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Wearable human–machine interface (HMI) with bidirectional and multimodal tactile information exchange is of paramount importance in teleoperation by providing more intuitive data interpretation and delivery of tactilely related signals. However, the current sensing and feedback devices still lack enough integration and modalities. Here, we present a Tactile Sensing and Rendering Patch (TSRP) that is made of a customized expandable array which consists of a piezoelectric sensing and feedback unit fused with an elastomeric triboelectric multidimensional sensor and its inner pneumatic feedback structure. The primary functional unit of TSRP is mainly featured with a soft silicone substrate with compact multilayer structure integrating static and dynamic multidimensional tactile sensing capabilities, which synergistically leverage both triboelectric and piezoelectric effects. Additionally, based on the air chamber created by the triboelectric sensor and the converse piezoelectric effect, it provides pneumatic and vibrational haptic feedback simultaneously for both static and dynamic perception regeneration. With the aid of the other variants of this unit, the array shaped TSRP is capable of simulating different terrains, geometries, sliding, collisions, and other critical interactive events during teleoperation via skin perception. Moreover, immediate manipulation can be done on TSRP through the tactile sensors. The preliminary demonstration of TSRP interface with a completed control module in robotic teleoperation is provided, which shows the feasibility of assisting certain tasks in a complex environment by direct tactile communication. The proposed device offers a potential method of enabling bidirectional tactile communication with enriched key information for improving interaction efficiency in the fields of robot teleoperation and training.

Phenolic compounds, as well as other aromatic compounds, have been reported to be abundant in hadal trenches. Although high-throughput sequencing studies have hinted at the potential of hadal microbes to degrade these compounds, direct microbiological, genetic and biochemical evidence under in situ pressures remain absent. Here, a microbial consortium and a pure culture of Pseudomonas, newly isolated from Mariana Trench sediments, efficiently degraded phenol under pressures up to 70 and 60 MPa, respectively, with concomitant increase in biomass. By analyzing a high-pressure (70 MPa) culture metatranscriptome, not only was the entire range of metabolic processes under high pressure generated, but also genes encoding complete phenol degradation via ortho- and meta-cleavage pathways were revealed. The isolate of Pseudomonasalso contained genes encoding the complete degradation pathway. Six transcribed genes (dmpKLMNOPsed) were functionally identified to encode a multicomponent hydroxylase catalyzing the hydroxylation of phenol and its methylated derivatives by heterogeneous expression. In addition, key catabolic genes identified in the metatranscriptome of the high-pressure cultures and genomes of bacterial isolates were found to be all widely distributed in 22 published hadal microbial metagenomes. At microbiological, genetic, bioinformatics, and biochemical levels, this study found that microorganisms widely found in hadal trenches were able to effectively drive phenolic compound degradation under high hydrostatic pressures. This information will bridge a knowledge gap concerning the microbial aromatics degradation within hadal trenches.

Toluene is a main component of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the refinery flue gas, and catalytic oxidation stands out as an efficient and energy-saving method for eliminating toluene. Nevertheless, the presence of SO2within VOCs can result in the irreversible deactivation of the catalyst. The enhancement of the catalyst's sulfur resistance is imperative. Here, we prepared PdSx/Hβ-zeolite catalysts with exceptional sulfur resistance by using the gas-phase sulfidation method. The PdSx/Hβ-zeolite exhibits remarkable activity under the experimental conditions of 1000 ppm toluene and 21% O2, with a sustained conversion rate of toluene exceeding 76% even after the introduction of SO2. Based on the characterization of catalysts and resistance experiments, the reaction mechanism and sulfur resistance mechanism were studied. Pd0serves as the active catalytic center, and the catalytic oxidation mechanism follows the Mars–van Krevelen (MVK) mechanism. The high sulfur resistance of the PdSx/Hβ-zeolite catalyst is attributed to the PdSxspecies, which is considered as the sulfur resistance center. The presence of PdSxfacilitates SO2desorption, thereby improving the catalyst's sulfur resistance. This work will provide new insights into enhancing precious metal catalysts' resistance to sulfur.

