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Despite the vast amount of restaurant information shared on social platforms, users often face difficulties identifying suitable options efficiently. Ratings are constrained by information narrowness, while textual reviews pose challenges due to information overload. Furthermore, restaurant recommendations based solely on ratings lack objectivity, as individual preferences differ. Users cannot judge whether a restaurant is worth visiting without credible information. However, few existing studies integrate semantic analysis with multidimensional orientation and social influence to make recommendations, leaving a gap in objective and comprehensive analysis. This research proposes a synthesis collective recommendation approach utilizing machine learning with aspect-based sentiment and social influence analyses. The proposed approach can appropriately adjust ratings as a basis for deciding the list of recommendations, considering location and preference factors. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism significantly enhances users' ability to find restaurants that meet their needs, thereby improving business opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of death in Taiwan. Poor public knowledge of stroke may lead to delays in prehospital arrival, resulting in unfavorable prognoses. Studies have investigated public knowledge of stroke and highlighted the importance of stroke education, however, few such studies have been conducted in Taiwan. This study assessed the changes in public knowledge of stroke between 2012 and 2020 by conducting a survey during two World Stroke Day events. Furthermore, this study identified areas where educational efforts may have been insufficient. Materials & Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to the participants of 2012 and 2020 World Stroke Day events in Taiwan. In total, 328 and 336 questionnaires were completed, respectively. Stroke literacy and knowledge were analyzed between 2012 and 2020. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or independent t-test. p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Results: Hypertension was the most recognized risk factor for stroke in both years (p < 0.001), and recognition of most of the given risk factors significantly increased. In addition, recognition of more than half of the stroke warning signs significantly increased, awareness of the correct acute stroke response also increased (p < 0.001), and overall stroke literacy in Taiwan increased (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Stroke literacy and knowledge in Taiwan have improved significantly between 2012 and 2020, but many people still lack adequate stroke knowledge and awareness. Government health department must take this sort of intervention continually (campaigns) and novel approaches (e.g. board game...) to improve stroke literacy and knowledge in public health. Registration ID: N202109072, approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University on 2021/11/02 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sublobar resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasingly considered appropriate but may compromise margins compared with lobectomy. This study evaluated resection extent, margin status, and survival in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC. Patients with clinical T1-2 N0 M0 NSCLC in the National Cancer Database (2006-2020) who were treated with primary surgery were compared stratified by margin status. The potential benefit of radiation was explored in subgroup analysis of patients who underwent sublobar resection with positive margins. Positive margins occurred in 5089 (2.8%) of 181,824 patients and were more common in sublobar resections compared with lobectomy (4.3% vs 2.4%; P <.001). Sublobar resection had the strongest association with positive margins in multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.91-2.23; P <.001). Patients with positive margins were more likely to undergo both adjuvant chemotherapy (16% vs 13%; P <.001) and radiation (17% vs 1%; P <.001) but had worse survival in univariate analysis (44.0% 5-year overall survival vs 69.2%; P <.001) and multivariable Cox analysis (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.63-1.78; P <.001) in the entire cohort, as well as in a univariate subset analysis of lobectomy (46.9% vs 70.4%; P <.001) and sublobar resection (37.5% vs 64.1%; P <.001). Postoperative radiation for patients who underwent sublobar resection with positive margins did not improve 5-year overall survival (36.3% for irradiated patients vs 38.3% for nonirradiated patients; P =.57), and patients who underwent sublobar resection with positive margins who were treated with radiation had survival inferior to that of patients who underwent lobectomy with negative margins. Positive margins occur more frequently after sublobar resection of clinical stage I NSCLC compared with lobectomy. Patients with positive margins have worse survival than patients who undergo complete resection and are not rescued by postoperative radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota prevents harmful microbes from entering the body, a function known as colonization resistance. The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium uses its virulence factors to break colonization resistance through unknown mechanisms. Using metabolite profiling and genetic analysis, we show that the initial rise in luminal pathogen abundance was powered by a combination of aerobic respiration and mixed acid fermentation of simple sugars, such as glucose, which resulted in their depletion from the metabolome. The