Search

The rumen undergoes developmental changes during maturation. To characterize this understudied dynamic process, we profiled single-cell transcriptomes of about 308,000 cells from the rumen tissues of sheep and goats at 17 time points. We built comprehensive transcriptome and metagenome atlases from early embryonic to rumination stages, and recapitulated histomorphometric and transcriptional features of the rumen, revealing key transitional signatures associated with the development of ruminal cells, microbiota, and core transcriptional regulatory networks. In addition, we identified and validated potential cross-talk between host cells and microbiomes and revealed their roles in modulating the spatiotemporal expression of key genes in ruminal cells. Cross-species analyses revealed convergent developmental patterns of cellular heterogeneity, gene expression, and cell–cell and microbiome–cell interactions. Finally, we uncovered how the interactions can act upon the symbiotic rumen system to modify the processes of fermentation, fiber digestion, and immune defense. These results significantly enhance understanding of the genetic basis of the unique roles of rumen.

A dual-shell Si/TiO2/CFs composite was synthesized through a simple method to deal with the intrinsic drawbacks of silicon-based anode, in terms of huge volume change, unstable SEI films, and low electronic and ionic conductivity. The inner rigid TiO2shell alleviates the huge volume expansion of the nano silicon, and the outer resilient carbon fiber, which is porous and staggered, is beneficial to the rapid transport of electrons and ions. The as-prepared Si/TiO2/CFs composite displays a superior reversible specific capacity of 583.4 mA·h/g, high rate capability and decent cycling performance. The dual-shell encapsulation method provides a guideline for other anode materials with huge volume expansion during the cycling process.

Sugars are important energy source and signaling molecule in plant, and sugar transporters such as SWEET (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) play important roles in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a gene named MdSWEET17was isolated from apple (Malus×domestic). Expression analysis suggested that MdSWEET17expressed in all tested tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit) and the transcript levels were different. Furthermore, MdSWEET17transgenic tomatoes and wild type were treated with drought. The results showed transgenic lines had higher drought tolerance and accumulated more fructose. Taken together, these findings indicated that MdSWEET17take part in drought stress response and the regulation of fructose.

Novel phenanthroimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized for in electroluminescent devices. They were characterized by means of 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR. The optical, electrochemical and thermal properties were also investigated. The relationship between the chemical structure and the properties of these materials was evaluated. Due to the conversion of the substituents onto the 2-imidazole position to the phenanthroimidazole ring, these compounds exhibite efficient emission from blue to yellow-green, red shifs in absorption and photoluminescence spectra. With respect to thermal properties and the oxidation potentials, it can be turned by varying the conjugation length of compounds and the length of alkyl chains. Mostly, all four compounds have suited HOMO and LUMO values, which can be used not only hole-transporting but also electon-tansporting materials in OLEDs.

The low-grade ludwigite is one of the complex and refractory ores. Based on the high energy consumption and inefficient in the grinding process and according to the microwave-assisted grinding principle, this paper studied the microwave absorption property of ludwigite and researched the effect of microwave heating on the grinding efficiency of it. The non-microwaved and microwaved samples were characterized with regard to the chemical components, mineral compositions, macroscopic structure and microstructure, grinding efficiency by methods of the chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grain size analysis, etc. The results indicated that ludwigite, with good microwave absorption property, was suitable for microwave processing. The grindability of microwaved ludwigite was related to the microwave power and microwave heating temperature. By the microwave heating temperature attained 500~650°C, many macro-cracks and micro-cracks were produced by thermal stress between different mineral interfaces, which resulted in the decrease of strength of ludwigite and easy levigation, but the mineral compositions had no obviously changed, which would not affect the subsequent magnetic separation. It was concluded that short, high-power treatments were most effective but over-exposure of the sample led to reductions in efficiency. Under the same conditions, the grinding efficiency of ludwigite was improved 24.54% higher than untreated ore, which significantly improved the grinding efficiency and reduced energy consumption.

