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Amphiphilic Janus molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have emerged as promising candidates for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their low cost and exceptional interfacial properties. Nevertheless, research on the modification methods for Janus MoS2remains scarce. In this article, we prepared amphiphilic Janus molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (L-MoS2-C) by double-sided modification of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using a starch template method. Specifically, l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) with hydrophilic carboxyl group was grafted onto one side of the nanosheets, while cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with hydrophobic alkyl chain was used on the other. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) characterizations confirmed the functionalization of CTAB and l-Glu molecules over the surfaces of MoS2nanosheets. Benefiting from the amphiphilic properties, L-MoS2-C nanosheets presented excellent dispersion stability in brine and spontaneously accumulate at the oil–water interface, forming an elastic interfacial film. At 0–10,000 mg/L NaCl concentration, the size distribution of L-MoS2-C was centered in the range of 300–500 nm. At an ultralow concentration (0.005 wt %), L-MoS2-C can reduce the interfacial tension by approximately 60% and stabilize emulsions as an emulsifier. Furthermore, L-MoS2-C possesses remarkable wettability alteration capability, altering the contact angle of the quartz plate surface from 104.3 to 30.3°, thereby converting capillary resistance into driving force. Micromodel flooding and core flooding experiments demonstrate that these superior properties enable L-MoS2-C nanofluid to effectively mobilize remaining and residual oil after water flooding at an ultralow concentration, contributing an additional 15.1% oil recovery. This work introduces a novel amphiphilic modification method for MoS2, offering a low-cost, high-performance, and highly promising nanoflooding agent for tertiary oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs.

Cu-SSZ-13 has been commercialized for selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3–SCR) to remove NOxfrom diesel exhaust. As its synthesis usually requires toxic and costly organic templates, the discovery of alternative Cu-based zeolite catalysts with organotemplate-free synthesis and comparable or even superior NH3–SCR activity to that of Cu-SSZ-13 is of great academic and industrial significance. Herein, we demonstrated that Cu-T with an intergrowth structure of offretite (OFF) and erionite (ERI) synthesized by an organotemplate-free method showed better catalytic performance than Cu-ERI and Cu-OFF as well as Cu-SSZ-13. Structure characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicated that the intergrowth structure promoted more isolated Cu2+located at the 6MR of the intergrowth interface, resulting in a better hydrothermal stability of Cu-T than Cu-ERI and Cu-OFF. Strikingly, the low-temperature activity of Cu-T significantly increased after hydrothermal aging, while that of Cu-ERI and Cu-OFF substantially decreased. Based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra analysis and density functional theory calculations, the reason can be attributed to the fact that NH4NO3formed on the CuxOyspecies within ERIpolymorph of Cu-T underwent a fast SCR reaction pathway with the assistance of Brønsted acid sites at the intergrowth interfaces under standard SCR reaction conditions. Significantly, Cu-T exhibited a wider temperature window at a catalytic activity of over 90% than Cu-SSZ-13 (175–550 vs 175–500 °C for fresh and 225–500 vs 250–400 °C for hydrothermal treatment). This work provides a new direction for the design of high-performance NH3–SCR catalysts in terms of the interplay of the intergrowth structure of zeolites.

Wireless body area network (WBAN) makes a remarkable contribution to healthcare. However, WBAN is faced with problems such as energy shortage and radiation safety. The existing researches on WBAN routing protocol tend to focus on energy saving, but ignore other problems. Therefore, in this paper, an energy efficient on-demand multi-path routing protocol for WBAN is proposed to prolong the network lifetime while ensuring the user's radiation security and quality of service (QoS). Firstly, a cost function is constructed, which linearly combines the node residual energy ratio, the specific absorption rate (SAR), the buffer remaining space ratio and the node movement metric parameters. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted to calculate the weight vector of the cost function. Thirdly, the standard ad hoc on-demand multi-path distance vector protocol (AOMDV) is used as the base routing protocol and its routing mechanism is tuned to meet WBAN performance requirements using the cost function provided. Simulation results show that the revised routing protocol has better performance in terms of network throughput, average end-to-end delay and energy efficiency in a variety of simulation scenarios.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) harm the environment and human health and have been of wide concern and purified efficiently by catalytic oxidation. Spinel oxides, mainly composed of transition metal elements with low price and extensive sources, have been widely investigated as efficient and stable catalysts for VOCs oxidation due to their adjustable element composition, flexible structure, and high thermal/chemical stability. However, it is necessary to dissect the design of the spinel in a targeted way to satisfy the removal of different types of VOCs. This article systematically summarizes the recent advances regarding the application of spinel oxides for VOCs catalytic oxidation. Specifically, the design strategies of spinel oxides were first introduced to clarify their effect on the structure and properties of the catalyst. Then the reaction mechanism and degradation pathway of different kinds of VOCs on the spinel oxides were in detail summarized, and the characteristic requirements of the spinel oxides for various VOCs purification were analyzed. Furthermore, the practice applications were also discussed. Finally, the prospects were proposed to guide the rational design of spinel-based catalysts for VOCs purification and intensify the understanding of reaction mechanisms.

