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The B-doped high-entropy oxide cathodes demonstrate rapid ion diffusion kinetics, minimal volumetric changes, and superior electrochemical performance in the temperature range of −20 to 60 °C.

Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials are considered the most attractive for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and unique electrochemical behavior. However, the release of oxygen during charging and discharging, irreversible structure transformation, and severe side reactions of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials have seriously hindered their industrial applications. Based on the research results of Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials in recent years, this Review highlights the research progress of Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials in terms of structure, charging and discharging mechanism, as well as the current key problems such as capacity degradation, poor rate performance, serious voltage decay, low initial Coulombic efficiency, defects in the charging and discharging process, etc.; it also summarizes the specific modification strategies for the above problems, such as structural design, single-element doping or codoping, doping and coating, electrolyte additives, and so on. This Review also highlights the future development trends and commercial prospects of lithium-rich manganese-based materials, hoping to provide new ideas and insights for the advancement of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials, which will also contribute to the industrialization of lithium-rich manganese-based materials.

Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO)-based solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs) have emerged as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to the potential advantages of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), such as ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, chemical stability and electrochemical stability. However, there remain several scientific and technical obstacles that need to be tackled before they can be commercialised. The main issues include the degradation and deterioration of SSEs and electrode materials, ambiguity in the Li+migration routes in SSEs, and interface compatibility between SSEs and electrodes during the charging and discharging processes. Using conventional ex situcharacterization techniques to unravel the reasons that lead to these adverse results often requires disassembly of the battery after operation. The sample may be contaminated during the disassembly process, resulting in changes in the material properties within the battery. In contrast, in situ/operandocharacterization techniques can capture dynamic information during cycling, enabling real-time monitoring of batteries. Therefore, in this review, we briefly illustrate the key challenges currently faced by LLZO-based SSLBs, review recent efforts to study LLZO-based SSLBs using various in situ/operandomicroscopy and spectroscopy techniques, and elaborate on the capabilities and limitations of these in situ/operandotechniques. This review paper not only presents the current challenges but also outlines future developmental prospects for the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSLBs. By identifying and addressing the remaining challenges, this review aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of LLZO-based SSLBs. Additionally, in situ/operandocharacterization techniques are highlighted as a promising avenue for future research. The findings presented here can serve as a reference for battery research and provide valuable insights for the development of different types of solid-state batteries.

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have emerged as a prominent area of research interest due to their exceptional properties. Currently, there is growing interest in halide SEs, driven by optimized structural frameworks, advanced synthesis methods, and enhanced physico-mechanical deformability rooted in halogen chemistry. In this paper, we devote to describing the mechanism of ion transport kinetics in halide SEs, while also presenting an overview of the current research status and future development prospects in halide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). The application of modeling and theoretical calculations has provided a significant impetus to the field. In addition, it presents a summary of the potential sources of ion transport failure in halide SEs and the electrode|SE interface, and proposes effective strategies to address these issues. Ultimately, this paper provides a forward-looking perspective on prospective avenues of research in halide SEs, drawing insights from investigations into cycle stability and rapid ion conduction in this field. The review promotes our understanding on the dynamics of fast ion conduction in halide SEs, which offers valuable insights to guide the development of innovative halide SEs.

Transition metal oxide (TMO) anodes with multielectron transfer mechanism exhibit high theoretical capacity for lithium-ion batteries. However, the huge volume changes of TMOs during the lithiation/delithiation process limit their commercialization. High entropy oxides (HEOs) with unique component and structure adjustability demonstrate attractive lithium storage potential. While the inherently poor electrical conductivity of oxides remains a problem. Herein, the amorphous HEOs grown in situ on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through simple and rapid microwave solvothermal method followed by heat treatment. The composite shows high capacity and excellent cycle and rate performance. The HEO@CNT-60 with an optimal amount of CNTs added maintains a specific capacity of 560.1 mAh g−1after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1with the capacity retention rate of 86.4 %. The improved charge transfer kinetics and Li+diffusion rate together with the pseudocapacitance contributions are the main reason for the excellent electrochemical performance, which is related with the uniformly dispersed nanoscale active materials, the entropy stabilization mechanism, the synergistic effect of multiple transition metal elements and abundant oxygen vacancies, the good electrical conductivity of CNTs, and the tight heterogeneous interfaces between HEOs and CNTs. This report suggests a strategy to further exploit the lithium storage potential of high entropy oxides.

