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The structural, photophysical, and photochemical properties of Ln(depma)(hmpa)2(NO3)3(Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, and Yb) complexes 1-Lnwere investigated with a multidisciplinary approach involving synthesis, photocycloaddition-based crystal engineering, spectroscopic analytical techniques and quantum chemical ab initio calculations. Depending on the Ln3+ion the isostructural 1-Lncomplexes exhibit quite different behavior upon excitation at 350–400 nm. Some 1-Lncomplexes (Ln = La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Yb) emit a broad and strong band near 533 nm arising from paired anthracene moieties, whereas others (Ln = Nd, Eu, Ho, Er) do not. 1-Euis not emissive at all, whereas 1-Nd, 1-Ho, and 1-Erexhibit a Ln3+based luminescence. Upon irradiation with 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light 1-Ln(Ln = La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Yb) dimerize by means of a photochemically induced [4 + 4] cycloaddition of the anthracene moieties, whereas 1-Ln(Ln = Nd, Eu, Ho, Er) remain monomers. We propose three models, based on the matching of the energy levels between the Ln3+ion and the paired or dimerized anthracene units in the energy-resonance crossing region, as well as on internal conversion-driven and intersystem crossing-driven energy transfer, which explain the Ln3+ion regulated photophysics and photochemistry of the 1-Lncomplexes.

Visualizing the whole vascular network system is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of specific diseases and devising targeted therapeutic interventions. Although the combination of light sheet microscopy and tissue-clearing methods has emerged as a promising approach for investigating the blood vascular network, leveraging the spatial resolution down to the capillary level and the ability to image centimeter-scale samples remains difficult. Especially, as the resolution improves, the issue of photobleaching outside the field of view poses a challenge to image the whole vascular network of adult mice at capillary resolution. Here, we devise a fluorescent microsphere vascular perfusion method to enable labeling of the whole vascular network in adult mice, which overcomes the photobleaching limit during the imaging of large samples. Moreover, by combining the utilization of a large-scale light-sheet microscope and tissue clearing protocols for whole-mouse samples, we achieve the capillary-level imaging resolution (3.2 × 3.2 × 6.5 μm) of the whole vascular network with dimensions of 45 × 15 × 82 mm in adult mice. This method thus holds great potential to deliver mesoscopic resolution images of various tissue organs for whole-animal imaging.

In this paper, we investigate a self-sensing intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided millimeter wave (mmWave) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Unlike the conventional purely passive IRS, the self-sensing IRS can effectively reduce the path loss of sensing-related links, thus rendering it advantageous in ISAC systems. Aiming to jointly sense the target/scatterer/user positions as well as estimate the sensing and communication (SAC) channels in the considered system, we propose a two-phase transmission scheme, where the coarse and refined sensing/channel estimation (CE) results are respectively obtained in the first phase (using scanning-based IRS reflection coefficients) and second phase (using optimized IRS reflection coefficients). For each phase, an angle-based sensing turbo variational Bayesian inference (AS-TVBI) algorithm, which combines the VBI, messaging passing and expectation-maximization (EM) methods, is developed to solve the considered joint location sensing and CE problem. The proposed algorithm effectively exploits the partial overlapping structured (POS) sparsity and 2-dimensional (2D) block sparsity inherent in the SAC channels to enhance the overall performance. Based on the estimation results from the first phase, we formulate a Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) minimization problem for optimizing IRS reflection coefficients, and through proper reformulations, a low-complexity manifold-based optimization algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Simulation results are provided to verify the superiority of the proposed transmission scheme and associated algorithms.

This letter investigates the robust beamforming design for an integrated sensing and covert communications system, where the transmitter (Alice) performs some sensing task and simultaneously communicates with multiple legitimate users (Bobs) covertly, evading detection by the eavesdropper (Willie). Considering the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) of Alice-to-Bobs and Alice-to-Willie links, we formulate a robust beamforming optimization problem to minimize the Cramér-Rao bound for sensing parameter while satisfying the total transmit power, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and covertness constraints for communication. An iterative algorithm, employing semi-definite programming and successive convex approximation, is proposed to address this challenging problem. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, highlighting the robustness of the optimized beamforming design under imperfect CSI.

