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• Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep is associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes among 88,000 participants from the UK Biobank. • Accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes. • Both moderate-to-vigorous PA and light-intensity PA potentially ameliorate the negative impact of short sleep duration on incident type 2 diabetes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity (PA) with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study. Altogether, 88,000 participants (mean age = 62.2 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were included from the UK Biobank. Sleep duration (short: <6 h/day; normal: 6–8 h/day; long: >8 h/day) and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015. PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation: total volume of PA (high, low), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (recommended, not recommended), and light-intensity PA (high, low). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Compared with normal sleep duration, short (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.03–1.41) but not long sleep duration (HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.89–1.15) was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk. This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA. Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA, short sleepers with low volume of PA (HR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.46–2.25), not recommended (below the World Health Organization-recommended level of) MVPA (HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.55–2.36), or low light-intensity PA (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.13–1.90) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while short sleepers with a high volume of PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.88–1.49), recommended MVPA (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.71–1.48), or high light-intensity PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.92–1.41) did not. Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes. A higher level of PA, regardless of intensity, potentially ameliorates this excessive risk. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies links movement activity (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) with mental health or illness indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently, rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition. This cross-sectional study aimed to use compositional isotemporal analysis to estimate the association between reallocation of time-use behaviors and depression symptoms in young adults in China. Participants (n = 1475; 68.0% of female; 20.7 [1.60] years) reported their time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), SB, and sleep. Replacing SB with sleep, LPA, and MVPA at 5, 10, or 15 min was significantly associated with lower estimated depression symptoms scores. For example, adding MVPA from SB at 15 min was associated with lower depression symptoms scores (estimated difference: -0.13 [-0.17, -0.09]). The associations between reallocation of time use behaviors with depression symptoms scores were slightly differentiated. Our results emphasize the importance of increased MVPA and decreased SB as well as their mutual replacements for lowering the risks of depression symptoms in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results can inform policy to develop effective plans and strategies for mental health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited prospective evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and inflammation in older adults. Our aim was to assess the associations between changes in PA and changes in the inflammatory profile in older individuals who are overweight or obese. This prospective study included 489 men and women, aged 55–75 years, from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 18 (IL-18), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted chemokine (RANTES) were obtained from fasting blood samples and a composite inflammatory score based on these biomarkers was calculated. Physical activity was measured by a validated questionnaire. All measures were taken at baseline and one-year follow-up. Multiple linear regression models showed an association between an increase in total PA and a decrease in the inflammatory score (p = 0.012), which was particularly driven by a decrease in C-peptide (p = 0.037). Similarly, the inflammatory score decreased with increasing moderate PA (p = 0.001), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (p = 0.006). Increases in total PA, moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA were associated with a decrease in the inflammatory profile of obese or overweight older individuals. This finding is relevant for PA recommendations and public health strategies. Clinical trial identifier: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial 89898870. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the associations between objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers, and to estimate the associations of reallocating time from one behavior to another with cardiometabolic and endocrine biomarkers. Methods: Baseline data from participants diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, n = 175, 58% men, mean (SD) age = 64.4 (7.7), recruited to a physical activity intervention was used. Time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA was measured by accelerometer and transformed into isometric log-ratio coordinates. The associations between time spent in SB, LIPA and MVPA and biomarkers were examined by linear regression models. The change in each outcome of reallocating time between the three behaviors was estimated. Results: The findings show strong positive associations of time spent in MVPA and negative associations of time spent in SB relative to time spent in the other behaviors with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and negative associations of time spent in SB with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Theoretically, reallocation of 19 minutes MVPA to SB or to LIPA was associated with a 17% and 17% larger SAD, 39% and 36% larger HOMA-IR values and 3.3% and 2.3% lower levels of HDL, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, our analysis from a time-use perspective supports the current evidence that sedentary time is devastating for the cardiometabolic health. While LIPA probably requires more time, maintaining or increasing time in MVPA are the most important features of the time use behaviors when promoting a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788. Registered 2 March 2015 – Retrospectively registered, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The active for life with COPD intervention is feasible and acceptable. • Subjects were very pleased with the active for life with COPD intervention. • Light physical activity increased