Two suites of mafic dykes, T1193-A and T1194-A, outcrop in Gyangze area, southeast Tibet. They are in the area of Comei LIP and have indistinguishable field occurrences with two other dykes in Gyangze, T0902 dyke with 137.7±1.3 Ma zircon age and T0907 dyke with 142±1.4 Ma zircon age reported by Wang YY et al. (2016), indicating coeval formation time. Taking all the four diabase dykes into consideration, two different types, OIB-type and weak enriched-type, can be summarized. The “OIB-type” samples, including T1193-A and T0907 dykes, show OIB-like geochemical features and have initial Sr-Nd isotopic values similar with most mafic products in Comei Large Igneous Provinces (LIP), suggesting that they represent melts directly generated from the Kerguelen mantle plume. The “weak enriched-type ” samples, including T1194-A and T0902 dykes, have REEs and trace element patterns showing within-plate affinity but have obvious Nb-Ta-Ti negative anomalies. They show uniform lower εNd(t) values (–6––2) and higher 87Sr/86Sr(t) values (0.706–0.709) independent of their MgO variation, indicating one enriched mantle source. Considering their closely spatial and temporal relationship with the widespread Comei LIP magmatic products in Tethyan Himalaya, these “weak enriched-type” samples are consistent with mixing of melts from mantle plume and the above ancient Tethyan Himalaya subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) in different proportions. These weak enriched mafic rocks in Comei LIP form one special rock group and most likely suggest large scale hot mantle plume-continental lithosphere interaction. This process may lead to strong modification of the Tethyan Himalaya lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous.

The distillation columns with no vapor–liquid-coupled flow streams are easier to control and operate, especially for the few industrial implementations of the Agrawal divided-wall column (ADWC). This work focuses on the dynamic control of the liquid-only transfer stream Agrawal divided-wall column (LTS-ADWC) for separating the quaternary alcohol system. First, the composition control structure (CCS) is proposed, and the dynamic results show that CCS could handle ±15% feed disturbance, and the purity of most products can be returned to the specified value. Subsequently, the temperature control structure (TCS) is designed on account of the control logic of the CCS. When facing ±15% feed disturbances, good dynamic performance can be achieved through TCS. The product’s purity stabilizes and returns to the near-nominal value in a shorter time. In brief, these works provide an attractive substitute for ADWC in academic research and industrial practice.

The regeneration process of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units produces amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). However, the flue gas GHG emission characteristics of FCC units are not well understood in China. In our work, three typical FCC units are taken as stack tests for CO2, N2O, and CH4emissions in the flue gas. The on-site monitoring results show that the regenerated form of the FCC unit has the greatest impact on CH4, and CO2is the primary GHG, with total emissions of >99%. Meanwhile, the spent catalysts are collected for further characterization and regeneration experiments. Results show that the coke content and composition on the spent catalysts can directly affect GHG emissions. The regeneration experiments of spent catalysts at different oxygen contents show that the main emission temperature ranges of CO2, N2O, and CH4are 200–600 °C, 400–600 °C, and 300–600 °C, respectively. The peaks of CO2and N2O content in regenerated flue gas increase as the O2content increases, while CH4is generated under oxygen-free conditions. The study of the GHG emission characteristics can provide theoretical support for the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

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Objective To describe a new strategy to manage ectopia lentis in ASD patients assessing the visual outcomes and safety of supracapsular scleral sutured intraocular lens implantation and analyzing the accuracy of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulae.Methods Eight patients with ASD (13 eyes) were underwent supracapsular scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber (PC) IOL without capsular extirpation. The preoperative and postoperative clinical features were compared. The prediction error values from four formulae (SRK/T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, Haigis), with or without Wang-Koch (WK) adjustment, were calculated for the cases.Results Zonulodialysis and premature cataracts could be the main reason for the decreased vision in patients with ASD. There was a significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity on 3-month follow-up after applying supracapsular scleral suture fixation of PC IOL. The prediction errors of the different formulae showed a slight tendency towards postoperative myopia. The Haigis formula with WK adjustment showed the best performance.Conclusions Supracapsular scleral suture fixation of IOLs for retaining the capsule-zonule barrier is a good option for ASD patients. The Haigis formula is recommended for ASD patients treated with supracapsular scleral suture fixation of IOLs. The predicted IOL power should be reduced based on the effect of the new anatomic position of the IOL to achieve a satisfactory visual outcome.