This article investigates the attitude containment control problem for multiple spacecrafts based on optimized backstepping design strategy. First, the spacecrafts' attitude dynamics are modeled by modified Rodrigues parameters and are rewritten in the strict-feedback form. Then, we incorporate the idea of optimal control into each step of backstepping design procedure. At each step, the optimal virtual/actual control law is obtained via actor–critic reinforcement learning algorithm and approximated by fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). The updating laws of the parameter matrices are designed in a more concise form and the persistent excitation condition is relaxed. According to the Lyapunov stability analysis, the containment error and FLS parameter errors are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This brief proposes a low-profile tri-mode dielectric resonator (DR) for implementing a rat-race coupler. The proposed DR has a hexagonal shape with a hybrid boundary, where three of its lateral surfaces are plated with silver. The hybrid boundary enables three operation modes, whose resonant frequencies can be gathered by subtly adjusting the DR dimension. By exploiting the inherent phase relationship among the three modes, filtering in-phase power divider or filtering balun can be implemented by selectively exciting specific modes. Furthermore, by combining the feeding schemes of the aforementioned two circuits, a filtering rat-race coupler can be achieved. Additionally, the source-load coupling provides two transmission zeros beside the passband for enhancing selectivity. For demonstration, a filtering rat-race coupler centered at 5.8 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results show good agreement.

Objective: Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is being explored for neuroscience research and clinical applications due to its ability to affect precise brain regions noninvasively. The ability to target specific brain regions and localize the beam during these procedures is important for these applications to avoid damage and minimize off-target effects. Here, we present a method to combine optical tracking with magnetic resonance (MR) acoustic radiation force imaging to achieve targeting and localizing of the tFUS beam. This combined method provides steering coordinates to target brain regions within a clinically practical time frame. Methods: Using an optically tracked hydrophone and bias correction with MR imaging we transformed the FUS focus coordinates into the MR space for targeting and error correction. We validated this method in vivo in 18 macaque FUS studies. Results: Across these in vivo studies a single localization scan allowed for the average targeting error to be reduced from 4.8 mm to 1.4 mm and for multiple brain regions to be targeted with one transducer position. Conclusions: By reducing targeting error and providing the means to target multiple brain regions within a single session with high accuracy this method will allow further study of the effects of tFUS neuromodulation with more advanced approaches such as simultaneous dual or multi-site brain stimulation.

Endothelial senescence, aging-related inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are prominent features of vascular aging and contribute to the development of aging-associated vascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that DNA damage occurs in aging vascular cells, especially in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanism of EC senescence has not been completely elucidated, and so far, there is no specific drug in the clinic to treat EC senescence and vascular aging. Here we show that various aging stimuli induce nuclear DNA and mitochondrial damage in ECs, thus facilitating the release of cytoplasmic free DNA (cfDNA), which activates the DNA-sensing adapter protein STING. STING activation led to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), thereby releasing pro-aging cytokines and cfDNA to further exacerbate mitochondrial damage and EC senescence, thus forming a vicious circle, all of which can be suppressed by STING knockdown or inhibition. Using next-generation RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that STING activation stimulates, whereas STING inhibition disrupts pathways associated with cell senescence and SASP. In vivo studies unravel that endothelial-specific Stingdeficiency alleviates aging-related endothelial inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents the development of atherosclerosis in mice. By screening FDA-approved vasoprotective drugs, we identified Cilostazol as a new STING inhibitor that attenuates aging-related endothelial inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that Cilostazol significantly inhibited STING translocation from the ER to the Golgi apparatus during STING activation by targeting S162 and S243 residues of STING. These results disclose the deleterious effects of a cfDNA-STING-SASP-cfDNA vicious circle on EC senescence and atherogenesis and suggest that the STING pathway is a promising therapeutic target for vascular aging-related diseases.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in irreversible loss of sensory and motor functions, and most SCIs are incurable with current medical practice. One of the hardest challenges in treating SCI is the development of a dysfunctional pathological microenvironment, which mainly comprises excessive inflammation, deposition of inhibitory molecules, neurotrophic factor deprivation, glial scar formation, and imbalance of vascular function. To overcome this challenge, implantation of functional biomaterials at the injury site has been regarded as a potential treatment for modulating the dysfunctional microenvironment to support axon regeneration, remyelination at injury site, and functional recovery after SCI. This review summarizes characteristics of dysfunctional pathological microenvironment and recent advances in biomaterials as well as the technologies used to modulate inflammatory microenvironment, regulate inhibitory microenvironment, and reshape revascularization microenvironment. Moreover, technological limitations, challenges, and future prospects of functional biomaterials to promote efficient repair of SCI are also discussed. This review will aid further understanding and development of functional biomaterials to regulate pathological SCI microenvironment.