Metal tellurides (MTs) have emerged as highly promising candidate anode materials for state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). This is owing to the unique crystal structure, high intrinsic conductivity, and high trap density of such materials. The present work delivers a detailed discussion on the latest research and progress associated with the use of MTs for LIBs/SIBs with a focus on reaction mechanisms, challenges, electrochemical performance, and synthesis strategies. Further, the prospects and future development of MT anode materials are discussed in terms of strategies to overcome the existing limitations. This review provides both an in-depth understanding of MTs and provides the driving force for expanding research on MTs for energy storage and conversion applications.

• Low-Crystalline Sb@Sb 2 O 3 nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D porous carbon is fabricated. • The crystallinity and the radio of SB to Sb 2 O 3 have been precisely tuned. • The composite shows excellent electrochemical performance in K-ion batteries. Metal antimony (Sb) is a promising anode material of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) for its high theoretical capacity but limited by its inferior cycle stability due to the serious volume expansion during cycling. Herein, we design and construct a kind of low-crystalline Sb nanoparticles coated with amorphous Sb 2 O 3 and dispersed into three-dimensional porous carbon via a strategy involving NaCl template-assisted in-situ pyrolysis and subsequent low-temperature heat-treated in air. Significantly, the crystallinity and ratio of Sb/Sb 2 O 3 have been precisely tuned and controlled, and the optimized sample of HTSb@Sb 2 O 3 @C-4 displays a high reversible specific capacity of 543.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superior rate capability and excellent cycle stability (~273 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 2000 cycles) as an anode of PIBs. The outstanding potassium-ion storage performance can be ascribed to the appropriate crystallinity and the multiple-buffer-matrix structure comprising an interconnected porous conductive carbon to relieve the volume changes and suppress the aggregation of Sb, a Sb nanoparticle core to shorten the ion transport pathways and decrease the mechanical stress, and a low-crystalline Sb 2 O 3 as the shell to consolidate the interface between Sb and carbon as well as facilitate the rapid electron transport. The dynamic analysis shows that the composite is mainly controlled by pseudocapacitance mechanism. This work provides a novel thought to design high-performance composite electrode in energy storage devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In recent years, Nb-based oxides, especially Nb2O5, due to their unique structural advantages, have stimulated scholars’ extensive research enthusiasm in the field of energy storage systems including lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs), excellent chemical stability and outstanding rate capability dominated by pseudocapacitive nature. In addition, Nb-based oxides usually have a higher operating voltage (> 1.0 V vs Li+/Li), which can effectively prevent the decomposition of organic electrolytes and the formation of solid electrolyte interface films in batteries. This review systematically summarizes the different crystal structures of Nb2O5and the lithium storage mechanism based on theoretical calculations, as well as the comparison of various synthesis strategies. In addition, the advanced research progress of niobium-based oxides as anode materials in LIBs and SIBs is summarized from the perspective of nanostructure control engineering that affects electrochemical performance. It also puts forward reasonable cognition and challenges for future research, which is conducive to the design of energy storage equipment that meets the needs of sustainable development. Graphic abstract: The design and optimization of various synthesis methods facilitate the formation of a variety of heterogeneous nanostructures, leading to reversible storage of Li and Na ions.

