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The deoxygenation reaction is important to produce bio-diesel from esters of fatty acids and/or fatty acids. A novel Ni/beta catalyst with highly dispersed metallic sites, a hierarchical pore structure and a preferable Brønsted/Lewis acid sites ratio is prepared which exhibits deoxygenation and isomerization activities. To realize these goals, a microwave assisted alkaline treatment method was proposed. Compared to the conventional heating method, microwave assisted alkaline treatments are favorable to achieve homogeneous desilication and protect the Brønsted acid sites. When a microwave assisted alkaline treated beta molecular sieve is employed as a support, a decrease of the NiO particle size and the formation of Ni/silicate or aluminate complexes are observed. The deoxygenation of stearic acid shows that the Ni/Beta-2 catalyst has a high selectivity to iso-paraffin (i.e.33.8%). These results propose a rapid way to prepare hierarchical zeolites using a facile route which are important to produce bio-diesel fractions viadeoxygenation reactions.

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A version of an electric vehicle was developed and designed for the US market on the basis of the required domestic body structure. When compared with the original car, the new car body design leads to two major technical difficulties. First, the installation of high-voltage components such as the battery pack and other new energy sources increases the vehicle weight and occupies a great deal of its structural space; this limits the impact paths and the use of traditional structural designs, which greatly increases the design difficulty. Second, the USA, as an advanced automobile-using country, has well-developed laws and regulations for collision standards, vehicle operating conditions and evaluation standards. Using a combination of butterfly diagram analysis, bending moment management, section forces and other computer-aided simulation and analysis techniques, this paper presents a body structure design that can achieve a “GOOD” evaluation under the US Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) side impact body structure conditions by optimizing the force transfer path, the B-pillar deformation mode and the threshold support structure. The threshold support structure supports realization of the “GOOD” rating for IIHS side impact and helps the body to meet the crash requirements of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS214 and the US New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) requirements for side impact at 32 km/h and 75° angular pole impact.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.Full endoscopy spine surgery is one of the minimally invasive procedures for lumbar spine disease and is especially popular in East Asia. As for the interlaminar approach, lumbar recess stenosis can be manipulated through a uniportal bigger diameter working channel spinal endoscope or a smaller one, or a biportal arthroscope. Each kind of procedure has its advantages and shortcomings. Here, a novel experience in biportal interlaminar approach for lumbar recess stenosis is presented. A smaller uniportal spinal endoscope is adopted for biportal procedures rather than the arthroscope. Briefly, 2 spinal endoscope working tubes are placed onto the interlaminar window of the target segment. Both of the 2 working tubes can serve as either a viewing or working channel, which means that more flexible visual fields and instrument manipulation can be used during the procedures. Bigger surgical instruments can be used directly through one working tube, and the visual field can be provided by the spinal endoscope in the other working tube. Smaller surgical instruments can be used at the same time through the working channel of the endoscope. The 2 working tubes can change their roles according to the surgeon’s needs. This paper will describe the surgical technique and perioperative management.

As an important plateau cereal crop, hulless barley is the principal food for the Tibetan people in China. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is considered as the key enzyme for starch biosynthesis in plants. In this study, cDNAs encoding the small subunit (SSU I) and large subunit (LSU I) of AGPase were isolated from hulless barley. The results showed that SSU Iand LSU Iwere 1438 and 1786 bp in length with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1419 and 1572 bp. The ORF-encoded polypeptides of 472 and 523 amino acids were having calculated molecular masses of 52.01 and 58.23 kDa, and the pI values were 5.59 and 6.30. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that SSU Iand LSU Ihad the same phylogenetic trends with some species. Furthermore, expression levels in different growth periods and tissues of two hulless barley varieties were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression levels of SSU Iand LSU Iwere consistent with the total starch accumulation rate in endosperm. In conclusion, our data confirmed that SSU Iand LSU Iplayed an important role in hulless barley starch synthesis.

