Search

To explore the mechanism of roof directional breaking in gob-side entry formed automatically without coal pillars, the numerical simulation was used to study the deformation movement of roof, the deformation evolution of roadway, and the stress distribution of roadway under roof directional breaking and non-roof directional breaking. Based on the results, the deformation movement of roof is divided into three stages: the goaf roof collapse stage, the basic roof deformation stage, and the basic roof stability stage. The goaf is filled with gangue due to the broken expansion characteristics of the collapsed rock under the roof directional breaking. Due to the supporting force of gangue, the deformation of the basic roof under the roof directional breaking is smaller than that under the non-roof directional breaking, which reduces the influence of the deformation of the basic roof on the deformation of the roadway roof and improves the integrity of the roadway. At the same time, roof directional breaking cuts off the stress transfer path of partial roof, which weakens the peak stress convergence on the arc side, transfers the peak stress convergence to deeper, and improves the stability of roadway. Finally, a field test was carried out to further verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The field test results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. The roadway deformation is small and meets the requirements of safety production. It is proved that roof directional breaking plays a positive role in improving the stability of the roadway.

Walnut anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) reduces walnut yield and quality and seriously threatens the healthy development of the walnut industry. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulatory factors involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Our previous transcriptome analysis results indicate that JrWRKY4 responds to infection by C. gloeosporioides, but its specific regulatory network and disease resistance mechanism are still unclear. Herein, the characteristics of JrWRKY4 as a transcription activator located in the nucleus were first identified. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses showed that JrWRKY4 could enhance walnut resistance against C. gloeosporioides. A series of molecular experiments showed that JrWRKY4 directly interacted with the promoter region of JrSTH2Land positively regulated its expression. In addition, JrWRKY4 interacted with JrVQ4 to form the protein complex, which inhibited JrWRKY4 for the activation of JrSTH2L. Notably, a MYB TF JrPHL8 interacting with the JrWRKY4promoter has also been identified, which directly bound to the MBS element in the promoter of JrWRKY4and induced its activity. Our study elucidated a novel mechanism of the JrPHL8-JrWRKY4-JrSTH2L in regulating walnut resistance to anthracnose. This mechanism improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of WRKY TF mediated resistance to anthracnose in walnut, which provides new insights for molecular breeding of disease-resistant walnuts in the future.

When measuring the form deviation of the gear tooth flank with laser interferometry, due to the limitation of the depth of field of the lens, focused and defocused regions exist in the interferogram simultaneously. The introduced errors that were generated by these defocused regions decrease the measurement accuracy. Therefore, the evaluation of definition for interferograms is necessary for image processing. However, the gradient of gray, which performs by fringes, makes it difficult for traditional algorithms to evaluate its definition. This paper proposes a method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transformation (NSCT) combined with fringe direction as weighting coefficients to solve the problem. First, the information about the directions of these fringes in interferograms was evaluated. Then, the NSCT method was applied to interferograms so that several sub-images in different scales and directions can be achieved. Based on these sub-images and directions information, an improved function for definition evaluation was conducted. Lastly, a series of simulations and experiments was carried out to verify its feasibility and accuracy.

Objective This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous antegrade nailing with a reductor-T tape pin in the treatment of ipsilateral multisegmental femoral shaft fractures (IMFSFs).Methods Nineteen patients with IMFSFs underwent antegrade nailing with a reductor-T tape pin by percutaneous techniques. The operation time, reduction time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, fracture union time, and complications were recorded.Results All 19 patients (100%) achieved technical success. The mean and median operation time were 62.42±16.27 and 60 (range, 40–105) minutes, respectively; the mean and median reduction time were 11.47±3.78 and 10 (range, 8–22) minutes, respectively; the mean and median fluoroscopy time were 16.63±6.10 and 15 (range, 10–35) s, respectively; and the mean and median blood loss were 185.26±62.75 and 180 (range, 110–350) mL, respectively. Additionally, all 19 patients (100%) achieved fracture union within a mean and median time of 3.95±1.75 and 3 (range, 3–9) months, respectively; most patients [n=14 (73.7%)] achieved fracture union within 3 months. No obvious complications occurred during the study.Conclusion Antegrade nailing with a reductor-T tape pin by a percutaneous technique is effective and well tolerated in patients with IMFSFs.

Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesis a disastrous disease that severely restricts the development of the walnut industry in China. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in adaptive responses to disease, but their roles in the regulation of walnut anthracnose resistance response are not well defined. In this study, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that a C. gloeosporioides-induced lncRNA, lncRNA109897, located upstream from the target gene JrCCR4, upregulated the expression of JrCCR4. JrCCR4 interacted with JrTLP1b and promoted its transcriptional activity. In turn, JrTLP1b induced the transcription of lncRNA109897to promote its expression. Meanwhile, transient expression in walnut leaves and stable transformation of Arabidopsis thalianafurther proved that lncRNA, JrCCR4, and JrTLP1b improve the resistance of C. gloeosporioides. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the mechanism by which the lncRNA109897-JrCCR4-JrTLP1b transcriptional cascade regulates the resistance of walnut to anthracnose.

Porous silicon (PSi) was applied as a supporting substrate for stepwise covalent derivatization of undecylenic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (NHS-ester) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). By taking the advantages of porous silicon as a supporting matrix such as high surface area to volume ratio, infrared transparency, porous semiconductors for laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy, and low fluorescence background, a multi-mode detection biochip prototype can be realized. We prepared such a protein microarray by spotting NTA microarray dots on NHS-ester derivatized PSi, converting the rest of chip area into poly(ethylene glycol) background, loading NiII, and finally affinity-binding histidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins. With the multi-mode analyses of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS), and fluorescence scanning, two example proteins, His-tagged thioredoxin-urodilatin and His-tagged aprotinin, were well qualified and quantified.