Design and synthesis of advanced electrode materials with fast and stable ion storage are of importance for energy storage applications. Herein, we propose that introducing the heterogeneous interface in layer-structured mesocrystals is an efficient way to greatly improve the rate capability and cycle stability of lithium-ion battery (LIB) devices. NH4TiOF3mesocrystals were employed as a typical model system to demonstrate the idea. The NH4TiOF3mesocrystals were obtained via the hydrothermal reaction, and the NH4TiOF3/TiO2interfaces were generated through calcining at different temperatures under an argon atmosphere. Phase composition, microstructure, and chemical analyses show that the as-prepared NH4TiOF3mesocrystals possess “tablet-like” morphology, and the formation of the NH4TiOF3/TiO2interface can be controlled by the calcination temperature. When evaluated as the anode for LIBs, the optimized sample (NH4TiOF3calcined at 250 °C, NTF-250) shows excellent, fast, and stable lithium storage properties. Specifically, the NTF-250 electrode holds a reversible capacity of 159.5 mA h g–1after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g–1. At a high current density of 20 A g–1, the electrode still maintains a reversible capacity of 89.6 mA h g–1and reaches a reversible capacity of 128.6 mA h g–1at a current density of 1 A g–1after 2000 cycles. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the synergistic effects of the heterogeneous NH4TiOF3/anatase TiO2interface in the layer-structured NH4TiOF3mesocrystals lead to the upgraded electrochemical properties. Especially, the local build-in electric field induced by the nonuniform distribution of charge across the NH4TiOF3/anatase TiO2interface facilitates the charge transport during the charging and discharging cycling. The current electrode design strategy paves a new way in boosting stable ion storage and thus is of great interest in energy storage and conversion.

The application of modified transition metal telluride electrodes through (defect, compositing, and phase) engineering, including main cobalt telluride and (iron, nickel, zinc, copper, molybdenum, titanium) telluride in metal (Li, Na, K, Al)-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur and lithium-tellurium batteries, as well as aqueous zinc-ion batteries have been summarized.

Background: Drug repurposing refers to the application of existing drugs to new therapeutic indications. As phenotypic indicators of human drug response, drug side effects may provide direct signals and unique opportunities for drug repurposing. Objectives: We aimed to identify drugs frequently associated with hypohidrosis or anhidrosis adverse reactions (that is, the opposite condition of hyperhidrosis) from the pharmacovigilance database, which could be potential candidates as anti-hyperhidrosis treatment agents. Methods: In this observational, retrospective, pharmacovigilance study, adverse event reports of hypohidrosis or anhidrosis in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) were assessed between January 2004 and December 2021 using reporting odds ratio (ROR) estimates and categorized by the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification code. The onset time of drug-associated hypohidrosis or anhidrosis was also examined. Results: There were 540 reports of 192 drugs with suspected drug-associated hypohidrosis or anhidrosis in the FAERS database, of which 39 drugs were found to have statistically significant signals. Nervous system drugs were most frequently reported (187 cases, 55.82%), followed by alimentary tract and metabolism drugs (35 cases, 10.45%), genitourinary system and sex hormones (28 cases, 8.36%), and dermatologicals (22 cases, 6.57%). The top 3 drug subclasses were antiepileptics, drugs for urinary frequency and incontinence, and antidepressants. Taking disproportionality signals, pharmacological characteristics of drugs and appropriate onset time into consideration, the main putative drugs for hyperhidrosis were glycopyrronium, solifenacin, oxybutynin, and botulinum toxin type A. Other drugs, such as topiramate, zonisamide, agalsidase beta, finasteride, metformin, lamotrigine, citalopram, ciprofloxacin, bupropion, duloxetine, aripiprazole, prednisolone, and risperidone need more investigation. Conclusions: Several candidate agents among hypohidrosis or anhidrosis-related drugs were identified that may be redirected for diminishing sweat production. There are affirmative data for some candidate drugs, and the remaining proposed candidate drugs without already known sweat reduction mechanisms of action should be further explored.

