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Aims/BackgroundChronic renal failure (CRF) is the eventual outcome shared by various progressive renal diseases, posing a serious threat to the physical health of patients. CRF patients are required to undergo hemodialysis (HD), which imposes heavy psychological and mental burdens for most individuals. This study explores the effects of Internet Plus-based continuous nursing on the compliance of CRF patients with HD.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 160 CRF patients undergoing HD in the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March 2021 to April 2023, after excluding eight cases from an originally selected cohort of 168 cases. These patients were divided into two groups: 79 cases who received the routine nursing from March 2021 to March 2022 were categorized as the routine group, whereas 81 cases who were given Internet Plus-based continuous nursing from April 2022 to April 2023 were assigned into the observation group. The treatment adherence, self-management behaviors, quality of life and incidence of HD complications were compared in both groups.ResultsBoth groups demonstrated no significant difference in the baseline information (p> 0.05). The scores of adherence in terms of HD attendance, medications, fluid restrictions and diet recommendations in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (p< 0.001). No significant difference in the Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HDSMI) scores on the day of discharge between the two groups was found (p> 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the observation group showed significantly higher scores of partnership, problem solving, self-management execution and emotional processing than the routine group (p< 0.001). Both groups had no significant difference in the scores of Kidney Disease-Targeted Areas (KDTA) and 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) on the day of discharge (p> 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the scores of KDTA and SF-36 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the routine group (p< 0.001). The incidence of HD complications in the observation group (7.41%) was significantly lower than that in the routine group (21.52%) (p< 0.05).ConclusionInternet Plus-based continuous nursing can effectively improve treatment adherence, self-management behaviors as well as quality of life in patients, and reduce the incidence of HD complications.

This article solves the problem of distributed event-triggered fuzzy control for a class of heterogeneous switched nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under switching topologies. A distributed dynamic compensator is designed for addressing the consensus problem of switched MASs with unknown deception attacks. To mitigate the effect of deception attacks, an attack compensator and a new distributed event-triggered fuzzy control method are presented by exploring a common Lyapunov function method and backstepping. Also, if switching occurs between two adjacent triggering instants, then asynchronous switching between candidate controllers of subsystems and subsystems will occur. Furthermore, the asynchronous switching is addressed by constructing a new switching dynamic event-triggered mechanism and distributed event-triggered fuzzy controllers. Also, Zeno phenomenon is excluded by guaranteeing that a lower bound on interevent times is a positive constant. Finally, a practical example is proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed method.

This article presents a high-sensitivity magnetic tactile sensor comprising a dipole magnetic film and a ${z}$ -axis Hall sensor. The tactile sensor primarily focuses on pressure response along the ${z}$ -axis, minimizing interference from magnetic fields in other axes and thereby simplifying signal processing complexity. To enhance the overall performance of the tactile sensor, a qualitative analysis and structural optimization are conducted on both the magnetic film and the Hall sensor. The magnetic film is optimized by comparing different thicknesses and magnetic powder mass fractions, and the Hall sensor undergoes structural optimization through a comparative analysis of different length-to-width ( ${L}/{W}{)}$ ratios. By embedding the Hall sensor into the printed circuit board (PCB), we can ensure a snug fit with the ultrathin flat magnetic film, resulting in an advantageous packaging effect. Employing these approaches, we substantially improve sensitivity, measuring at 5.92 Gs/N, surpassing the sensitivity level (about 0.17 Gs/N) reported in previous works by one order of magnitude. Finally, the device performs comprehensive characterizations, revealing excellent properties, including low hysteresis (6.82%), the rapid response time (< 2 ms), remarkable stability (0.09%), and high repeatability (0.48%). This research will actively promote the development of tactile sensors, which offer substantial applications in robotics, health monitoring, and electronic skin devices.