With the international economic and trade exchanges, biological invasion has become an important factor in the threat of biological diversity and ecological environment. In order to prevent and control exotic species invasion, using of GIS-based geospatial technology to the potential distribution of invasive species risk assessment can provide the basis for ecological management of invasive alien species better, thus reducing the economic losses due to invasive alien species caused to our country. To this point, the study had done a secondary development based on ArcGIS Engine component. It used niche model to analysis and study potential suitable distribution of alien pests in China, conduct a risk assessment to them. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to access the prediction accuracy Analyzed the impact of the distribution of invasive alien species` main environmental variables. It provided a theoretical basis for ecological management of invasive alien species.

By the study of changes in housing prices in Chines domestic during 1997-2009, we establish a Chinese house prices constitution model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process. The model is including five elements, namely, land acquisition costs, construction costs, the state's tax policy, developers expected profits and cost of sales, which does not consider regional differences. Because China has a vast territory, the regional economic development is uneven and housing prices are quite different, we select the typical city to modify the model based on different types of urban land cost impact on house prices. Meanwhile,we analyze the affect of the five elements to house prices changes. Further,we taking into the influence of land to the house prices of different types of urban, and the justifiability of land prices are analyzed and evaluated quantitatively. According to the calculation results, analyzing the reasons of high house prices in China and some suggestions are given.

Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as main research tools, we study the relationship among e-derivative, algebraic immunity and resilience of balanced H Boolean functions.We get some theorems which connect algebraic immunity, annihilators, resilience, derivative and e-derivative of balanced H Boolean functions together. Besides, we also get the judgment of algebraic immunity and resilience for three classes of balanced Boolean functions by the e-derivative.

Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as research tools, we go deep into the internal structure of the Boolean function values. Cryptographic properties such as algebraic immunity, correlation immune and algebraic degree of H Boolean functions with Hamming weight of with diffusibility and the relationship between these properties are studied. Then we get the results of the mathematical expression of linear annihilators, the values of algebraic degree and correlation immune order, and so on.

Using the derivative of the Boolean function and the e-derivative defined by ourselves as research tools, we go deep into the internal structure of the Boolean function values. Additionally, by the methods of cascade calculations and analytic combinatorics, cryptographic properties such as correlation immune and algebraic immunity of H Boolean functions with Hamming weight of with diffusibility are studied. Then we prove the existing of m order correlation immune H Boolean functions ,and get the result of the sufficient and necessary conditions of algebraic immunity order is 1 of Boolean function with correlation immune order is m.

Damage of disaster to residents can be mitigated by urgent refuge. But the old way to plan urgent refuge is not reasonable. So techniques and methods are needed. Geographic Information System (short for GIS) as a new technique and method is of some import to planning urgent refuge. Calculating the impact of factors in each raster, distribution maps of Euclidean distance is got. Then, the maps of factor which get different weight index are calculated by overlay way. The last map is as planning urgent refuge. After that, the way is used in a country as a test application. The result shows that the way based on GIS makes planning urgent refuge more scientific and more reasonable. Planning the country urgent refuge proposed is worthy to use for reference.

Using the derivative of H Boolean functions and the e-derivativedefined by the authors as the research tools, we go deep into the internal structure of the Booleanfunction values​​, additionally,by the methods of cascade calculations and analytic combinatorics, cryptographic properties such as structural features, existence,balance and algebraic immunity of rotation symmetric H Boolean functions withdiffusibility are studied. Then we get the results that the Second Order rotation symmetric Boolean functionsare H Boolean functions,andthe results to the issues such asthe balance and algebraic immunity of rotation symmetric H Boolean functionsand the existence of the Third Order symmetric H Boolean functions are also be established.

The effects of fly ash on heavy metal uptake by rice and Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn availibility in contaminated acidic soil were investigated in this study. The fly ash was added at 0, 20 and 40 g·kg-1 dry weight soil, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of 20 g·kg-1 fly ash significantly improved dry weights of leaves, stems and roots of rice. While at the rate of 40 g·kg-1 fly ash, the dry weithts of leaves and stems of rice decreased. It was also showed that the application of fly ash substantially increased soil pH values from 4.0 to 5.1 and 6.4, and the higher increment was improved by the higher dosage. Further more, the addition of fly ash substantially decreased the avalibility of heavy metals, and the higher amendment dosage resulted in the lower NH4NO3 extractable heavy metal concentrations. These results demonstrated that the application of fly ash at 20 g·kg-1 might be an effective strategy to decrease rice metal uptake and remediate heavy metal contaminated acidic soil.