Surface structure modification is an effective way to enhance light extraction of LED, which is limited by total internal reflection on the interfacial surface. The periodic surface structure manufactured by micromachining was proved to be a feasible way to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of LEDs. In order to obtain the highest LEE, need to optimise the structural parameters. In this paper, a simplified ray tracing optical model was built to find out a high performance microstructure parameters by simulation. Then, a mathematical model was built to further optimise the optical simulation results, obtained the optimal microstructure parameters for LEE. The performance of optimal microstructure was also studied by optical simulation.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) promise high energy density and operational safety by using high-capacity Li metal anodes (LMAs) and nonflammable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). However, the SSE/Li interface issues including high interface resistance, Li dendrite growth and volume changes seriously hinder the practical applications of SSLMBs. Herein, we employ a facile strategy to construct a high-performance composite lithium anode with ion/electron conductive network by introducing a fluoride ZnF2into molten Li. Taking the typical SSE of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12(LLZTO) as an example, the Li−ZnF2/LLZTO interface with a double-layer-like structure composed of LiF (close to LLZTO) and LiZn alloy (close to bulk Li) realizes intimate interface contact, stable electron/ion transport channels, uniform Li deposition, and Li dendrite growth suppression. The symmetric cells show a low interface resistance of 11.3 Ω cm2, a high critical current density of 1.3mAcm−2, and superior cycling performance of 2000 h at 0.1mAcm−1or 1350h at 0.4mAcm−1(25 °C). The SSLMBs paired with LiFePO4and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2show outstanding electrochemical performance. The key principles for the design of Li−MFx(M = Zn, Co, C, Al, etc.) anodes to form a double-layer-like conductive interface are proposed based on the control experiments. This work lays the foundation for development of high performance composite lithium anodes and practical application of high-energy-density SSLMBs.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) is one of a family of proteins inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, which has also been identified as a mediator for checking inflammation. Meanwhile, it is well known that inflammation causes the activation of the immune response. However, it is not clear whether TIMP-3 plays a role in the immune system. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel function of TIMP-3 in Th1/Th2 polarization through its influence on the antigen-presenting cells. First, TIMP-3 was found strikingly up-regulated by IL-4 during the differentiation of human dendritic cells via the p38MAPK pathway. Second, the expression of costimulatory molecule-CD86 was repressed by TIMP-3. Besides, the induction of IL-12 in matured dendritic cells was significantly inhibited in a PI3K-dependent manner. Furthermore, dendritic cells matured in the presence of TIMP-3 could stimulate allogeneic naive T helper (Th) cells to display a prominent Th2 polarization. Importantly, in an autoimmune disorder–primary immune thrombocytopenia, TIMP-3 showed a statistically positive correlation with IL-4 and platelet count, but a negative correlation with IFN-γ in patient blood samples. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo data clearly suggested a novel role of TIMP-3 in Th1/Th2 balance in humans.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) is one of a family of proteins inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases, which has also been identified as a mediator for checking inflammation. Meanwhile, it is well known that inflammation causes the activation of the immune response. However, it is not clear whether TIMP-3 plays a role in the immune system. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel function of TIMP-3 in Th1/Th2 polarization through its influence on the antigen-presenting cells. First, TIMP-3 was found strikingly up-regulated by IL-4 during the differentiation of human dendritic cells via the p38MAPK pathway. Second, the expression of costimulatory molecule-CD86 was repressed by TIMP-3. Besides, the induction of IL-12 in matured dendritic cells was significantly inhibited in a PI3K-dependent manner. Furthermore, dendritic cells matured in the presence of TIMP-3 could stimulate allogeneic naive T helper (Th) cells to display a prominent Th2 polarization. Importantly, in an autoimmune disorder–primary immune thrombocytopenia, TIMP-3 showed a statistically positive correlation with IL-4 and platelet count, but a negative correlation with IFN-γ in patient blood samples. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo data clearly suggested a novel role of TIMP-3 in Th1/Th2 balance in humans.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are most often repaired by two pathways in mammalian cells, homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining. Biochemical and genetic studies showed that DSBs can also be joined via microhomology-mediated end joining (MHEJ), which is always mutagenic and may result in diseases, such as cancer. In this study we established a human cell-based reporter system to determine the prevalence of MHEJ events and factors that modulate MHEJ. A nonfunctional puromycin acetyltransferase (Pac) gene, disrupted by an insertion flanked by two microhomologous repeats, was integrated into chromosomes of human HT1080 cells. Repair of DSBs via MHEJ using the repeats resulted in deletion of the insertion and restoration of the Pacgene function, thus rendering the cells puromycin resistant. Our results showed that MHEJ spontaneously occurs at the reporter locus (loci), manifested by formation of puromycin resistant (puror) colonies after culturing reporter cells in medium containing puromycin. The frequency of purorcells can be greatly increased by site-directed DSB inside the insertion. Our results also demonstrated that the frequency of purorcells is affected by the length of the repeat and by the size of the intervening sequence. Thus, this cell-based assay provides a platform for evaluating factors modulating in vivo MHEJ.