There is increasing interest in developing quinoa products due to their unique nutritional value. Starch and protein are the primary components in quinoa, and the interaction between them affects the quality of quinoa products. This study extracted the starch and protein from quinoa and simulated the thermal processing of quinoa to investigate the effects of starch on the solubility and structure of quinoa protein isolates during heat treatment. The structure of quinoa protein isolates was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that starch decreased protein solubility, and the maximum solubility was obtained after heating for 5 min. After starch addition during heat treatment, the surface charge distribution of protein changed, the degree of protein aggregation increased, the particle size of proteins increased, the thermal stability increased, and the β-sheet ratio of the proteins increased, suggesting that the protein structure is more ordered, which is the structural foundation of protein solubility decreasing. The research about the interaction between starch and protein and the effects on the solubility of protein could provide a reference for quinoa products processing.

Iron overload often occurs during blood transfusion and iron supplementation, resulting in the presence of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in host plasma and damage to multiple organs, but effects on the intestine have rarely been reported. In this study, an iron overload mouse model with plasma NTBI was established by intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran. We found that plasma NTBI damaged intestinal morphology, caused intestinal oxidative stress injury and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. In addition, plasma NTBI increased the relative abundance of Ileibacteriumand Desulfovibrioin the cecum, while the relative abundance of Faecalibaculumand Romboutsiawas reduced. Ileibacteriummay be a potential microbial biomarker of plasma NTBI. Based on the function prediction analysis, plasma NTBI led to the weakening of intestinal microbiota function, significantly reducing the function of the extracellular structure. Further investigation into the mechanism of injury showed that iron absorption in the small intestine significantly increased in the iron group. Caco-2 cell monolayers were used as a model of the intestinal epithelium to study the mechanism of iron transport. By adding ferric ammonium citrate (FAC, plasma NTBI in physiological form) to the basolateral side, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values from the basolateral to the apical side were greater than 3×10−6cm s−1. Intracellular ferritin level and apical iron concentration significantly increased, and SLC39A8 (ZIP8) and SLC39A14 (ZIP14) were highly expressed in the FAC group. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down ZIP8 and ZIP14 in Caco-2 cells. Transfection with ZIP14-specific shRNA decreased intracellular ferritin level and inhibited iron uptake. These results revealed that plasma NTBI may cause intestinal injury and intestinal flora dysbiosis due to the uptake of plasma NTBI from the basolateral side into the small intestine, which is probably mediated by ZIP14.

Molybdenum–copper composites were developed as heat sink materials. In order to reduce the amount of molybdenum used in the composite material, the explosive welding of molybdenum foil to copper plate was studied. Through the analysis of microstructure and elements, ideas for the processing of molybdenum–copper heat sink materials were proposed. The embrittlement of the molybdenum foil could be reduced by using salt as protective layer. The thickness increase in explosive in the weldability window results in more molybdenum melting, which reduces the generation of microcracks in return. The welding strength in the wave waist is lower than that in the wave front, and the thermal stress exceeding the strength limit of the molybdenum foil may be the important reason for the formation of microcracks. Delamination cracks in the isotherm direction and interface cracks in the joint direction can be observed. Methods of reducing temperature gradients such as thermal explosive welding can reduce the occurrence of microcracks. From outside the vortex to the center of the vortex, the copper content gradually decreases, while the molybdenum content gradually increases. The formation of the vortex is mainly dependent on the movement of copper. The molybdenum element in the transition layer is mainly introduced by diffusion process. The melting of molybdenum particles will lead to uneven quality distribution of molybdenum in the vortex. Compared with the copper side, the molybdenum side at the same distance from interface has a higher work hardening.

In order to reduce critical impact velocity and enlarge weldability window of aluminium/steel explosive welding, a chemical copper plating layer as interlayer was proposed to carry out aluminium/steel explosive welding. The results showed that the interface of the 1060/Q235 composite plate had good bonding performance, and no obvious defects such as cracks and pores were found. Copper plating as intermediate layer could enlarge aluminium/steel weldability window. The thickness of solidified melt was much thicker than that of diffusion zone. The molten copper particles participated in the formation of re-entry jet, which rotated under the action of initial jet. The presence of the Cu layer reduces the occurrence of excessive melting during welding and improves the properties of the interface.