The Lopingian is one of the fastest rising periods of seawater strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in earth history, and its mechanisms and increasing rates of the 87Sr/86Sr evolution were still disputed widely. These disputations among researchers were caused mainly by timeframe selection (sections’ thickness or data of radiometric ages), and different stratigraphic boundaries and un-upmost dated ages. This paper examined published 87Sr/86Sr data of the Lopingian, and projected them on timescales based on evolutionary and age constrained conodonts fossils. 87Sr/86Sr evolution vs fossil constraining timescales was re-established in this period. This research suggests: (1) 87Sr/86Sr excursion projects on fossil zones can truly support 87Sr/86Sr evolutionary pattern in the period; (2) 87Sr/86Sr evolution provides a new approach for stratigraphic research of marine carbonate sections in lieu of biostratigraphic data; (3) 87Sr/86Sr stratigraphy works on marine carbonate sections of different sedimentation rates even between different basins; (4) the 87Sr/86Sr data and its shift was dependent on samples materials and chemical treatment methods; (5) the increasing rate of marine water 87Sr/86Sr in the Late Permian is suggested as 5.4×10−5/Ma or slightly lower; (6) sedimentation age and its 87Sr/86Sr of the Lopingian marine carbonate suggested as: DPRO=259-(RS−0.70695)/5.4×10−5±1 Ma.

The preliminary results from a new anterior-posterior surgical approach are reported.

Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-dust horizontal flux of near-surface was carried out in Tazhong from January to December 2009. By measuring the sand-dust horizontal flux throughout sixteen sand-dust weather processes with a 200-cm tall Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) sampler tower, we quantitatively analyzed the vertical variation of the sand-dust horizontal flux. And the total sand-dust horizontal flux of different time-series that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was estimated combining the data of saltation movement continuously recorded by piezoelectric saltation sensors (Sensit). The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0–200 cm, the intensity of sand-dust horizontal flux decreased with the increase of the height, and the physical quantities obeyed power function well. The total sand-dust horizontal flux of the sixteen sand-dust weather processes that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was about 2,144.9 kg, the maximum of one sand-dust weather event was about 396.3 kg, and the annual total sand-dust horizontal flux was about 3,903.2 kg. The high levels of aeolian sand transport occurred during daytime, especially from 13:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon. We try to develop a new method for estimation of the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport.

A two-year field observation of saltation activity was carried out at Tazhong area, the hinterland area of the Taklimakan Desert with highly frequent dust storms. From 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010, a piezoelectric saltation sensor (Sensit) was used to continuously collect the data on saltation activity at a level sand surface. Analysis on the data suggests that saltation activity can occur at any time of the year when conditions are favorable; however, the necessary conditions are rarely satisfied in most time. In the daytime of spring or summer, saltation activity can persist even over a continuous one-hour-or-so period. It is found that, from 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010, saltation activity accounts for more than 3% of the total yearly time, and it tends to peak in spring and summer months with strong winds. During winter months when winds are weak, however, it is often at a minimum. It seems that precipitation does not appear to be significant in reducing saltation activity in arid regions like Tazhong.

Financial supervision plays an important role in the construction of market economy, but financial data has the characteristics of being nonstationary and nonlinear and low signal-to-noise ratio, so an effective financial detection method is needed. In this paper, two machine learning algorithms, decision tree and random forest, are used to detect the company's financial data. Firstly, based on the financial data of 100 sample listed companies, this paper makes an empirical study on the fraud of financial statements of listed companies by using machine learning technology. Through the empirical analysis of logistic regression, gradient lifting decision tree, and random forest model, the preliminary results are obtained, and then the random forest model is used for secondary judgment. This paper constructs an efficient, accurate, and simple comprehensive application model of machine learning. The empirical results show that the comprehensive application model constructed in this paper has an accuracy of 96.58% in judging the abnormal financial data of listed companies. The paper puts forward an accurate and practical method for capital market participants to identify the fraud of financial statements of listed companies and has certain practical significance for investors and securities research institutions to deal with the fraud of financial statements.