higher expression (up to 60, 25 and 4 times, respectively) in the drought-tolerant type (Jinda 74) compared to the drought-sensitive soybean cultivar (Jinda 53) following treatment with 18% PEG, 150 mM NaCl, or 100 µM abscisic acid (ABA). GmZAT4was ectopically over-expressed in A. thalianato determine its role in abiotic stress tolerance. GmZAT4overexpression enhanced the tolerance of A. thalianato treatment with 20% PEG and 150 mM NaCl, and improved the germination rate following treatment with 1 µM or 2 µM ABA. The expression profiles of marker genes in the ABA signaling pathway, such as RD29A, RD29B, ABI, and RAD, indicated that GmZAT4enhanced the abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the C2H2-type ZFP encoded by GmZAT4plays an important role in PEG and NaCl stress tolerance and ABA responses in soybean and A. thaliana. more...

Developing low-cost and multifunctional adsorbents for adsorption separation to obtain high-purity (>99.9%) gases is intriguing yet challenging. Notably, the ongoing trade-off between adsorption capacity and selectivity in separating multicomponent mixed gases still persists as a pressing scientific challenge requiring urgent attention. Herein, the ultrastable TJT-100exhibits unique structural characteristics including uncoordinated carboxylate oxygen atoms, coordinated water molecules directed toward the pore surface, and sufficient Me2NH2+cations in channels. TJT-100exhibits a high adsorption capacity and exceptional separation performance, particularly notable for its high C2H2capacity of 127.7 cm3/g and remarkable C2H2selectivity over CO2(5.4) and CH4(19.8), which makes it a standout material for various separation applications. In a breakthrough experiment with a C2H2/CO2mixture (v/v = 50/50), TJT-100achieved a record-high C2H2productivity of 69.33 L/kg with a purity of 99.9%. Additionally, TJT-100demonstrates its effectiveness in separating CO2from natural gas and flue gas. Its exceptional selectivity for CO2/CH4(10.7) and CO2/N2(11.9) results in a high CO2productivity of 21.23 and 22.93 L/kg with 99.9% purity from CO2/CH4(v/v = 50/50) and CO2/N2(v/v = 15/85) mixtures, respectively. more...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are electrophilic chemical species produced from incomplete oxidation. They have long been known as aggressive molecules that lead to direct tissue and cellular damage. Recent studies have reconsidered ROS as second messengers in the initiation and amplification of cell signaling, but how ROS regulate lung tissue and immune cell remain unknown. In this study, we used a LPS‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model to observe disease, progression and determine ROS‐related immune responses. We found that ROS play an essential pathogenic role in ALI, however, the major role of ROS in exacerbating ALI was increasing bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) B cells rather than eliciting tissue damage. Moreover, these pathogenic B cells are FasL+killer B cells, which reported to damage Fas‐sensitive target cells including pulmonary epithelial cells. Furthermore, via in vitro transwell assays and in vivo treatment with neutralizing antibodies. ROS promoted pulmonary epithelial cells to produce CXCL9 and CXCL10, which recruited B cells into BALF. These results demonstrated that during lung injury, instead of causing oxidative damage, ROS mainly serve as second messengers, interacting with tissue and immune cells to enhance immune responses that lead to more severe disease. ROS function as a second massager result in chemokines secretion and pathogenic B cells recruitment during ALI. more...

We develop a splitting Chebyshev collocation (SCC) method for the time-dependent Schrödinger–Poisson (SP) system arising from theoretical analysis of quantum plasmas. By means of splitting technique in time, the time-dependant SP system is first reduced to uncoupled Schrödinger and Poisson equations at every time step. The space variables in Schrödinger and Poisson equations are next represented by high-order Chebyshev polynomials, and the resulting system are discretized by the spectral collocation method. Finally, matrix diagonalization technique is applied to solve the fully discretized system in one dimension, two dimensions and three dimensions, respectively. The newly proposed method not only achieves spectral accuracy in space but also reduces the computer-memory requirements and the computational time in comparison with conventional solver. Numerical results confirm the spectral accuracy and efficiency of this method, and indicate that the SCC method could be an efficient alternative method for simulating the dynamics of quantum plasmas. more...

To master theoretical calculation for dust removal efficiency of high pressure atomization in an underground coal mine, the corresponding atomization characteristics and dust removal efficiency were both comprehensively studied in theory by virtue of related theories of hydromechanics and aerosol. According to actual measurements of flow coefficients and atomization angles of X-type swirl nozzle, computational formula was derived for atomized particle sizes of such a nozzle in conjunction with relevant empirical equation. Moreover, a mathematical model for applying high pressure atomization to dust removal in underground coal mine was also established to deduce theoretical computation formula of fractional efficiency. Then, Matlab was adopted to portray the relation curve between fractional efficiency and influence factors. In addition, a theoretical formula was also set up for removal efficiency of respirable dust and total coal dust based on dust size and frequency distribution equations. In the end, impacts of dust characteristic parameters on various dust removal efficiencies were analyzed. more...

Accurate estimation of precipitation from satellites at high spatiotemporal scales over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remains a challenge. In this study, we proposed a general framework for blending multiple satellite precipitation data using the dynamic Bayesian model averaging (BMA) algorithm. The blended experiment was performed at a daily 0.25° grid scale for 2007–2012 among Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42RT and 3B42V7, Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR). First, the BMA weights were optimized using the expectation‐maximization (EM) method for each member on each day at 200 calibrated sites and then interpolated to the entire plateau using the ordinary kriging (OK) approach. Thus, the merging data were produced by weighted sums of the individuals over the plateau. The dynamic BMA approach showed better performance with a smaller root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 6.77 mm/day, higher correlation coefficient of 0.592, and closer Euclid value of 0.833, compared to the individuals at 15 validated sites. Moreover, BMA has proven to be more robust in terms of seasonality, topography, and other parameters than traditional ensemble methods including simple model averaging (SMA) and one‐outlier removed (OOR). Error analysis between BMA and the state‐of‐the‐art IMERG in the summer of 2014 further proved that the performance of BMA was superior with respect to multisatellite precipitation data merging. This study demonstrates that BMA provides a new solution for blending multiple satellite data in regions with limited gauges. A new solution for merging multisatellite precipitation data setsThe dynamic BMA algorithm proved to be the most robustDynamic BMA weights for varying spatial and temporal scales more...

Fluorescent micro- and nanosized particles have a broad range of applications in biology, medicine, and engineering. For these uses, the materials should have high emission efficiency and good photostability. However, many organic fluorophores suffer from aggregation-induced quenching effects and photobleaching. Here, we used a simple method based on covalently blending a fluorescent conjugated oligomer with silica nanoparticles to achieve emission quantum yields as high as 97%. The resulting system also showed excellent stability under continuous light illumination, in a range of pH values and temperatures, and in common solvents. This fluorescent material showed outstanding properties, including highly efficient blue emission, low cost, low toxicity, and easy synthesis. Furthermore, its effectiveness for latent fingerprint detection was demonstrated as a proof of concept on various substrates. The obtained emissive fingerprint powder gave good optical/fluorescent images with high contrast and resolution between the ridges and spaces. more...