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The Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-related rare-earth-element-niobium-iron (REE-Nb-Fe) endogenetic deposit (thereafter as the Bayan Obo deposit), located at 150 km north of Baotou City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is the largest rare-earth element (REE) resource in the world. Tectonically, this deposit is situated on the northern margin of the North China Craton and adjacent to the Xing’an-Mongolian orogenic belt to the south. The main strata within the mining area include the Neoarchean Se’ ertengshan Group and the Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Generally, the rare earth, niobium, and iron mineralization within the deposit are intrinsically related to the dolomite carbonatites and the extensive alteration of the country rocks caused by the carbonatite magma intrusion. The alteration of country rocks can be categorized into three types: contact metasomatism (anti-skarn and skarn alteration), fenitization, and hornfelsic alternation. As indicated by previous studies and summarized in this review, the multi-element mineralization at Bayan Obo is closely associated with the metasomatic replacement of siliceous country rocks by carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The metasomatic process is comparable to the conventional skarnification that formed due to the intrusion of intermediate-acid magmatic rocks into limestone strata. However, the migration pattern of SiO2, CaO, and MgO in this novel metasomatic process is opposite to the skarn alteration. Accordingly, this review delineates, for the first time, an anti-skarn metallogenic model for the Bayan Obo deposit, revealing the enigmatic relationship between the carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal processes and the related iron and rare earth mineralization. Moreover, this study also contributes to a better understanding of the REE-Nd-Fe metallogenetic processes and the related fluorite mineralization at the Bayan Obo deposit.

The reconstruction of buccal-penetrating defects remains challenging. The present study aims to explore the application value of the lateral arm free flap (LAFF) on the reconstruction of buccal-penetrating defects with the hope of providing a better option for clinical practice. Nineteen patients with this kind of issue posed by either tumor resections or deformities in the craniofacial regions were recruited in this study, and LAFF was employed to reconstruct these defects by double folding and individually designing the flap. All the flaps prepared for these subjects in our study survived, and the postoperative assessment of these subjects receiving LAFF revealed that this approach to managing buccal-penetrating defects is able to achieve satisfactory results in terms of appearance and functional recovery. Therefore, our study suggests that LAFF is 1 of the promising flaps to reconstruct the buccal-penetrating defects.

With dolomite as the main aggregate, a clay ceramic carrier was prepared by one-step powder sintering method. After being impregnated with Ce and calcined, a Ce loaded dolomite based (Ce-Dol) clay ceramic catalyst was prepared, which was used for the catalytic gasification of pine wood. The influence of the addition amount of Ce, steam flow rate, gasification temperature and other parameters on the catalytic gasification of pine wood was investigated using a self-developed two-stage gasifier, and the optimal operating conditions were determined. The results show that the dolomite based clay ceramics loaded with cerium can effectively improve the catalytic activity, reduce the stretching vibration peak absorbance of some functional groups in the gasification products, effectively promote the secondary cracking of tar, and improve the quality of gaseous product. When catalyzed by the Ce-Dol clay ceramic containing 6% cerium, the volume fraction of H2peaks with 32.43%. With the rise in gasification temperature, aliphatic carboxylic acids and ketones in biomass tar are gradually decomposed into small molecular compounds such as CO, CO2. The content of H2shows an ascending trend, and a maximum value is reached at 900 °C. Moreover, adding an appropriate amount of steam promotes the forward water-gas reaction, and a maximum volume fraction of H2(37.37%) is achieved at a steam flow rate of 4 mL/min.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is its most common form. OC has both, a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate due to the difficulties of early diagnosis, limitation of current treatment and resistance to chemotherapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a heterogeneous group of cell-derived submicron vesicles, which can be detected in body fluids, and it can be classified into three main types including exosomes, micro-vesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Cancer cells can produce more EVs than healthy cells. Moreover, the contents of these EVs have been found distinctive from each other. It has been considered that EVs shedding from tumor cells may be implicated in clinical applications, such as a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and potential treatment of certain cancers. In this review, we provide a brief description of EVs. in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and drug-resistantance of OC. Cancer-related EVs show powerful influences on tumors by various biological mechanisms. However, the contents mentioned above remain in the laboratory stage and there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials, and the maturity of the purification and detection methods is a constraint. In addition, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA is remarkably prevalent in cancer. It may be possible that ecDNA can be encapsulated in EVs and thus detected by us. In summary, much more research on EVs needs to be performed to reveal breakthroughs in OC and to accelerate the process of its application in clinic.