initial rise in the abundance of the pathogen in the feces coincided with a reduction in the cecal concentrations of acetate and butyrate and an increase in epithelial oxygenation. Notably, these changes in the host environment preceded changes in the microbiota composition. We conclude that changes in the host environment can weaken colonization resistance even in the absence of overt compositional changes in the gut microbiota. [Display omitted] • Glucose fuels virulence factor-driven growth of Salmonella in the murine cecum • Colonization resistance becomes impaired when microbiota is compositionally intact • Colonization resistance is compromised when inflammation disrupts epithelial hypoxia • Aerobic respiration and fermentation of sugars support Salmonella outgrowth Rogers et al. show that Salmonella overcomes colonization resistance when the microbiota is compositionally intact by disrupting epithelial hypoxia. Pathogen outgrowth is fueled by catabolizing simple sugars, such as glucose, using a combination of aerobic respiration and mixed acid fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sublobar resection offers noninferior survival vs lobectomy for ≤2 cm non-small cell lung cancer and is commonly used for subsolid tumors. Although data exist for solid tumors, the minimum adequate margin of resection for subsolid adenocarcinomas remains unclear. This was a retrospective review of 1101 adenocarcinoma resections at our institution from 2006 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were tumors ≤3 cm with ≥10% radiographic ground glass, excised by sublobar resection. Exclusions were positive nodes or positive or unreported margin. The primary outcome was the rate of local recurrence (LR) at multiple thresholds of margin distance. The relationship between margin distance and solid component size was also explored. Inclusion criteria were met by 194 patients. Median (interquartile range) tumor diameter and margin distance were 12 mm (9-17 mm) and 10 mm (5-17 mm), respectively. Median follow-up was 42.5 months. There was a progressive increase in LR with diminishing margin (0.1-cm decrements) from 1.5 cm to 0.5 cm. The difference in the rate of LR between "over" (n = 143) and "under" (n = 51) was most significant at 0.5 cm (8 of 51 [15.7%] vs 6 of 143 [4.2%]; P =.01) but did not reach α adjusted for multiple comparisons. On Cox regression for LR-free survival, margin ≤0.5 cm (P =.19) and solid component percentage (P =.14) trended to significance. Combining these using a ratio of margin distance–to–solid component size, a ratio of ≤1 showed a significantly higher rate of LR (7 [14.3%] vs 2 [2.0%], P =.009). Treatment of LRs provided at least intermediate-term survival in 87% of recurrences (median postrecurrence follow-up was 44 months). During sublobar resection of subsolid lung adenocarcinomas, a margin distance–to–solid component size ratio of >1.0 appears to be a more reliable factor than margin distance alone to minimize local recurrence. Local recurrence, however, may not impact survival in patients with subsolid adenocarcinomas if timely treatment is administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lepidic-type adenocarcinomas (LPAs) can be multifocal, and treatment is often deferred until growth is observed. This study investigated the potential downside of that strategy by evaluating the relationship of nodal involvement with tumor size and survival. The impact of tumor size on lymph node involvement and survival was evaluated for National Cancer Database patients who underwent surgery without induction therapy as primary treatment for cT1-3 N0 M0 histologically confirmed LPA from 2006 to 2019 by using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox analyses. Positive nodes occurred in 442 of 8286 patients (5.3%). The incidence of having positive nodes approximately doubled with each 1-cm increment increase in size. Patients with positive nodes were more likely to have larger tumors (27 mm vs 20 mm, P <.001) and clinical ≥T2 disease (40.7% vs 26.8%, P <.001) compared with node-negative patients. However, tumor size was the only significant independent predictor of having positive nodal disease in logistic regression analysis, and this association grew stronger with each incremental centimeter increase in size. Patients with positive nodes were more likely to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy (23.5% vs 1.1%, P <.001) and chemotherapy (72.9% vs 7.9%, P <.001), and expectedly, had worse survival compared with the node-negative group in univariate (5-year overall survival, 50.9% vs 81.1%, P <.001) and multivariable (hazard ratio, 2.56; 95% CI, 2.14-3.05; P <.001) analyses. Nodal involvement is relatively uncommon in early-stage LPAs but steadily increases with tumor size and is associated with dramatically worse survival. These data can be used to inform treatment decisions when evaluating LPA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is an increasing incidence and prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Little is known the prevalence of CKD among older patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in older adults with schizophrenia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 240 patients with schizophrenia age 50 or older was recruited. In addition to demographic and clinical data, participants' estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation based on age, sex, ethnicity, and serum creatinine level determined from a blood sample taken from participants. Results: The overall prevalence of CKD was 11.3%. Those with CKD were older, had a longer duration of psychiatric illness, a higher body mass index (BMI), and diagnoses