In order to reduce critical impact velocity and enlarge weldability window of aluminium/steel explosive welding, a chemical copper plating layer as interlayer was proposed to carry out aluminium/steel explosive welding. The results showed that the interface of the 1060/Q235 composite plate had good bonding performance, and no obvious defects such as cracks and pores were found. Copper plating as intermediate layer could enlarge aluminium/steel weldability window. The thickness of solidified melt was much thicker than that of diffusion zone. The molten copper particles participated in the formation of re-entry jet, which rotated under the action of initial jet. The presence of the Cu layer reduces the occurrence of excessive melting during welding and improves the properties of the interface.

Characterized by strong acidity, chelating ability, and reducing ability, oxalic acid, a low molecular weight dicarboxylic organic acid, plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, the response to both biotic and abiotic stresses such as plant defense and heavy metals detoxification, and food quality. The metabolism of oxalic acid has been well-studied in microorganisms, fungi, and animals but remains less understood in plants. However, excessive accumulation of oxalic acid is detrimental to plants. Therefore, the level of oxalic acid has to be precisely controlled in plant tissues. In this review, we summarize the metabolism, function, and regulation of oxalic acid in plants, and we discuss solutions such as agricultural practices and plant biotechnology to manipulate oxalic acid metabolism to regulate plant responses to both external stimuli and internal developmental cues.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrain with probiotic properties isolated from Tibetan kefir grains to ameliorate Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) infection and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment-induced murine model of colitis. The tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, hydrophobicity test, autoaggregation assay, and the antioxidant effect of strains was used to screen one strain with colonization and probiotic potential. The murine model of colitis was established by giving 109cfu Fn 3 weeks by intragastric administration and 3% DSS in water 1 week before sacrifice. The results indicated that S. cerevisiaeJKSP39 (SC) possessed optimal probiotic characteristics in vitro. Supplementation with SC increased the body weight and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), while decreasing the disease activity index score and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17F) in mice undergoing experimental colitis as compared with the colitis model group. Additionally, tight junction proteins and the number of goblet cells per crypt were significantly increased in the SC group, which indicated that the gut barrier was well repaired. The mechanism of SC ameliorating Fn-DSS-induced colitis could be related to the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (myeloperoxidase, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, H2O2, and malondialdehyde) in the colon, the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the regulation of gut microbiota.

Nowadays, electronic devices are taking over the market and touch panel is a necessary part, among which capacitive touch panel has greater development potential and development space because of its high transparency, multitouch support and low cost. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technology with the goal of reconstructing tissue image with impedance distribution, which can realize the goal of accurate measurement and maintaining the original characteristics of the medium to the greatest extent at the same time. In this paper, we use EIT‐based approach to achieve a large area touch perception imaging system with high light transmittance, which is to obtain the distribution of the permittivity of the touch penal by just detecting the impedance of the electrode scattered around the panel. We use Sensitivity theory to solve the mapping problem between the permittivity distribution and the signal collected by the electrode in the EIT problem. Besides, we innovatively combine LBP with Landweber algorithm to achieve high precision and fast imaging of touch area, which greatly reduces the discomfort caused by inverse problem in EIT method.

Indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams has been demonstrated to be a feasible technology. In this work, the No. 5 coal seam in the Hancheng block was taken as the research object. Based on the findings of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments and field pilot under this technology and the cohesive element method, a 3D numerical model of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams was established, the fracture morphology propagation and evolution law under different conditions was investigated, and analysis of main controlling factors of fracture parameters was conducted with the combination weight method, which was based on grey incidence, analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The results show that “士”-shaped fractures, T-shaped fractures, cross fractures, H-shaped fractures, and “干”-shaped fractures dominated by horizontal fractures were formed. Different parameter combinations can form different fracture morphologies. When the coal seam permeability is lower and the minimum horizontal principal stress difference between layers and fracturing fluid injection rate are both larger, it tends to form “士”-shaped fractures. When the coal seam permeability and minimum horizontal principal stress between layers and perforation position are moderate, cross fractures are easily generated. Different fracture parameters have different main controlling factors. Engineering factors of perforation location, fracturing fluid injection rate and viscosity are the dominant factors of hydraulic fracture shape parameters. This study can provide a reference for the design of indirect fracturing in the roof of broken soft coal seams.