Due to strong synergistic effect of the elements, a series of XEuMnOxternary oxides (X = Ce, Ni, Co, Sb, Sn, Mo) were synthesized by one-pot co-precipitation method, and composite components were identified and optimized to maintain high activity and superior SO2and H2O endurance in selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3(NH3-SCR). NOxconversion of CeEuMnOxternary oxide catalysts attains more than 90% at 100–250 °C, and finally achieves 74% under existence of 50 × 10−6SO2and 10 vol% H2O at 230 °C. The facile electron transfer through redox cycle of Mn3+ + Ce4+↔ Mn4+ + Ce3+and enhanced oxygen mobility can promote formation of more Mn species in high oxidation state and chemisorbed oxygen, accelerating oxidation of NO and the adsorbed NO2formed can facilitate “fast SCR” reaction to improve low-temperature activity. In situdiffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study reveals that addition of Ce to EuMnOxcatalyst boosts adsorption of NH3and NOxspecies. NH3species are activated as crucial intermediate (NH2) to promote NH3-SCR reaction. This research provides a novel material for practical deNOxapplication of stationary source combustion flue gas in the future.

Commercialization of the wireless body area network (WBAN) envisions future new normal for WBAN devices coexistence in a localized area. The coexistence may allow devices to freely change positions, associate, or dissociate with the neighbours as users interact. Devices’ interaction in a stationary or mobile fashion radiates heat and also competes for the limited network resources resulting to unreliable communication and other performance challenges. Besides alarming user safety, device mobility affects network performance through topology changes, which result to recursive link disconnections, energy waste, packet delay, degraded throughput, and congestion due to excessive control messaging during route repair. In this article, we propose WBAN performance optimization criteria focusing on improving energy efficiency, network throughput, and reducing the end to end delay in multiple existence schemes. Firstly, we propose an alternative routing algorithm, whose routing decision depends on a cost function considering the parameterized residue energy to node distance ratio, link energy reliability, and specific heat absorption in addition to node sequence number and hop count as fundamental route selection metrics. Secondly, we implement congestion control adaptation in the medium access control (IEEE 802.11MAC) mechanism, which improves throughput, reduces congestion, and delay. Due to link discontinuities during mobility, we demonstrate a comparative network performance to address the effect of WBAN speed at different hello intervals. The comparative analysis show, protocol implementation with a cross-layer approach outperforms the conventional protocol without MAC adaptations in terms of energy efficiency, network throughput, and a reduced end to end delay, by an average of 0.45%, 2.8%, and 13.7%, respectively.

In this work, hydrothermal treatment surprisingly enhanced the catalytic activity of the Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst in benzene oxidation. It was confirmed that hydrothermal treatment at 400 °C partially destroyed the bridging OH groups on the catalyst, which may weaken the anchoring ability to Pt particles. Thus, Pt particles grew into larger ones with high Pt0content and turnover frequency (21.69 × 10−3s−1). Besides, the in situDRIFTS demonstrated that benzene was more easily oxidized on hydrothermally treated Pt/ZSM-5.

•Cu/CaO DFMs obtained 100 % selectivity to CO.•Cu0.1CaO1 showed excellent cyclic CO2capture performance (11.34 mmol/gDFMsafter 20 cycles) and self-activated phenomenon.•Proposed CaL-RWGS mechanisms of Cu/CaO DFMs.