of hypertension compared to those in the non-CKD group. Independent of other risk factors, older age and BMI were significantly associated with CKD. Conclusions: This study found that the overall prevalence of CKD in older patients with schizophrenia was 11.3%. Independent risk factors for CKD in this population were older age and higher BMI. In addition to early identification and early treatment of CKD in older patients with schizophrenia, clinicians should actively manage the risk factors identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop two pictorial tools for assessing the attitudes of Taiwanese male senior high school students with intellectual disabilities toward sexually offensive behavior, focusing on cognitive distortion and victim empathy. A total of 181 male high school students at special education schools participated in this study. The validity and reliability were examined using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For the cognitive distortion scale, 18 items grouped into three factors, rationalization, denial, and victim blaming, and explained 69.72% of the variance; for the victim empathy scale, 12 items grouped into two factors, the victim's feelings when the offensive behavior is perpetrated by another, and the victim's feelings when the offensive behavior is perpetrated by oneself, and explained 68.00% of the variance. The reliability was.96 for the cognitive distortion scale and.93 for the victim empathy scale. In conclusion, the two scales developed in this research were found to be reliable and valid tools for evaluating male students' attitudes toward sexually offensive behavior, and can also be used as reference material for courses in sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemokines are small, secreted cytokines crucial in the regulation of a variety of cell functions. The binding of chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) (stromal cell-derived factor 1) to a G-protein-coupled receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) triggers downstream signaling pathways with effects on cell survival, proliferation, chemotaxis, migration, and gene expression. Intensive and extensive investigations have provided evidence suggesting that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in tumor development, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, as well as in creating tumor microenvironment, thus implying that this axis is a potential target for the development of cancer therapies. The structures of CXCL12 and CXCR4 have been resolved with experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or cryo-EM. Therefore, it is possible to apply structure-based computational approaches to discover, design, and modify therapeutic molecules for cancer treatments. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the roles played by the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis in cellular functions linking to cancer progression and metastasis. This review also provides an introduction to protein structures of CXCL12 and CXCR4 and the application of computer simulation and analysis in understanding CXCR4 activation and antagonist binding. Furthermore, examples of strategies and current progress in CXCL12-CXCR4 axis-targeted development of therapeutic anticancer inhibitors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the application of organizational change strategies within Chinese government agencies to learn lessons from the experiences of government reforms. Organizational change strategies include involving employee in agency activities, merging agency units, and introducing bottom-up changes in the agency. The paper first provides a review of government reforms in China and addresses research issues related to the three change strategies. Subsequently, the study introduces the research data and analytical techniques employed. The empirical findings provide information about the comparison of organizational change strategies and their relationships in terms of the importance and implementation measures. Furthermore, the findings reveal the influence of the respondents' personal and organizational characteristics on the importance and implementation of these change strategies. The implications of these research findings include discussions about the distinctive characteristics of the Chinese government reforms and suggestions for future studies of government reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the influence of immunonutritional factors on treatment-related toxicities and survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive radiochemotherapy. Patients with cervical cancer who received curative radiochemotherapy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively investigated. Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured. Survival outcomes, acute and late toxicities were evaluated. Among the 138 patients, those with larger tumor diameters had significantly lower pre-treatment PNI (p = 0.005). Pre-treatment immunonutritional factors were predictive of clinical survival, whereas post-treatment factors did not correlate with prognosis. Patients with low pre-treatment PNI (<49.5) or high NLR (>2.4) had shorter progression-free survival (PFS, HR: 1.86, p = 0.045 for PNI; HR: 3.15, p = 0.002 for NLR) and overall survival (OS, HR: 1.80, p = 0.048 for PNI; HR: 3.83, p = 0.015 for NLR). High pre-treatment NLR was associated with an increased risk of acute diarrhea (p = 0.049) and late severe toxicities (p = 0.046). Combined analysis revealed that pre-treatment good nutritional status and low systemic inflammation were linked to longer PFS (p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.002), and