Background: Pain not only affects the quality of life of an individual but can also cause mental illness due to the lack of effective treatment for long-term pain. Analgesics refer to drugs that can partially or completely relieve pain, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and central analgesics. Methods: In recent years, the cross integration of electrochemical analysis technology with biochemistry, materials science, biomedicine and other disciplines has driven the vigorous development of electrochemical sensing technology in the field of life sciences. The electrochemical sensor has many advantages, such as simple equipment, good specificity, high sensitivity, economy and convenience. As a newly emerging technology, electrochemical sensing technology has been increasingly used in drug analysis. Results: This review introduces the recent advances of the detection of analgesics using electrochemical technology. We deliberately selected three representative drugs for discussion: aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol. Conclusion: Electrochemical sensing technology has the advantages of high sensitivity, a low detection limit and simple operation. However, sensors still have some technical problems, such as the existence of many interference factors in actual samples in blood drug concentration monitoring and the need to further optimize the method conditions for multi-channel detection. With the continuous advancement of research, the application of new detection methods, nanomaterials, and biomolecules has enabled electrochemical technology to make certain progress in the field of drug analysis. In particular, the emergence of new nanomaterials will greatly promote the development of electrochemical sensing technology in drug analysis. As a cutting-edge technology, electrochemical sensing technology has enormous potential application value.

The oral delivery of genistein (GEN) is hindered by its low bioavailability. The delivery of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP or ligustrazine) is faced with physical instability challenges due to its high sublimation tendency. We tackled respective challenges of the two drugs by forming a cocrystal. The GEN-TMP cocrystal exhibits a significantly reduced sublimation tendency than TMP and a significant enhancement in both the in vitrorelease rate and bioavailability in rats than GEN. Thus, cocrystallization simultaneously improves pharmaceutical properties of both parent drugs.

Background: Developing a controllable drug delivery system is imperative and important to reduce side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) an emerging class of hybrid porous materials built from metal ions or clusters bridged by organic linkers have attracted increasing attention in the recent years owing to the unique physical structures possessed, and the potential for vast applications. The superior properties of MOFs, such as well-defined pore aperture, tailorable composition and structure, tunable size, versatile functionality, high agent loading, and improved biocompatibility, have made them promising candidates as drug delivery hosts. MOFs for drug delivery is of great interest and many very promising results have been found, indicating that these porous solids exhibit several advantages over existing systems. Objective: This review highlights the latest advances in the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of MOFs in drug delivery, and has classified them using drug loading strategies. Finally, challenges and future perspectives in this research area are also outlined.

The two-dimensional (2D) periodic Au nanosphere array with silver coating was prepared by using a colloidal monolayer template to obtain a Au nanosphere array and subsequently depositing silver thin coating on it, which could be used as an optical sensor to effectively detect H2S. Such periodic Au nanosphere array with silver coating displayed a surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peak and an optical diffraction peak. Compared with the SPR peak, the diffraction peak, originated from the periodic arrangements of the obtained array, demonstrated a more sensitive optical change to detect H2S with a significant redshift as the H2S concentration increased. It was attributed to the increase of the refractive index of the environment around the Au nanosphere arrays with silver coating due to the partial formation of Ag2S after detecting H2S. Furthermore, the H2S sensor based on the change of the optical diffraction peak, showed an excellent selectivity and it was very sensitive to detect H2S from 2 to 30 μM. This method was investigated by the analysis in H2S-spiked blood samples, which indicates that the method has the potential to detect H2S in blood samples. The presented work provides a new strategy of utilizing the optical diffraction peak of the periodic array to develop promising sensors.

We develop a method to prepare hollow FeP/Fe3O4hybrid nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which could be used as highly active and efficient electrocatalysts. The Fe@Fe3O4/CNT hybrids were first synthesized by annealing the CNTs adsorbed with Fe(NO3)3, followed by controlled phosphorization treatment. They exhibit an outstanding catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a low overpotential of 229 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2, a high turnover frequency value of 0.35 s–1at an overpotential of 300 mV, and an ultralow Tafel slope of 27.6 mV dec–1, which is much better than that of FeP/Fe3O4, FeP/CNTs, Fe3O4/CNTs, and the commercial RuO2electrocatalyst. More importantly, the Tafel slope is much lower than most non-noble metal-based OER electrocatalysts reported in the previous literature studies as far as we know. The excellent OER performance benefits from the electron transfer from Fe3O4to FeP confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, together with good conductivity of CNTs. This hybrid structure supported on conductive CNTs may offer an efficient method to design earth-abundant and low-cost electrocatalysts for OER in practical applications.