Antimony‐based materials are promising anode candidates for Na‐/K‐ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) but limited by the mediocre cycle performance due to the large volume change. Herein, a honeycomb‐like interconnected porous carbon framework embedded with CoSb nanoparticles is fabricated via a water‐soluble template‐assisted vacuum freeze‐drying technology followed by a heat‐treatment method. The CoSb nanocrystalline and 3D porous carbon matrix endow the CoSb@3DPCs composite electrode with a distinct structure, which buffers the volume expansion of Sb, shortens the diffusion distance of Na+/K+, and enhances the electronic conductivity. It exerts outstanding electrochemical properties in both SIBs and PIBs, such as remarkable cycling durability (the capacity is maintained at 211.2 mAh g−1after 500 cycles for SIBs and 287.5 mAh g−1for PIBs) and rate capability (144 mAh g−1at 5 A g−1for SIBs and 134 mAh g−1at 5 A g−1for PIBs). The kinetic analysis shows that up to 79% and 65% pseudocapacitance contributions for SIBs and PIBs are observed for CoSb@3DPCs at 4.0 mV s−1. Herein, an ingenious design route and simple preparation method toward exploring the high‐property electrode for PIBs and SIBs is provided, and broad application prospects in other electrochemical applications are opened up. A honeycomb‐like interconnected porous carbon framework embedded with CoSb nanoparticles is successfully synthesized by a facile NaCl template‐assisted in situ catalytic strategy and used as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Benefiting from the unique structure, the as‐prepared CoSb@3DPCs delivers an excellent electrochemical performance.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide materials show potential for use in alkali metal ion batteries owing to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, the electrochemical energy storage performance is still impaired by the tendency of aggregation, volume, and morphological change during the conversion reaction and poor intrinsic conductivity. Until now, ultrathin molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with a metallic-phase structure on the inner surface of mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (M-MoS2@HCS) have rarely been investigated as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. In this work, a novel M-MoS2@HCS anode was designed and synthesized by employing a template-assisted solvothermal reaction. Structural and chemical analyses indicate that the M-MoS2nanosheets with a larger interlayer spacing compared to their semiconductor counterpart grow on the inner surface of HCS via covalent interactions. When used as the anode materials for Na+storage, the M-MoS2@HCS anode presents durable and rapid sodium storage properties. The developed electrode shows a reversible capacity of 291.2 mAh g–1at a high current density of 5 A g–1. After 100 cycles at 0.1 A g–1, the reversible capacity is 401.3 mAh g–1with a capacity retention rate of 79%. After 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g–1, the electrode still delivers a reversible capacity of 320.1 mAh g–1with a capacity retention rate of 75%. The excellent sodium storage capability of the MoS2@HCS electrode is explained by the special structural design, which reveals great potential to accelerate the practical applications of transition-metal dichalcogenide electrodes for sodium storage.