by 36 min/24 h after the intervention. People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are very sedentary; increasing light physical activity (LPA) may help to promote long-term maintenance of physical activity. We evaluated feasibility and acceptability of Active for Life with COPD, a self-efficacy-enhancing intervention designed to increase LPA. The 10-week intervention included walking, functional circuit training, and behavioral and educational strategies. Measures included attrition, adherence, objectively measured physical activity, and qualitative interviews. Thirty-six subjects enrolled in the study; 26 completed the intervention and 19 completed the two-month follow-up. Subjects reported the intervention was enjoyable and beneficial, but disliked the activity log and buddy system. Subjects increased mean time spent standing/stepping by 36 (SD = 82) min/24 h (P > 0.05); they retained a gain of 21 (SD = 88) min/24 h at the two-month follow-up (P > 0.05). The Active for Life with COPD intervention is feasible, acceptable, and may support long term maintenance of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Participation in physical activity may improve psychological well-being among people with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This study examined the implications of autonomy support for physical activity, on objectively assessed light physical activity (LPA) engagement, and in turn, psychological well-being in RA. In addition, the role of lower-limb functional disability in these associations was investigated. Methods RA patients (n = 50) completed questionnaires assessing 1) autonomy support for physical activity [from a patient-specified important other], 2) functional disability to ‘rise’ and ‘walk’ (functional disabilityRW), 3) depressive symptoms, and 4) subjective vitality. Levels of LPA [100–2019 counts/minute], were calculated from 7 days of accelerometry. Results Path analysis supported a model ( χ 2 (2) = 2.44, p  = 0.30, CFI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.07) in which important other autonomy support for physical activity significantly and positively predicted LPA engagement. In turn, LPA was significantly and positively associated with subjective vitality, and significantly and negatively linked to depressive symptoms. These associations were observed independently of adverse direct relationships between functional disabilityRW with depressive symptoms and subjective vitality. Conclusions Important other autonomy support for physical activity may hold positive consequences for LPA engagement and related psychological well-being in RA, independent of the negative effects of lower-limb functional disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although emerging research is demonstrating the potential health impact of exergaming, investigations have primarily been conducted in laboratory settings among small samples with short-term interventions. Information on the effectiveness of exergaming in underserved children's objective physical activity (PA) in population-based settings is also scarce. Moreover, most empirical studies have only included 1 type of exergame in the intervention. Therefore, this study's purpose was to investigate the long-term impact of a multigame exergaming intervention among underserved children integrated within school curricula. Specifically, this study examined the effect of exergaming on children's accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior (SB), light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and energy expenditure (EE) over 2 years as compared with regular physical education (PE) classes. Methods A total of 261 second- and third-grade children (134 girls, 127 boys; mean age 8.27 years) were recruited from 2 Texas elementary schools. Children's pre-test 3-day SB, light PA, MVPA, and EE at school were assessed in the fall of 2012. Participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (1) exergaming/PE group (125 min weekly of exergaming-based PA program) and (2) comparison group (125 min weekly of PE). PA (SB, light PA, and MVPA) and EE outcome variables were assessed again in 2013 (post-test) and 2014 (follow-up). Results Significant time effects were observed for SB ( F (1, 162) = 25.0, p  <   0.01, η 2  = 0.14), light PA ( F (1, 162) = 9.6, p  < 0.01, η 2  = 0.06), and MVPA ( F (1, 162) = 6.2, p  = 0.01, η 2  = 0.04) but not for EE ( F (1, 162) = 0.63, p  > 0.05, η 2  = 0.004). Subsequent pairwise comparisons revealed significant increases from pre- to post-test for light PA ( p  <   0.01), MVPA ( p  <   0.01), and EE ( p  = 0.02) with no changes in SB ( p  > 0.05). Conversely, significant decreases occurred in light PA ( p  <   0.01) from post-test to follow-up with no differences seen in MVPA ( p  = 0.08) and EE ( p  = 0.06) over the same time period. A significant increase was seen, however, for SB from post-test to follow-up. Conclusion Exergaming PE can have the same positive effect on children's light PA, MVPA, and EE as regular PE. More research is necessary to discern how to promote long-term PA participation after conclusion of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making sure that children do not sit down for long periods of time can help them perform better in school and to improve their health. The aim of the study was to examine the patterns of children's light physical activity patterns and gender differences through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program 2012-2014. The program was designed to create a new physically active school culture, which required changes in psychological and physical school environment. The sample comprised 76 elementary school children at age of 10 to 13-year-old in Northeast-Finland. The data was collected through three measurement phases from October 2012 to April 2014. Accelerometers were used for the objective assessments of light-intensity physical activity. To improve the reliability of the measures, a hundred and thirty-seven children including the current sample were asked how many days per week and minutes per day they spent in light-intensity activities. The findings highlighted that children's total light physical activity sustained stable through two years of program. However, the segments of before-school, after-school, short break, and girls' class time showed declining patterns across the period. Both girls and boys accumulated the majority of their weekly light physical activity during the weekdays and out-ofschool periods compared to weekends and in-school time. The results provided important insights into the development of elementary children's light physical activity across different activity segments. The program seemed to be effective to prohibit declining levels of children's light physical activity. The attention should also be paid on out-of-school, especially after-school and weekend activities, because children spend only limited time of their waking hours at the school on the weekdays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]