This paper presents a ubiquitous and mobile MOOC platform to foster lifelong learning. Harnessing the technological affordances of WeChat (a mobile social media app), learners accessed micro-learning activities and received personal learning analysis report on their mobile phones. Premised on activity theory, the mobile MOOC design model spans across five dimensions of intelligent distribution: learning objective analysis, learner persona analysis, platform improvement based on learning analytics, m-learn tool selection and m-learn interactive environment where the latter forms the core of individual and collaborative learning. To investigate learning effectiveness, we analysed the survey data of 117 Shanghai kindergarten, primary and secondary teachers in one mini-lecture. Findings showed that learning satisfaction and learning achievement are highly correlated with the learnability of the learning environment. The integration of a multidimensional activity and multi-scenario model showed great potential to successfully accommodate the complexity and diversity of mobile MOOC learning activities in a ubiquitous-learning environment.

We report a facile method for the synthesis of water soluble MoO3−xquantum dots (QDs) at room temperature by injecting hydrochloric acid and mercaptosuccinic acid into ammonium molybdate solution within 5 seconds. The optical properties and oxygen vacancy concentration of the QDs could be well controlled by the competitive absorption of a carboxyl group and sulfhydryl group of the ligand with QDs by coordination interaction. The obtained QDs could be used as near infrared region (NIR) fluorescence probes to detect hydrogen peroxide with a low detection limit (3 nM).

Augmented reality tools and applications have been shown to have powerfully impelled the development of the field of education. In this article, the authors designed and developed an augmented reality technology-based courseware “Starry Sky Exploration—Eight Planets in the Solar System” and explored how AR can bring an immersive learning experience to students and improve students' learning effectiveness. This article presents and evaluates AR courseware applicable for the geography curriculum in secondary schools in China. In this study, 36 students from Shanghai secondary vocational school were invited to participate in the experiment, the authors use reliability analysis, regression analysis and brainwave analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the AR course. The authors found that students have higher learning satisfaction and behavioral willingness in AR-based experiential learning activities. It can be seen that AR helps to stimulate students' interest in learning.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, accompanied by intestinal leakage and microbial changes. Pueraria has protective effects on liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of pueraria in the treatment of ALD. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was used to analyze the composition of the pueraria extract (PUE). Acute and chronic ALD models were established to evaluate the antialcoholic and hepatoprotective effects of PUE. As a result, PUE treatment reduced the serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, and TG and inflammatory factors and alleviated liver inflammation and drunk state. PUE decreased the gene expression of ADH1 and the serum level of acetaldehyde (ACH) to inhibit the generation of ACH from ethanol metabolism, increased the gene level of ALDH2 to accelerate the decomposition of ACH, and thereby alleviated liver inflammation and intestinal barrier damage. Meanwhile, 16 S rDNA revealed that PUE altered the microbiota composition, reduced the amount of Proteobacteriaand Desulfobacterota, and thus inhibited the generation of lipopolysaccharide and its downstream-like TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. PUE also increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Prevotellaand producted short-chain fatty acids to protect the intestinal wall. Treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed that PUE gut microbiota dependently alleviated ALD. Therefore, PUE regulated gut microbiota and inhibited ethanol metabolism to alleviate ALD through the liver–gut–brain axis. It has good prospects in the future.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel condition. Procyanidins (PC) are known for their antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimetastatic properties. However, there is comparatively limited information on how PC interacts with UC. In this study, 5 mg/10 mL/kg body weight of PC was administered to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. PC treatment prolonged the survival period of mice, ameliorated UC symptoms, reduced damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, and increased the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the DSS-treated mice. Importantly, PC treatment significantly reduced gene expression related to Th17 cell differentiation, including STAT3, SMAD3, TGF-β, and JAK1. The results of the flow cytometry analysis indicated significant increase in the number of Treg cells and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of Th17 cells in the colon following PC treatment. Additionally, PC increased the abundance of gut microbiota such as Bacteroidota, Oscillospiraceae, Muribaculaceae,and Desulfovibrionaceae, as well as the concentrations of acetate acid, propionate acid, and butyrate acid in the feces. PC also activated short-chain fatty acid receptors, such as G-protein coupled receptor 43 in the colon, which promoted the proliferation of Treg cells. The depletion of gut microbiota and subsequent transplantation of fecal microbiota demonstrated that PC’s effects on gut microbiota were effective in improving UC and restoring intestinal Th17/Treg homeostasis in a microbiota-dependent manner. This suggests that PC could be a promising functional food for the prevention and treatment of UC in the future.