Surface lattice oxygen is crucial to the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over transition metal oxides according to the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism. Herein, λ-MnO2in situ grown on the surface of CoMn spinel was prepared by acid etching of corresponding spinel catalysts (CoMn-Hx-Ty) for VOC oxidation. Experimental and relevant theoretical exploration revealed that acid etching on the CoMn spinel surface could decrease the electron cloud density around the O atom and weaken the adjacent Mn–O bond due to the fracture of the surface Co–O bond, facilitating electron transfer and subsequently the activation of surface lattice oxygen. The obtained CoMn-H1-T1 exhibited an excellent catalytic performance with a 90% acetone conversion at 149 °C, which is 42 °C lower than that of CoMn spinel. Furthermore, the partially maintained spinel structure led to better stability than pure λ-MnO2. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy confirmed a possible degradation pathway where adsorptive acetone converted into formate and acetate species and into CO2, in which the consumption of acetate was identified as the rate-limiting step. This strategy can improve the catalytic performance of metal oxides by activating surface lattice oxygen, to broaden their application in VOC oxidation.

The severe hazard of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) to human health and the natural environment makes their abatement technology a key topic of global environmental research. Due to the existence of Cl, the byproducts of CVOCs in the catalytic combustion process are complex and toxic, and the possible generation of dioxin becomes a potential risk to the environment. Well-qualified CVOC catalysts should process favorable low-temperature catalytic oxidation ability, excellent selectivity, and good resistance to poisoning, which are governed by the reasonable adjustment of acidity and redox properties. This review overviews the application of different types of multicomponent catalysts, that is, supported noble metal catalysts, transition metal oxide/zeolite catalysts, composite transition metal oxide catalysts, and acid-modified catalysts, for CVOC degradation from the perspective of balance between acidity and redox properties. This review also highlights the synergistic degradation of CVOCs and NOxfrom the perspective of acidity and redox properties. We expect this work to inspire and guide researchers from both the academic and industrial communities and help pave the way for breakthroughs in fundamental research and industrial applications in this field.

•The current development status of membrane-cryogenic hybrid CO2capture processes were reviewed.•The advantages of hybrid process are compared with standalone membrane or cryogenic processes.•Potential cold-membrane materials and operation mechanism at low temperature is investigated.•The potential intensification strategies of membrane-cryogenic hybrid processes are also discussed.

In order to improve the real-time efficiency of expressway operation monitoring and management, the anomaly detection in intelligent monitoring network of expressway based on edge computing and deep learning is studied. The video data collected by the camera equipment in the intelligent monitoring network structure of the expressway is transmitted to the edge processing server for screening and then sent to the convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network uses the multi-scale optical flow histogram method to preprocess the video data after the edge calculation to generate the training sample set and send it to the AlexNet model for feature extraction. SVM classifier model is used to train the feature data set and input the features of the test samples into the trained SVM classifier model to realize the anomaly detection in the intelligent monitoring network of expressway. The research method is used to detect the anomaly in an intelligent monitoring network of an expressway. The experimental results show that the method has better detection effect. The miss rate has reduced by 20.34% and 40.76% on average compared with machine learning method and small block learning method, respectively. The false positive rate has reduced by 27.67% and 21.77%, and the detection time is greatly shortened.

The calcium-looping process based on the reversible carbonation/calcination of CaO is an advantageous candidate for thermochemical energy storage (TCES) in concentrated solar power plants. High volumetric energy density combined with high cycling stability is highly desired for CaO-based heat storage material. In this work, we report a simple compression strategy to regulate the meso- and macropores of graphite nanosheet (GNS)-supported CaO, thereby increasing the volumetric energy density of composite materials. Thanks to the separation effect of GNSs on CaO grains, the composite that underwent compression can still maintain high gravimetric energy density and cycle stability. Moreover, as a comparison, the effects of compression on the thermal storage performance of Al-doped CaO and pure CaO were investigated. The results show that compression would reduce the thermal storage stability of Al-doped CaO and pure CaO and worsen the mass transfer of CO2during the reaction. It further proves the superiority of the combination of compression and GNS-supporting strategies to obtain Ca-based TCES materials with high gravimetric energy density, high volumetric energy density, and excellent cycle stability.

A novel and efficient access to polysubstituted dihydropyranones was developed by N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed annulation reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and benzyl ketones under oxidative conditions. Various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with long‐chain aliphatic and aromatic substitution groups were compatible in this transformation, giving the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This strategy features simple and readily available materials and mild reaction conditions and provides a green and practical method for the rapid synthesis of functionalized dihydropyranones. Benzyl ketones, which have lower activity compared to dicarbonyl compounds, is used in NHC catalysis to construct polysubstituted dihydropyranones by [3+3] annulation. A broad range of substrates are compatible with this novel method, including aryl‐, long‐chain alkyl‐ and heterocyclic substituted substrates. Besides, the dihydropyranones could be conveniently transformed into pyrones via DDQ oxidation.