To enhance the catalytic effect of dolomite, La/Dol catalyst was prepared by impregnation modification of dolomite with La (NO3)3as additive. The catalyst was characterized by BET, SEM and XRD. With pine rods as raw materials and La/Dolas reforming catalysts, the effects of gasification temperature and La amount of catalysts on the catalytic gasification of pine were compared and analyzed in a self-made two-stage biomass gasification reforming experimental furnace. The results show that a small amount of La (2%) can obviously promote the forward progress of water gas reaction and perfect the catalytic reforming effect. Under the working condition of steam flow rate of 10 g/min, 2-La/Dol catalyst and reforming temperature of 750°C, with the increase of gasification temperature, the amount of H2increases significantly, and the highest volume fraction of H2increases from 28.51% (0-La/Dol) to 41.72% (2-La/Dol). La2O3in the catalyst promotes the secondary cracking of tar. As a result, the tar content of liquid phase product is obviously reduced, and the number of functional groups is also reduced. La2O3on dolomite surface occupies active sites, so carbon filaments are not suitable for accumulation and carbon deposition is inhibited. Carbonate (La2O2CO3) in the catalyst can react with carbon to slow down the carbon deposition on the surface and improve the activity and service life of the catalyst.

Development of efficient, economical and stable photocatalysts that can maximize the utilization of ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) light for photocatalytic H2evolution remains a challenge. Herein, polyhedral Mn0.2Cd0.8S (MCS) modified with amorphous NiB nanoparticles was rationally constructed by in-situ synthesis method. Compared to MCS, the optimized MCS/NiB composite exhibited much superior activity with the H2evolution rate of 21.6, 29.1, 35.4 and 45.6 mmol g–1h–1under Vis (420–780 nm), Vis-NIR (420–1100 nm), UV-Vis (350–780 nm) and UV-Vis-NIR (300–1100 nm) light irradiation, respectively. The enhanced activity was attributed firstly to high charge carrier separation efficiency and adequate active reaction sites due to the modification of NiB co-catalyst and secondly to the enhanced photothermal effect owing to the introduction of full spectrum-responsive NiB. This work provides a new perspective for designing photothermal effect-enhanced photocatalytic system.

Pyrolytic-char, a by-product from the slow pyrolysis of pine sawdust, was characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD, etc. Then it was used as an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye, neutral red (NR) from solution in batch mode. Adsorption studies were performed at different pH, salt concentration, contact time and dye concentration in the batch mode. Solution pH 6 is favor of adsorption and it is disadvantage of adsorption with common salt existed. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and Freundlich was better. The adsorption quantity from experiment was up to 272 mg g1 at 293 K. PR can effectively adsorb cationic dye from solution.

The adsorption studies of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from wheat straw (WAC) have been performed. Several experimental parameters like initial pH, p-CP concentration and solution temperature were evaluated. Solution pH within 2-8 is favor of adsorption and it is disadvantage of adsorption at higher temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and Langmuir was better. The maximum capacity was 64.8 mg g–1 at 293 K. The process is spontaneous and exothermic and physical action is major mechanism.

The effect of contact time and the determination of the kinetic parameters of adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution onto Iron-Oxide-Coated-Zeolite (IOCZ) powder are important in understanding the adsorption mechanism. The effect of contact time on adsorption quantity was studied at different initial concentration and temperature, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model was adopted to fit the experimental data using non-linear regressive analysis and it was used to predict the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the process of adsorption MO was endothermic and chemisorption. The pore diffusion was not significant.

On the basis of wholly analyzing the mechanism of the heat transfer in the regenerative heating furnace，the physical and mathematical 3-d model was set up to describe the heat transfer and combustion in the furnace. Then the CFD software was used to simulate the combusting process of the whole furnace. At last, the flow and the temperature profile in the whole furnace were deeply studied and the flow character and the temperature distribution law in the furnace were revealed in detail. The conclusions here were helpful to the reasonable design and optimization controlling of such furnaces.

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (cNEC) is rarely seen in the external ear. In this paper, we newly describe a patient with cNEC in his right external auditory canal, followed by a further discussion on the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments of cNEC of the external ear. A review of the literature showed that cNEC of the external auditory canal generally presents as asymptomatic and that pathology yields the most confirmative diagnosis. A wide resection with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is recommended. The overall prognosis of this condition is poor.