Background Dysbiosis commonly occurs in pancreatic cancer, but its specific characteristics and interactions with pancreatic cancer remain obscure.Materials and methods The 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to analyze multisite (oral and gut) microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and healthy controls. Differential analysis was used to identify the pancreatic cancer-associated genera and pathways. A random forest algorithm was adopted to establish the diagnostic models for pancreatic cancer.Results The chronic pancreatitis group exhibited the lowest microbial diversity, while no significant difference was found between the pancreatic cancer group and healthy controls group. Diagnostic models based on the characteristics of the oral (area under the curve (AUC) 0.916, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.832-1) or gut (AUC 0.856; 95% CI 0.74, 0.972) microbiota effectively discriminate the pancreatic cancer samples in this study, suggesting saliva as a superior sample type in terms of detection efficiency and clinical compliance. Oral pathogenic genera (Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, etc.) and gut opportunistic genera (Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia/Shigella, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, etc.), were significantly enriched in pancreatic cancer. The 16S function prediction analysis revealed that inflammation, immune suppression, and barrier damage pathways were involved in the course of pancreatic cancer.Conclusion This study comprehensively described the microbiota characteristics of pancreatic cancer and suggested potential microbial markers as non-invasive tools for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

Molten MgCl2-based chlorides have emerged as potential thermal storage and heat transfer materials due to high thermal stabilities and lower costs. In this work, deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) simulations by a method combination of the first principle, classical molecular dynamics, and machine learning are performed to systemically study the relationships of structures and thermophysical properties of molten MgCl2–NaCl (MN) and MgCl2–KCl (MK) eutectic salts at the temperature range of 800–1000 K. The densities, radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, potential mean forces, specific heat capacities, viscosities, and thermal conductivities of these two chlorides are successfully reproduced under extended temperatures by DPMD with a larger size (5.2 nm) and longer timescale (5 ns). It is concluded that the higher specific heat capacity of molten MK is originated from the strong potential mean force of Mg–Cl bonds, whereas the molten MN performs better in heat transfer due to the larger thermal conductivity and lower viscosity, attributed to the weak interaction between Mg and Cl ions. Innovatively, the plausibility and reliability of microscopic structures and macroscopic properties for molten MN and MK verify the extensibilities of these two deep potentials in temperatures, and these DPMD results also provide detailed technical parameters to the simulations of other formulated MN and MK salts.

In the realm of organic synthesis, the catalytic and stereoselective formation of C-glycosidic bonds is a pivotal process, bridging carbohydrates with aglycones. However, the inherent chirality of the saccharide scaffold often has a substantial impact on the stereoinduction imposed by a chiral ligand. In this study, we have established an unprecedented zirconaaziridine-mediated asymmetric nickel catalysis, enabling the diastereoselective coupling of bench-stable glycosyl phosphates with a range of (hetero)aromatic and glycal iodides as feasible coupling electrophiles. Our developed method showcases a broad scope and a high tolerance for various functional groups. More importantly, precise stereocontrol toward both anomeric configurations of forming C(sp2)-glycosides can be realized by simply utilizing the popular chiral bioxazoline (biOx) ligands in this reductive Ni catalysis. Regarding the operating mechanism, both experimental and computational studies support the occurrence of a redox transmetalation process, leading to the formation of a transient, bimetallic Ni–Zr species that acts as a potent and efficient single-electron reductant in the catalytic process.