Single-atom catalyst technology with near-100% atomic utilization and a well-defined coordination structure has provided new ideas for designing high-performance photocatalysts, which is also beneficial for reducing the usage of noble metal cocatalysts. Herein, a series of single-atomic MoS2-based cocatalysts where monoatomic Ru, Co, or Ni modify MoS2(SA-MoS2) for enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of g-C3N4nanosheets (NSs) are rationally designed and synthesized. The 2D SA-MoS2/g-C3N4photocatalysts with Ru, Co, or Ni single atoms show similar enhanced photocatalytic activity, and the optimized Ru1–MoS2/g-C3N4photocatalyst has the highest hydrogen production rate of 11115 μmol/h/g, which is about 37 and 5 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4and MoS2/g-C3N4photocatalysts, respectively. Experimental and density functional theory calculation results reveal that the enhanced photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect and intimate interface between SA-MoS2with well-defined coordination single-atomic structures and g-C3N4NSs, which is conducive to the rapid interfacial charge transport, and the unique single-atomic structure of SA-MoS2with modified electronic structure and appropriate hydrogen adsorption performance offers abundant reactive sites for enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. This work provides new insight into improving the cocatalytic hydrogen production performance of MoS2by a single-atomic strategy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most widely spread and enormous pollutants in the atmosphere, and CO catalytic oxidation is the primary method for reducing CO levels. Pd catalysts show excellent catalytic performance in CO catalytic oxidation, yet the majority of Pd-based catalysts are weakly resistant to sulfur. SO2, which is particularly harmful to the catalyst, is frequently present in industrial exhaust gases. Therefore, in this report, we have used a H2S-pretreated Pd-based catalyst for CO catalytic oxidation with outstanding catalytic activity, sulfur resistance, and high stability. A series of characterizations were carried out on the fresh and used catalysts, revealing that the catalytic activity is determined by Pd0and the sulfur resistance is dependent on PdSxspecies. The PdSxcontent is adjusted by changing the concentration of H2S in the gas sulfidation process. The catalytic activity of the PdSxcatalyst is much superior to that of other Pd-based catalysts, enabling complete oxidation of CO at around 200 °C. For the long-term test, the PdSxcatalyst showed good ability and the conversion of CO was maintained at 94.93% in the presence of 500 ppm SO2for 300 h, indicating the excellent stability. At last, CO catalytic oxidation and sulfur resistance mechanisms are presented and discussed, which will provide an insight in the design of sulfur-resistant catalysts.