poor nutritional status and substantial systemic inflammation were associated with higher rates of late severe toxicities (p = 0.036), with higher prognostic value in advanced stage patients. Pretreatment immunonutritional measures serve as quantitative biomarkers for predicting survivals and treatment toxicities in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiochemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the admission and treatment process of potentially COVID-19-infected patients in the intensive care unit under normalization, prevention, and control of the pandemic. A multidisciplinary team was assembled to develop a flowchart of potentially COVID-19-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit and identify potential failure steps and modes throughout the process using the failure mode and effect analysis method. Through risk priority number (RPN) analysis of each failure mode, those with the highest impact on nosocomial infection were identified, and the priority of implementation was determined. Related corrective measures have been developed to continuously improve clinical practice and management. Eighty potential failure modes were identified, and 8 potential failure modes were identified with RPNs greater than 100. These high RPNs of the failure modes were associated with careless inquiries of epidemiological histories by nurses, inadequate implementation of management standards by nursing assistants, and exposure of attending physicians to potentially risky environments. Finally, 18 general corrective measures are proposed. Application of the failure mode and effect analysis method for quality improvement is a powerful tool for predicting potential failures in the process and can suggest corrective measures that could help avoid nosocomial infection during a pandemic. • This study examines the use and efficacy of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in analyzing the journey of a potentially COVID-19 infected patient through the ICU admission, treatment, and discharge process as a means to identify and control nosocomial disease outbreak. • By identifying the most likely failure modes in the process and assigning risk priority numbers, we were able to develop corrective measures that are applicable from admission to discharge. • Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the FMEA tool has not previously been applied in the intensive care setting during the COVID-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A contest sponsor or crowdsourcing intermediary hosting an open innovation contest can employ knowledge sharing activities such as panels, meetings, or even community forums to help maximize each contestant’s performance. However, in addition to the paradox of openness resulting from the incentive to protect their knowledge assets, contestants face a predicament related to sharing, as benevolently helping others may reduce their opportunity to win the contest. In this research, we integrate two stylized models to determine how a contest sponsor can most efficiently deploy its resources under budget constraints, and explore how to stimulate co-creation in knowledge-sharing activities. Our findings indicate that employing educational workshops to encourage brainstorming among contestants before submitting their work results may be inefficient if the prize is too high. In addition, if a contest sponsor values the overall contribution made by contestants, encouraging knowledge-sharing behavior can benefit the intermediary in a crowdsourcing-based open innovation contest when the number of contestants and the contest sponsor’s budget are set appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The presence of multiple elements, each with distinct mixing affinities, promotes an accelerated amorphization. The energetic state and atomic size disparities among these elements render the amorphous phase resistant to crystalline reversion upon annealing. • The formation energies reveal that the amorphous structure assumes the most stable configuration and is energetically favorable relative to crystalline phases like BCC, FCC, and HCP, thereby driving the transformations. • High-energy mechanical milling induces distortion, antisite defects, and the formation of nanograin boundaries in the intermetallic phase, disrupting the order in atomic configuration and promoting amorphization. We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical milling. The presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy composition. Predictions from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic structure. This transformation, characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder, lattice expansion, and the presence of nanograin boundaries, signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic structure. Additionally, this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational entropy. The atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of teamwork in modern organizations is more crucial than ever. This research investigates whether the COVID-19 pandemic has permanently altered Generation Z's perceptions and behavior on team projects. A study of graduating seniors at a Southeastern university found decreased team conflicts during and after the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Task attractiveness and interpersonal cohesiveness declined during COVID-19 but rebounded post-pandemic, though not to pre-pandemic levels. These findings have implications for educational programs, workforce development, and organizational practices aimed at supporting Generation Z's success and well-being as they transition into their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to assess the secular trend of the global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in adults and children/adolescents and to show its relation to that of gastric cancer incidence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate overall prevalence, adjusted by multivariate meta-regression analysis. The incidence rates of gastric cancer were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Of the 16,976 articles screened, 1748 articles from 111 countries were eligible for analysis. The crude global prevalence of H pylori has reduced from 52.