An unprecedented formal [5+2] cyclization of N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines with triazines has been realized, which provides a facile access to biologically important 1,2,4,6‐tetrazepine frameworks with overall high yields (up to 98% yield). This methodology is distinguished by not involving a metal catalyst, readily available starting materials, and operational simplicity, which involves the reassembly of two C−N bonds. A novel [5+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines and 1,3,5‐triazineshas been developed, affording tetrazepine derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. This simple but efficient protocol features cycloaddition of two reactive species in the absence of a transition‐metal catalyst.

Hydrogenolysis of lignin to obtain value-added phenolic chemicals is an important approach for its comprehensive utilization. Herein, H4Nb2O7modified MoS2catalyst with short slabs and narrow stacking degree was successfully synthesized by the one step hydrothermal method and used in the selective demethylation of anisole to phenol. The MoS2–H4Nb2O7-160 catalyst exhibited the best activity with 97.7% conversion of anisole and 98.0% selectivity of phenol under 3 MPa H2pressure at 270 °C for 4 h, which has been rarely reported on anisole transformation over heterogeneous catalysts so far. The characterizations results demonstrated that the H4Nb2O7modification reduced the slab length and stacking degree of MoS2during the hydrothermal process and enhanced the acidity property therefore improved the cleavage ability of CArO–CH3bond. This study provides a new scheme for the activity enhancement of MoS2in lignin demethylation, laying a foundation on the improvement of lignin utilization and the development of renewable energy strategy.

With the rapid development of industries, VOC emissions harmful to the human body and the environment have also increased rapidly. At present, catalytic oxidation technology is regarded as one of the most promising methods to remove VOCs, which focuses on the reasonable design of the catalyst. Traditional catalysts often encounter problems such as non-uniform dispersion, high-temperature sintering, and poisoning of the active components, which influences the final performance of catalysts. Confined-structure catalysts can solve the above issues very well because the active phase can be fixed in the limited space to improve its dispersity and stability. In recent years, research in this area has become a hotspot. Therefore, this review firstly summarizes the synthetic method, characterization technology, and practical applications of the four most common confined-limited structures for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs: (a) core–shell structure, (b) channel packaging structure, (c) two-dimensional interface induced structure, and (d) defect-derived structure. Finally, the developmental perspectives and challenges of such catalysts are given.

The hydrogenation of levulinate esters to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is an important step in the transformation of biomass into biofuels. It is attractive to develop new efficient systems for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of levulinate esters to value-added GVL. In this work, a series of MoS2-based supported catalysts were prepared viaan impregnation method for the CTH of biomass-derived ethyl levulinate (EL) to GVL. By comprehensive characterization and catalytic measurements, we found that the CTH activity of EL to GVL is closely related to the MoS2morphology and acid distribution on the support. Among the catalysts with different supports, the AC support with abundant Lewis acid sites and large surface area facilitated the high dispersion of low stacked MoS2slabs, and the MoS2-acid synergistic catalysis contributed to the superior activity and selectivity. The conversion of EL and the selectivity of GVL reached 97.2% and 91.2% under optimized conditions over the MoS2/AC catalyst (230 °C, 1 MPa H2, 1.5 h), respectively. We also conducted reaction kinetic experiments to reveal the relationship between the active site of the MoS2/AC catalyst and its catalytic performance, and the plausible reaction pathway and mechanism over MoS2/AC was proposed. The catalytic performance gradually declined during recycling tests due to the oxidation of MoS2and can be easily recovered by resulfuration.