Yttrium-doped barium zirconate (BZY) has emerged as an attractive candidate of oxygen ion (O2–) conducting solid electrolyte because of its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability. In this work, the O2–transport properties and mechanisms of BZY coexisting oxygen vacancies, dopants, and edge dislocations are simulated by reactive molecular dynamics for the first time, and the yttrium concentration (Y%) and temperature (T) dependences of thermodynamic and kinetic properties are studied for the bulk and dislocation (Bulk and Disl) systems, respectively. It is concluded that the Y% under 20 mol % for Bulk BZY can promote O2–conduction, while 30 mol % Y-doped Disl BZY has the highest O2–diffusion coefficient. Besides, dislocations will accelerate O2–diffusion when Tis less than 1173.15 K due to the formation of double-bottle diffusion channels that enables facile reorientation of oxygen polyhedron. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce line defects to enhance ion conductivity at low temperature in the practical applications of BZY electrolytes.

To analyze the application of deep learning computed tomography (CT) texture analysis in TNM staging of gastric cancer.

Lithium-ion power battery has become one of the main power sources for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles because of superior performance compared with other power sources. In order to ensure the safety and improve the performance, the maximum operating temperature and local temperature difference of batteries must be maintained in an appropriate range. The effect of temperature on the capacity fade and aging are simply investigated. The electrode structure, including electrode thickness, particle size and porosity, are analyzed. It is found that all of them have significant influences on the heat generation of battery. Details of various thermal management technologies, namely air based, phase change material based, heat pipe based and liquid based, are discussed and compared from the perspective of improving the external heat dissipation. The selection of different battery thermal management (BTM) technologies should be based on the cooling demand and applications, and liquid cooling is suggested being the most suitable method for large-scale battery pack charged/discharged at higher C-rate and in high-temperature environment. The thermal safety in the respect of propagation and suppression of thermal runaway is analyzed.

A first principles approach based on adiabatic substitution is proposed to evaluate the redox potentials of a series of solute cations Mm + (Cu+, Au+, Tl+, Nd2+, Sc3+, Y3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, U3+, Pu3+, Np3+ and Am3+) in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic solvent at 723 K. A thermodynamic cycle is designed by adiabatic substitution of cation and neutral atom in molten salt with reference cation and reference neutral atom (Ag+ and Ag0 for monovalent cations, Ni2+ and Ni0 for divalent cation, and La3+ and La0 for trivalent cations) and vice versa. The redox potentials of these cations are evaluated relative to theAg+(sol)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s), Ni2 +(sol)|NiCl2(s)|Ni(s) and La3 +(sol)|LaCl3(s)|La(s) reference electrodes, respectively. Good agreements with experimental values are obtained with maximum absolute error of 0.354 V and standard deviation of 0.226 V. In addition, the first principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) is applied to the study of solvation structures of MClm in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic in terms of radial distribution functions and partial static structure factors in satisfactory agreement with X-ray and neutron diffraction characterizations. It is revealed that the solute cation affects significantly the intermediate-range order of Li+-Li+ but slightly of Cl[?]-Cl[?] and K+-K+.

Notch signaling regulates proliferation, differentiation, and function of dendritic cells, T cells, and mast cells, as well as many other immune cells, which act as important parts in food allergy, Notch signaling may play an important role in food allergy.

The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts is a major challenge for water electrolysis. In this work, we designed bimetallic nitrogen-doped carbon (NiCo-NC) materials with excellent performance, which were pyrolyzed by the core-shell structure of Ni-ZIF-8@ZIF-67. Then, the low-Pt supported Pt@NiCo-NC catalyst was prepared by the impregnation liquid-phase reduction method. During the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the catalyst exhibited an overpotential of 31.1 mV and stability in an acidic medium at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. It is worth noting that the overpotential and Tafel slope of the catalyst are both smaller than commercial Pt/C, indicating high catalytic activity. The loading of commercial Pt/C (TKK, 46 wt%) on the electrode was 100 µg/cm2, while the loading of Pt@NiCo-NC-2 wt% was only 6.58 µg/cm2. The presence of bimetals and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) not only improve the hydrogen evolution activity of the catalyst, but also enhance the electrochemical stability. It can be expected that this work will provide important insights for studies based on catalyst supports and improving performance.