To address dust pollution in a limestone mining area, we successfully prepared an efficient glycerol-microbial dust suppressant using Sporosarcina pasteuriiXL-1 and glycerol via microbially induced carbonate precipitation. The results revealed that glycerol not only improved the wettability of the dust suppressant but also promoted bacterial growth. The dust suppressant exhibited excellent surface tension, water retention, and wind erosion resistance under the conditions of mineralizing bacteria incubation for 24 h, 0.8 mol/L cementing fluid, and 1 % glycerol concentration. Microscopy revealed that calcite crystals formed in the treated dust, which effectively connected the dust particles and formed a stable CaCO3-dust cementation layer, enhancing the dust suppression effect. The results not only revealed that adding glycerol can improve the effectiveness of dust suppressants but also demonstrated that MICP is a promising technique for limestone mine dust management.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been finding increasing involvements in the capture of environmentally unfriendly compounds including volatile organosulfides contained in a wide range of energy sources owing to their editable structures. In this study, modulation of interaction and diffusion for sulfide adsorption on Cu-BTC frameworks was achieved via doping a series of transition-metal ions (Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, and Cr) at a low content through post-synthesis in an ethanol system. Synthesized samples were characterized, and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) adsorption on different metal-doped structures were carefully studied through adsorption measurements combined with computational simulation. The results indicate that the transition-metal doping into the Cu-BTC structure at low content not only enhances the guest–host interaction via altering the cation compositions (introducing external ions along with reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I)) but also promotes pore diffusion of DMDS through modifying porosities of the porous architectures. The present study highlights the tunable modification of the metal–organic framework structures via low metal doping and provides insights into the function-oriented structural optimization of their infrastructures.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, current approaches against IBD do not precisely deliver drugs to the inflammatory site, which leads to life-long medication and serious side effects that can adversely impact patients’ adherence. It is necessary to construct optimal drug delivery systems (DDSs) that can target drugs to the region of inflammation, thereby improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. With the burgeoning development of nanotechnology-based nanomedicines (NMs) and prodrug strategy, remarkable progresses in the treatment of IBD have been made in recent years. Herein, the latest advances are outlined at the intersection of IBD treatment and nanotherapeutics as well as prodrug therapy. First, the pathophysiological microenvironment of inflammatory sites of IBD is introduced in order to rationally design potential NMs and prodrugs. Second, the necessity of NMs for the IBD therapy is elaborated, and the representative nanotherapeutics viapassive targeted and active targeted NMs developed to treat the IBD are overviewed. Furthermore, the emerging prodrug-based therapeutics are summarized, including 5-aminosalicylic acid-, amino acid-, and carbohydrate-conjugated prodrugs. Finally, the design considerations and perspectives of these NMs and prodrugs-driven IBD therapeutics in the clinical translation are spotlighted.

Addressing the existing gaps in our understanding of sex- and strain-dependent disparities in renal microhemodynamics, this study conducted an investigation into the variations in renal function and related biological oscillators. Using the genetically diverse mouse models BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Kunming, which serve as established proxies for the study of renal pathophysiology, we implemented laser Doppler flowmetry conjoined with wavelet transform analyses to interrogate dynamic renal microcirculation. Creatinine, urea, uric acid, glucose, and cystatin C levels were quantified to investigate potential divergences attributable to sex and genetic lineage. Our findings reveal marked sexual dimorphism in metabolite concentrations, as well as strain-specific variances, particularly in creatinine and cystatin C levels. Through the combination of Mantel tests and Pearson correlation coefficients, we delineated the associations between renal functional metrics and microhemodynamics, uncovering interactions in female BALB/c mice for creatinine and uric acid, and in male C57BL/6 mice for cystatin C. Histopathologic examination confirmed an augmented microvascular density in female mice and elucidating variations in the expression of estrogen receptor β among the strains. These data collectively highlight the influence of both sex and genetic constitution on renal microcirculation, providing an understanding that may inform the etiologic exploration of renal ailments.

In this study, we utilized the chemical doping strategy to fabricate photostable and passivated perovskite materials for efficient photovoltaics, and scrutinized their mechanism, respectively.

Arnebinones B, E, and D (1–3) have been found to be sensitive to light, generating complex and diverse proton transfer products when triggered by light. A unique two-step irreversible intramolecular proton transfer of 1produced five scalemic mixtures, of which four possessed intriguing dual planar chirality. The unprecedented orientation epimerization equilibrium of the intra-annular double bond was first observed and researched in the homologous meroterpenoids by HPLC monitoring and DFT calculations. A “p-benzoquinone-CH2/CH-π” moiety in the structure was the common key feature for the occurrence of this type of photoenolization reaction. The product transformation processes and universality of this photoinduced irreversible proton transfer reaction were analyzed together with the cytotoxic activities of arnebinones B, D, and E, and their photoreaction products.