Mesoporous silica MCM-48 with rich silanol was prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as mixed templates, and the dynamic adsorption performance of acetone was evaluated by testing breakthrough curves. The mixed micelle formed by CTAB and PVP, as well as the hydrogen bond between the carbonyl group of PVP and silanol group affected the condensation process of Si–OH group during the formation of mesoporous structure, resulting in the increase of Si–OH group number on the surface of MCM-48. Compared with MCM-48 synthesized by single template (CTAB), the acetone adsorption capacity of MCM-48 (1:3) synthesized by mixed templates (PVP:CTAB = 1:3) improved by 23.86%, which was attributed to the increase of silanol group amount and the decrease of pore size. In addition, Bangham model had the highest goodness of fit to describe the adsorption process among four kinetic models for the adsorbents, conforming to the mechanism of pore diffusion. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit the adsorption isotherm data, and the Freundlich model could better describe the adsorption of acetone. Freundlich model fitting results showed that MCM-48 with rich silanol had a strong affinity for acetone, and the adsorption of acetone on MCM-48 belonged to multilayer adsorption. The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption of MCM-48 for acetone was physical adsorption, and the adsorption behavior was exothermic. This work provided insight into how the inherent properties of an adsorbent and environmental factors (including initial concentration and adsorption temperature) affected the adsorption performance of ketones, thus more ideas could be provided for the accurate design of adsorbents. Furthermore, silanol-rich MCM-48 synthesized by mixed templates is expected to be a promising adsorbent for acetone removal.

Alkylphenols are indispensable chemicals that are currently derived from fossil resources. Conversion of lignin into alkylphenols in a selective manner is highly desirable, while it represents one of the biggest challenges in biorefinery. Herein, lignin depolymerization coupling with methoxy removal over supported MoS2catalyst for the direct production of alkylphenols has been studied. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by N2physisorption, XRD, NH3-TPD, CO chemisorption, ICP, TEM, and XPS. The catalytic performance and the reaction mechanism were initially assessed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of eugenol. Among the catalysts with MoS2supported on different supports (HZSM-5, SAPO-34, SiO2, Al2O3, and activated carbon (AC)), the acid-rich MoS2/AC with high specific surface areas and more exposed MoS2edge sites owed a complete conversion of eugenol and 64.8% yield of 4-propylphenol under 3 MPa H2at 300 °C for 3 h. In the conversion of lignin-oil, MoS2/AC catalyst also exhibited excellent activity in the removal of all the methoxy groups in various aromatic monomers, achieving alkylphenols with selectivity up to 76.2%. Notably, this catalytic system also showed potential in simultaneous hydrocracking coupling with methoxy removal of realistic lignin to afford alkylphenols, thus providing a direct strategy for the selective valorization of lignin.

A novel CeO2/Co3O4catalyst with a high catalytic activity has been designed and prepared by pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks, and its catalytic performance was evaluated by the acetone catalytic oxidation reaction. The Co3O4–M catalyst with T90at 194 °C was prepared by pyrolysis of the MOF-71 precursor, which was 56 °C lower than that of commercial Co3O4(250 °C). By the addition of cerium to the MOF-71 precursor, an enhanced CeO2/Co3O4catalyst with T90at 180 °C was prepared. Importantly, the CeO2/Co3O4catalyst exhibited superior stability for acetone oxidation. After 10 cycle tests, the conversion could also be maintained at 97% for at least 100 h with slight activity loss. Characterization studies were used to investigate the influence of cerium doping on the property of the catalyst. The results showed that addition of cerium could facilitate the expansion of the surface area and enhance the porous structure and reducibility at low temperature. Furthermore, the surface ratio of Co3+/Co2+and mobile oxygen obviously improved with the addition of cerium. Therefore, the metal oxides prepared by this method have potential for the elimination of acetone.

•The layered structure MgFeMo-S catalysts were successfully synthesized which lead a superior activity in HDO of eugenol.

With the growing concern about the water environment, the advanced oxidation process of persulfate activation assisted by photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention to decompose dissolved organic micropollutants. In this work, to overcome the drawbacks of the photocatalytic activity reduction caused by the photo-corrosion of non-stoichiometric BiO2–x, a novel material with amorphous FeOOH in situ grown on layered BiO2–xto form a core-shell structure similar to popcorn chicken-like morphology was produced in two simple and environmentally beneficial steps. Through a series of degradation activity tests of hybrid materials under different conditions, the as-prepared materials exhibited remarkable degradation activity and stability toward tetracycline in the FeOOH@BiO2–x/Vis/PS system due to the synergism of photocatalysis and persulfate activation. The results of XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, and BET show that the loading of FeOOH increases the specific surface area and active sites appreciably; the heterogeneous structure formed by FeOOH and BiO2–xis more favorable to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. The optimal degradation conditions were at a catalyst addition of 0.7 g·L–1, a persulfate concentration of 1.0 g·L–1, and an initial pH of 4.5, at which the degradation rate could reach 94.7% after 90 min. The influence of typical inorganic anions on degradation was also examined. ESR studies and radical quenching experiments revealed that ⋅OH, SO4−⋅, and ⋅O2−were the principal active species generated during the degradation of tetracycline. The results of the 1,10-phenanthroline approach proved that the effect of dissolved iron ions on the tetracycline degradation was limited, and the interfacial reaction that occurs on the active sites on the material's surface was a critical factor. This work provides a novel method for producing efficient broad-spectrum Bismuth-based composite photocatalysts and photocatalytic-activated persulfate synergistic degradation of tetracycline.

Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO), as the main technology for treating ammonia leaks from diesel engines, converts excess NH3into harmless N2and H2O through catalysts. Catalysts follow different reaction mechanisms during the reaction process, which can be broadly classified into four types according to the reaction pathways and characteristic intermediates. The current research hotspots of ammonia oxidation catalysts are to improve the ammonia oxidation rate in the low temperature region of the catalyst and widen the catalytic temperature window, to improve the N2selectivity of the catalyst and reduce the side reaction products, and to improve the catalyst stability, including cycling stability and hydrothermal stability. There are many factors affecting the three catalyst properties, and this paper summarizes the effective strategies to improve the performance of acidity, redox performance, and hydrothermal stability such as modification/doping, selection of support, creation of novel nanostructures and crystal planes, and optimization of preparation methods, so as to expect inspiration for the design and future research of NH3-SCO catalysts.

Integration of chemical absorption and microalgae bioconversion is a promising alternative to overcome the low CO2fixation efficiency of conventional microalgae CO2fixation technologies. In this study, two different bicarbonate sources obtained from ammonia and potassium carbonate CO2absorption processes were used as carbon sources to cultivate Chlorella sp.L38, and different feeding modes were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the biomass concentration could be enhanced (up to 0.6 g/L) by using bicarbonate as carbon source instead of CO2. Particularly, nitrogen and carbon fixation capacity could achieve 48 mg/L and 49 mg/L/d with a carbon fixation efficiency over 60% when using NH4HCO3as a carbon and nitrogen source. Additionally, the protein, polysaccharides and lipid yields achieved 298, 12.5, and 59 mg/L, respectively, and were higher than the control condition. It could be observed that using bicarbonate as a linkage to integrate CO2absorption and bioconversion may be a promising alternative to the conventional CO2capture technologies.

Nitrate with its high stability and persistence in water can pose a serious threat to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. To tackle this issue, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is considered the most effective solution for reducing excess nitrate (NO3–) in water and wastewater, into a value-added product ammonia (NH3). The efficiency of NO3–removal during the electrochemical reduction process is directly influenced by the genuine catalysts, enable them one of the most crucial factors. The objective of this review is to elucidate the function of copper-based catalysts in the electrochemical conversion of NO3–to NH3and to identify the factors that affect the performance of these catalysts. We have also devised strategies that can be applied to enhance catalytic efficiency, along with offering an overview of the recent advancements achieved in the design of copper-based electrocatalysts. This comprehensive review will provide a detailed insight into the role of Cu-based materials in electrochemical NO3–reduction and the advancement of effective electrode materials for the intended reactions.

The adsorption behavior and underlying mechanism of CO2and CH4binary mixture in shale kerogen significantly affect the CO2sequestration with enhanced gas recovery project (CS-EGR). In this study, we investigated the competitive adsorption behaviors of CO2and CH4in shale kerogen nanopores using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. Kerogen model takes into effect of matrix and slit nanopores and moisture content based on Ungerer’s molecular model and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and is successfully validated against experimental data. The effects of temperature, CO2and CH4distribution, moisture content, adsorption selectivity, and optimal formation for injection were discussed. The results show that adsorption amount of CH4on the kerogen increases with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature. The adsorption selectivity of CO2over CH4is 2.53–7.25, which indicates that CO2is preferentially adsorbed over CH4under different temperatures. H2O prefers to adsorb inside the kerogen matrix and decrease the volumes of matrix pores with increasing moisture content and even divide some of them into ineffective pores. Compared with the kerogen matrix, H2O molecules have a slight effect on CO2and CH4adsorption capacity on the slit surface. Moist content has a negative effect on the desorption amount of CH4. The optimal injection formation for the CS-EGR project is in the shallow stratum. The study will reveal the micromechanism of competitive adsorption of CO2and CH4on kerogen and provide some theoretical support for the CS-EGR project.