A series of 2,6-disubstituted-4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity against H460, HT-29, MDA-MB-231, U87MG and H1975 cancer cell lines were evaluated in vitro. Most of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent activity to the tested cell lines. The most promising compound 23(0.84μmol/L, 0.23μmol/L, 2.52μmol/L, 1.80μmol/L) was 1.0, 2.9, 29.3 and 4.3 times more active than GDC-0941 (0.87μmol/L, 0.66μmol/L, 73.8μmol/L, 7.77μmol/L) against H460, HT-29, MDA-MB-231 and U87MG cell lines, respectively.

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

A series of 1,4-substituted phthalazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the prepared compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activities against A549, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro. Among them, compounds 7a–7hshowed excellent selectivity for MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50values from 1nmol/L to 0.92μmol/L. A preliminary SAR study of these derivatives was performed.

Jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in regulating leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence in apple (Malus domestica) remain elusive. In this study, we found that MdZAT10, a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor (TF) in apple, markedly accelerates leaf senescence and increases the expression of senescence-related genes. To explore how MdZAT10 promotes leaf senescence, we carried out liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry screening. We found that MdABI5 physically interacts with MdZAT10. MdABI5, an important positive regulator of leaf senescence, significantly accelerated leaf senescence in apple. MdZAT10 was found to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 for MdNYC1and MdNYE1, thus accelerating leaf senescence. In addition, we found that MdZAT10expression was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which accelerated JA-induced leaf senescence. We also found that the JA-responsive protein MdBT2 directly interacts with MdZAT10 and reduces its protein stability through ubiquitination and degradation, thereby delaying MdZAT10-mediated leaf senescence. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the mechanisms by which MdZAT10 positively regulates JA-induced leaf senescence in apple.

Nitrate is a major nitrogen resource for plant growth and development and acts as both a crucial nutrient and a signaling molecule for plants; hence, understanding nitrate signaling is important for crop production. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to be involved in nitrate signaling, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown in apple. In this study, we found that exogenous ABA inhibited the transport of nitrate from roots to shoots in apple, and the transcription of the nitrate transporter MdNRT1.5/MdNPF7.3was noticeably reduced at the transcriptional level by ABA, which inhibited the transport of nitrate from roots to shoots. Then, it was found that the ABA-responsive transcription factor MdABI5 bound directly to the ABRE recognition site of the MdNRT1.5promoter and suppressed its expression. Overexpression of MdABI5inhibited ABA-mediated transport of nitrate from roots to shoots. Overall, these results demonstrate that MdABI5 regulates the transport of nitrate from roots to shoots partially by mediating the expression of MdNRT1.5, illuminating the molecular mechanism by which ABA regulates nitrate transport in apple.

The Green’s-function and the force- and energy-balance equations for steady states have been used to study the electron transport and its pressure effect with the influence of impurities and acoustic-phonons in Au1-xTixO3 octahedral crystal potential. The results show that there is a minimum temperature range of electrons as the center-of-mass velocity of electrons increasing, and external pressure effect plays an important role in the contributions of impurities and phonons.

A series of novel 2-hydrazinylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549, MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cell lines in vitro. Pharmacological data indicated that compounds 5b, 5c, 10aand 10gpossessed marked cytotoxicity, especially 10a(with IC50values of 0.81, 2.56 and 1.63μmol/L against A549, MDA-MB-231 and HT29 cell lines, respectively), which had emerged as a lead compound.

C8H18N8Cl2, monoclinic, P21/n(no. 14), a= 6.5246(3) Å, b= 7.7090(4) Å, c= 13.9243(6) Å, β= 101.240(3)°, V= 686.93(6) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0320, wRref(F2) = 0.0878, T= 302(2) K.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.