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials have been widely studied as the light absorber for efficient photovoltaics. However, perovskite layers with defective nature are typically prepared with an uncontrollable crystallization process, intrinsically limiting further advance in device performance, and thus require delicate manipulation of crystallization processes and defect density. Here, we demonstrate an ammonium-assisted crystallization of perovskite absorbers during a two-step deposition to fabricate efficient solar cells. Addition of ammonium iodide (NH4I) is devised to manipulate the nucleation and crystal growth of perovskite, wherein the formation and transition of intermediate x[NH4+]•[PbI3]x−enables high-quality perovskite layers with an enlarged grain and reduced defect density. As a result, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieve an average efficiency of 21.36% with a champion efficiency of 22.15% and improved environmental stability over 30 days in ambient conditions with varied relative humidity. These results with addition of NH4I provide an available and ingenious way to construct high-quality perovskite layers for efficient solar cells and will advance the commercial application of perovskite-based photovoltaics.

An approach for distinguishing two types of positional isomers of dimeric shikonin and its analogs was explored with 4JC,Hlong-range correlation by prolonging the acquisition time at 2,3JC,Hvalues of 2.0 and 8.0 Hz. Furthermore, the 1H (proton) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pattern of phenolic hydroxyl protons was developed as a “diagnosis signal” to ascertain the relative location of each side chain in DMSO‑d6at sample concentrations of 0.022–0.034 mol/L. The chemical shift differences of 0.6 ppm between OH-5′ and OH-1 and between OH-8′ and OH-4 are assigned to Type A and Type B, respectively. All reported ambiguous structures were corrected by this pattern. Additionally, the steric structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.

To achieve high-efficiency viscosity reduction in a mild hydrothermal environment, the visbreaking of heavy oil in a mixed solvent of subcritical water (sub-CW) and light aromatics was investigated. By solubilizing sub-CW in heavy oil, the dealkylation involved in visbreaking follows not only a free radical mechanism but also an ionic mechanism. The further introduction of light cycle oil rich in light aromatics but containing olefin groups has a complicated influence on visbreaking. Because of the presence of olefin groups, the viscosity reduction efficiency is initially reduced. In addition, the condensation to asphaltenes is promoted in the late visbreaking stage. However, these adverse effects are offset by the promotion of the solubilization of sub-CW in heavy oil by light aromatics. With enhanced dealkylation in both free radical and ionic mechanisms, a viscosity reduction rate of over 90% and reduced asphaltene formation can be obtained in the middle stage of visbreaking.

Canada’s remaining established oil reserves are estimated at 167.7 billion barrels, of which 97% is found in oil sands. Refineries in Alberta, and many in the US, receive bitumen feedstocks via pipelines for processing into value-added products such as gasoline and diesel fuel. However, pipeline specifications require that bitumen either be upgraded to a lighter synthetic crude oil (SCO) or be diluted with a solvent to reduce viscosity and enhance density. SCO production is capital intensive and operationally costly and also results in significant greenhouse gas emissions. While adding a diluent to bitumen is not economic, this work addresses current challenges being faced by the oil sands industry and technology opportunities for improving the competitiveness of bitumen in the world market. To this end, the discussion focuses on oil sands distillate, which constitutes ∼44% of the bitumen. It has been found that this virgin distillate is a premium commodity in terms of diluent savings for pipelining and excellent processability for producing transportation fuels that may require some quality improvements.

Aqueous amine-based CO2capture is considered as the most mature and applicable CO2capture method for  post-combustion. With the CO2capture process running for a long time, the degradation of aqueous amine-based is inevitable, and the degradation products are numerous and complicated. Therefore, the performance evaluation of aqueous amine solutions containing degradation products is crucial in both guiding the selective removal of degradation products and maintaining or reducing of the solution cyclic utilization rate. Unfortunately, a simple and effective way to increase the economic feasibility of the CO2capture process after accumulated degradation products remains absent, and little attention has been paid to the real effect of degradation products on the CO2capture performance in aqueous amine solutions. In this work, we propose a simple method to evaluate the performance and regeneration energy of aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions accumulating single degradation products based on the fast-bubbling reactor. Using this method, it is possible to quickly determine the key degradation products that affect the performance of aqueous MEA solutions so as to achieving clearer optimization, more direct purification, and a reduced solution cyclic utilization rate.

Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5was synthesized for methane storage application. The effects of various factors such as the mole ratio of reactants and crystallization time on the methane adsorption capacity were investigated. The methane adsorption capacity of the metal–organic framework (MOF) synthesized under optimized conditions could reach 15.6 mmol/g. A facile and general carbonization strategy was proposed to modify the surface of Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5for improving its hydrophobicity performance. Strikingly, the water contact angle of the carbonized sample could reach 144.2°. As a result, the morphology and crystal structure of the carbonized sample remained essentially unchanged after exposure to a 37% relative humidity environment for 5 days. In addition, the methane storage capacity of the thermally modified sample also could reach 15.0 mmol/g, showing the great application potential of this protocol to improve the stability of adsorption capacity in humid environments. The simulation results proved that the water molecules occupied the channels in the framework or even destroyed the TED and BDC linkers and caused the decrease of the methane gravimetric storage performance of Zn(bdc)(ted)0.5in a humid environment. Moreover, an amorphous carbon coating, which can exclude water from entering the framework, was observed to cover the surface of the MOFs during the carbonization process.

Fluid-absent and fluid-fluxed melting of muscovite in metasedimentary sources are two types of crustal anatexis to produce the Himalaya Cenozoic leucogranites. Apatite grains separated from melts derived from the two types of parting melting have different geochemical compositions. The leucogranites derived from fluid-fluxed melting have relict apatite grains and magmatic crystallized apatite grains, by contrast, there are only crystallized apatite grains in the leucogranites derived from fluid-absent melting. Moreover, apatite grains crystallized from fluid-fluxed melting of muscovite contain higher Sr, but lower Th and LREE than those from fluid-absent melting of muscovite, which could be controlled by the distribution of partitioning coefficient (DAp/Melt) between apatite and leucogranite. DAp/Meltin granites derived from fluid-absent melting is higher than those from fluid-fluxed melting. So, not only SiO2and A/CNK, but also types of crustal anatexis are sensitive to trace element partition coefficients for apatite. In addition, due to being not susceptible to alteration, apatite has a high potential to yield information about petrogenetic processes that are invisible at the whole-rock scale and thus is a useful tool as a petrogenetic indicator.

Sea cucumber-shaped Cu2O nanostructures are constructed on a phosphor-copper mesh by employing a one-step immersion process accomplished in distilled water without introducing any additional reagent. The phosphor-copper mesh with a Cu2O structure thereon exhibits significant hydrophilicity and induces a large superoleophobic force at the oil/water interface. The method used for preparing the Cu2O nanostructures represents an inexpensive, fast, and environmentally friendly approach, along with satisfying the requirements of large-scale preparation. It is found that the pickling degree of the phosphor-copper mesh during surface cleaning plays a major role in the oxidation process of the surface for the growth of Cu2O nanostructures. Nanostructures with different morphologies can be achieved by accurately controlling the surface pickling degree. Interestingly, an underwater superoleophobic “pipe” developed using the as-prepared phosphor-copper mesh can realize gravity (buoyancy)-driven oily liquid transport in an aqueous environment, with no associated contamination by the oil. This study provides a simple method to realize surface-functionalization and demonstrates a new route for achieving liquid transportation without external energy and would help to design smart aquatic devices for diverse liquid transport thereby, enabling oil handling and oil spill cleanup.

Valence engineering of copper (Cu) within functional materials is effective to tune the performance and energetics of catalysts and sorbents. Here, by precisely controlling the Cu(II)/Cu(I) ratio employing Na2S2O3as the reduction agent, we synthesized a family of copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) sorbents for organosulfur compound capture. Integrated X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory studies suggest that the atomic-level, short-range order changes caused by Cu reduction lead to simultaneous stability, affinity, and pore topology evolutions in Cu(I)/Cu(II)-BTC, which govern the sorption capacity and binding energetics of dimethyl disulfide capture. This multiscale fundamental study with both experimental and computational results highlights the power of coordination chemistry on materials engineering on atomic level.