A diaphragmatic tumor is usually caused by metastasis from lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, and malignant thymoma. Endometrial cancer is rarely involved in metastasis to the diaphragm. A right anterior mediastinal tumor was found in a 60-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. There was initially no relationship between the right anterior mediastinal tumor and endometrial carcinoma. Radical curative surgery was performed for endometrial carcinoma. The endometrial carcinoma stage was IA. The patient was admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery 6 months after the curative surgery. Intraoperative exploration showed a tumor growing in the right diaphragm. Right diaphragmotomy was performed. Immunohistochemistry showed metastasis of endometrial carcinoma to the diaphragm. Endometrial cancer solitary metastasis to the diaphragm is rare. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility. Surgical treatment followed by a pathological examination is the most useful method for determining the diagnosis of a diaphragmatic tumor due to metastasis of endometrial cancer.

A NiCo2S4@PPy series with sheet stacking structure and suitable pore size distribution is successfully synthesized through a one‐step vulcanization process and polymerization process. Interestingly, the abundant sites and large electroactive surface area of NiCo2S4@PPy stacking structure are formed via the “etching effect” of S2−ions and ultrasonic oscillation effect, which render the morphology of NiCo2S4@PPy with a lamellar feature. In contrast, polypyrrole (PPy) with good conductivity provides favorable electron transport pathways for electrolyte ions. The as‐prepared sheet stacking structure NiCo2S4@PPy (NCSP‐3) electrode delivers good electrochemical properties with the highest specific capacitance of 1606.6 F g−1at 1 A g−1and excellent rate performance of 77.4% at high discharge rate of 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the NCSP‐3 electrode exhibits remarkable cycling stability, where the ultimate specific capacitance has no attenuation (retained at around 100%) compared with its incipient value after 20 000 cycles even at 20 A g−1. These promising results can be put down to the unique structure and synergetic effect of NiCo2S4and PPy, which ensure good conductivity, more redox reactions, as well as large specific surface area. This work has guiding significance for the general and low‐cost route design of high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. A NiCo2S4@PPy series with a sheet stacking structure and suitable pore size distribution is synthesized through a one‐step vulcanization process and polymerization process, which delivers good electrochemical properties and remarkable cycling stability even at 20 A g−1. The significance for the general and low‐cost route design of high‐performance electrode materials in supercapacitor applications is explained.

Rapid progress of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) highly relies on high‐performance electrode materials. Herein, a novel nanocomposite of CoSn alloy with a multishell layer structure confined in 3D porous carbon is constructed through a facile freeze drying and annealing treatment method. The skillful design effectively relieves the volume expansion of the Sn‐based alloy and enhances the combination between CoSn and carbon. Profiting from the synergistic effect of the multibuffer structure alloy and cross‐linked porous carbon, CoSn@SnOx/CoOx@C displays high capacity (912.6 mA h g−1after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (almost no capacity decay at 10 A g−1after 1000 cycles) when used as anode for LIBs. The presence of Sn–O/Co–O bond makes the nanoalloy tightly pinned on the carbon substance and the structure stability of electrode material is improved significantly. Furthermore, the porous carbon with plentiful defects offers abundant room for the volume expansion of Sn and ensures fast transport of electrons/ions. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) curves under different scan rates reveal that the charge storage of the nanocomposite is controlled by pseudocapacitive and ion‐diffusion mechanisms. This facile fabrication strategy and unique structure design can be extended to other composite materials for energy storage devices. A multibuffer structure of 3D CoSn@SnOx/CoOx@C is successfully synthesized by a facile NaCl template‐assisted in situ catalytic strategy, and used as the anode material of lithium‐ion batteries. Benefiting from a unique structure, the as‐prepared 3D CoSn@SnOx/CoOx@C delivers an excellent electrochemical performance (almost no capacity decay at 10 A g−1after 1000 cycles).