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6%–55.6%) before 1990 to 43.9% (95% CI, 42.3%–45.5%) in adults during 2015 through 2022, but was as still as high as 35.1% (95% CI, 30.5%–40.1%) in children and adolescents during 2015 through 2022. Secular trend and multivariate regression analyses showed that the global prevalence of H pylori has declined by 15.9% (95% CI, −20.5% to −11.3%) over the last 3 decades in adults, but not in children and adolescents. Significant reduction of H pylori prevalence was observed in adults in the Western Pacific, Southeast Asian, and African regions. However, H pylori prevalence was not significantly reduced in children and adolescents in any World Health Organization regions. The incidence of gastric cancer has decreased globally and in various countries where the prevalence of H pylori infection has declined. The global prevalence of H pylori infection has declined during the last 3 decades in adults, but not in children and adolescents. The results raised the hypothesis that the public health drive to reduce the prevalence of H pylori as a strategy to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer in the population should be confirmed in large-scale clinical trials. [Display omitted] The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has decreased from 52.6% (95% confidence interval, 49.6%–55.6%) before 1990 to 43.9% (95% confidence interval, 42.3%–45.5%) during 2015 to 2022 in adults, but not in children and adolescents, concomitant with a decrease of gastric cancer incidence globally and in various countries where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection has declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of evidence indicates correlations between the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and those of eating disorder (ED). However, further investigation is required to elucidate the temporal and causal relationships between the aforementioned disorders. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) was analyzed both as the cause and consequence of ED. We collected the data (from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2011) of patients with antecedent TMJD (N = 15,059) or ED (N = 1219) and their respective controls (1:10), matched by age, sex, income level, residential location, and comorbidities. This study included patients who had received a new diagnosis of an ED or a TMJD between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013. Cox regression models were used to assess the risk of ED or TMJD development in patients with antecedent TMJD or ED. TMJD patients had an approximately 3.70-fold (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.93–7.10) risk of ED development. Similarly, patients with ED had an approximately 4.78-fold (95 % CI: 2.52–9.09) risk of TMJD development. Subgroup analyses based on ED subtypes indicated antecedent TMJD and bulimia nervosa as the predictors of increased bulimia nervosa and TMJD risks (hazard ratios: 6.41 [95 % CI: 2.91 to 14.11] and 5.84 [95 % CI: 2.75 to 12.41]), respectively. Previous TMJD and ED are associated with increased risks of subsequent ED and TMJD; these findings suggest the presence of a bidirectional temporal association between TMJD and ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify meaningful changes in patients in 3 functional domains (basic mobility [BM], daily activity [DA], and applied cognition [AC]) after discharge from inpatient stroke rehabilitation and to identify the predictors of 1-year functional improvement. A longitudinal, multicenter, prospective cohort study. The acute care wards of 3 hospitals in the Greater Taipei area of Taiwan. Five hundred patients with stroke in acute care wards (mean age=60±12.2 years, 62% men, N=500). Not applicable. The Mandarin version of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) short forms were assessed at discharge and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was used to categorize changes in the scores as improved and unimproved at the 4 time points. The mean scores of the AM-PAC BM and DA subscales substantially increased over the first 3 months after discharge (86% of participants exhibited improvement) and slightly increased during the subsequent 9 months (5∼26% of participants exhibited improvement). However, the mean score of the AC subscale decreased within the first 3 months and increased over the subsequent 9 months (22-23% of participants exhibited improvement). The BM, AC scores at discharge were the dominant predictors of subsequent functional improvement (P <.05). Patients with a higher functional stage at discharge were more likely to experience significant improvement. This study established the capacity of the AM-PAC to predict functional improvement in 3 domains during the early, middle, and late stages of recovery. The findings can assist clinicians in identifying patients at risk of unfavorable long-term functional recovery and providing such patients with tailored interventions during the early stage of rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]