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A series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with morpholine and piperazine groups are designed as dual photosensitizers and photothermal agents for more efficient antitumor phototherapy via infrared low‐power laser. Their ground and excited state properties, as well as the structural effect on their photophysical and biological properties, are investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and quantum chemical theoretical calculations. They target mitochondria in human melanoma tumor cells and trigger apoptosis related to mitochondrial dysfunction upon irradiation. The Ir(III) complexes, particularly Ir6, demonstrate high phototherapy indexes to melanoma tumor cells and a manifest photothermal effect. Ir6, with minimal hepato‐/nephrotoxicity in vitro, significantly inhibits the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo under 808 nm laser irradiation by dual photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy and can be efficiently eliminated from the body. These results may contribute to the development of highly efficient phototherapeutic drugs for large, deeply buried solid tumors. Single‐molecule cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes can target mitochondria, induce apoptosis by photogenerated singlet oxygen and caspase activation, and perform dual photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy in vivo under irradiation by an 808 nm low‐power laser with minimal metal residue and hepato‐/nephrotoxicity.

Dissecting the genetic relationships among gluten-related traits is important for high quality wheat breeding. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis for gluten strength, as measured by sedimentation volume (SV) and gluten index (GI), was performed using the QTLNetwork 2.0 software. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the winter wheat varieties Shannong 01-35×Gaocheng 9411 were used for the study. A total of seven additive QTLs for gluten strength were identified using an unconditional analysis. QGi1D-13and QSv1D-14were detected through unconditional and conditional QTLs mapping, which explained 9.15–45.08% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs only identified under conditional QTL mapping were located in three marker intervals: WPT-3743–GLU-D1(1D), WPT-7001–WMC258(1B), and WPT-8682–WPT-5562(1B). Six pairs of epistatic QTLs distributed nine chromosomes were identified. Of these, two main effect QTLs (QGi1D-13and QSv1D-14) and 12 pairs of epistatic QTLs were involved in interactions with the environment. The results indicated that chromosomes 1B and 1D are important for the improvement of gluten strength in common wheat. The combination of conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping could be useful for a better understanding of the interdependence of different traits at the QTL molecular level.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a combination of photosensitizers (PSs), light sources, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage only the desired target and keep normal tissues from being hurt. The dark cytotoxicity (chemotoxicity) of PSs, leading to whole-body damage in the absence of irradiation, is a major limiting factor in PDT. How to simultaneously increase ROS generation and decrease dark cytotoxicity is an essential challenge that must be resolved in PS research. In this study, a series of homoligand polypyridyl ruthenium complexes (HPRCs) containing three singlet oxygen (1O2)-generating ligands (L) in a single molecule ([Ru(L)3]2+) have been constructed. Compared to the heteroligand complexes [Ru(bpy)2(L)]2+where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, the 1O2quantum yield under infrared two-photon irradiation and the DNA photocleavage effect of the HPRCs are significantly enhanced with two more ligands L. The intraligand triplet excited states transition played an important role in the activation of oxygen. The HPRCs target the mitochondria but not the nuclei, generating 1O2intracellularly under irradiation of visible or infrared light. Ru1exhibits high phototoxicity and low dark cytotoxicity toward human malignant melanoma cells in vitro. Moreover, HPRCs have minimal cytotoxicity to human normal liver cells, suggesting their potential as antitumor PDT reagents with more security. This study may provide inspiration for the structural design of potent PS for PDT.

A CdZnO/ZnO multiple quantum-well light-emitting diode (LED) structure was successfully grown by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on a p-GaN template that had been grown by using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition on a c-sapphire substrate. The properties of the sample were characterized by using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. The light output performance of the CdZnO/ZnO QW LED device was also investigated in detail by using I-V and electroluminescence spectral measurements. The characterization showed that our CdZnO/ZnO QW LED structure had good crystalline quality and weaker carrier localization. Owing to the heterojunction structure, the I-V curve indicated that the LED device had a higher turn-on voltage and series resistance. The EL measurement demonstrated that for our LED device’s optoelectronic characteristic, the carrier-screening effect played the dominant role in the emission-energy blue-shift mechanism, and the broadening of the emission energy width was mainly ascribed to the band-filling effect. Without a special heat sinking, the L-I curve exhibited slight efficiency droop after 30 mA.

Black phosphorus (P) has been considered as a promising candidate for anodes due to its ability to absorb a large amount of Li atoms. Unfortunately, lithiation of bulk black P induces huge structural deformation, which limits its application. Here, on the basis of the density functional theory calculation, we predict that the newly found two-dimensional (2D) black and blue P are good electrodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. Our theoretical calculations indicate that, in contrast to bulk black P, the monolayer and double-layer black and blue P can maintain their layered structures during lithiation and delithiation cycles. Moreover, it is found that Li diffusion on the surfaces of black and blue P has relatively low energy barriers (<0.4 eV), and the single-layer blue P and double-layer black and blue P possess high charge capacities.

An AlGaN/AlN distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) structure with a high Al content was grown by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). The properties of the sample were characterized by using the transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and reflectivity spectrum measurements. The reciprocal space mapping analysis indicated that the strain in the AlGaN layers was partially relaxed. The morphology of the DBR exhibited a surface covered by grains (average size of about 130 nm), and the surface roughness was about 2 nm. The spectral measurements showed that the DBR structure presented a peak reflectivity of 68.8% at the center wavelength of 247 nm, which indicated that this DBR structure could work in the deep solar-blind UV region with acceptable reflectivity. However, the optical properties of the DBR structure were deteriorated by the fluctuation of the Al composition, non-uniformity of the layer thickness, the blurry, rough interface in the DBR structure, and so on.

CO2 injection is a very promising and effective technology for promoting oil recovery ratio. But the lack of high pureness CO2 resources restricts the popularization and application of this technology. It is an effective approach to resolve such problem by capturing and purifying CO2 from electric plant and boiler emission gases. Shengli oil field of SINOPEC has researched on high efficiency absorbent, key equipment, capture and purification technique, and forms a technology of CO2 Capture and Purification. This technology not only helps to obtain the CO2 needed by EOR, increasing the economic income, but also to store the CO2 into the abandoned oil wells, preventing the CO2 from being emitted into the atmosphere.