Background: The peak power density of the hard X-ray nano-probe beamline is the highest at SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility). The peak power density of the front-end is 77.43 kW/mrad2, which is about 1.7 times higher than the others, for the fixed mask 1 (FM1) which is 11,440 mm away from the light source. However, adopting the traditional design may cause the major power absorbed by the downstream fixed mask 2 (FM2). Purpose: In order to evenly absorb the heat and ensure smooth beam transmission. Methods: The synchrotron beam tracing was performed, and the separate mask absorption approach was adopted. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to analyze the thermodynamic behavior of FMs. Result: Currently, the front-end has been successfully designed and is running smoothly.

Remediation of contaminated water using biosorbents is of great interest. Modification of pristine biochar using biogum and ceramsite with metal oxides under magnetic medium and its application for water decontamination has not yet been investigated. Therefore, a chia seeds gum (g) and synthetic ceramsite-impregnated hybrid magnetic biochar (g-MBC) filled reactor was established to assess the synchronous removal of Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and NO3−from contaminated water. The potential removal mechanisms have been investigated using microscopic, spectroscopic, and microbial techniques. The removal rates of Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and NO3−by the novel g-MBC bioreactor reached 79.9, 100.0, 99.8, and 99.9%, respectively, at carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 6, pH of 6.50, and hydraulic retention time of 6 h. Most of the NO3−was converted to gaseous nitrogen (N2: 99.8%) in the g-MBC bioreactor without accumulation of toxic nitrite (NO2−). The SEM images showed different and numerous forms of biological precipitates attached to the g-MBC filler, whereas EDS, XRD, and FTIR analyses showed the composition of mineralized products like CaCO3, Ca3(PO3)2, CdCO3, and ZnCO3. Sphingomonas, Dechloromonas, Acinetobacter,and Aquabacteriumwere the dominant genera in the microbial community in the g-MBC bioreactor with strong biomineralization capability and specific adaptability to high concentrations of Cd2+and Zn2+. We concluded that chia seeds gum and ceramsite effectively enhanced the adhesion between the biofilm and filler due to its high viscosity. Therefore, the g-MBC bioreactor exhibited a good ability to synchronously remove Ca2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and NO3−from water. These findings may help in the sustainable management of contaminated water.

Micro-optics are attracting ever-increasing attention in advanced optical systems owing to their merits of high optical performance and high structure compactness. Although deterministic polishing is crucial for obtaining optically qualified components, the decreased micro-optic feature size imposes significant challenges on the polishing process. To proceed the post-processing technique for micro-optics, we developed a novel magnetorheological micro-polishing (μMRP) method, which features a non-contact and deterministic removal of the workpiece materials. An electromagnetic polishing tool for stiffening the MR slurry was specially designed to tightly focus the high-gradient magnetic field within a small region around the tip, thereby enabling the material removal to occur at the micro-scale. The pulse-width modulation (PWM) control strategy for the excitation currents could continuously refresh the MR slurry in the polishing, as well as precisely control the material removal. Moreover, a planar dual-axial oscillation was employed to move the tool to generate relative motions between the abrasives and workpieces for removing the materials. In practice, smooth Gaussian-shape footprints with full width at half-maximum (FWHM) around hundreds of micrometers were achieved, and the influence of the working gap, oscillation frequency, and duty ratio on the material removal was further investigated. Finally, the deterministic material removal capability was demonstrated by generating a sinusoidal micro-grid surface with an amplitude of 80 nm and a spatial period of 600 μm. The surface roughness and form error were about Sa = 1.027 nm and 6.5 nm (RMS), demonstrating that the developed μMRP is promising for figuring micro-optics.

Starter cultures play a significant role in lipid hydrolysis, prevention of lipid oxidation, and synthesis of fatty acid in fermented sausage, enhancing product quality. In this study, five synergistic bacterial strains were used, including Pediococcus pentosaceus(B-3), Latilactobacillus sakeiDLS-24 (D-24), Latilactobacillus acidophilusDLS-29 (D-29), Lactiplantibacillus pentosus(B-1), and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(B-2). Sausage B1B3D24 gave the highest free fatty acid with 39.45 g/100 g at 45-Day. Based on 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, B2B3 contains 112.68 MDA/kg. Lipoxygenase activity displays the lowest in B1B3D24 with 0.095 μmol/min·mg followed by B2B3 with 0.145 μmol/min·mg. B1B3D24 contains 11.35 g/kg of monounsaturated fatty acid with the highest content in eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1). The fatty acid synthesis pathway in B1B3D24 contains an active positive interaction with PUFA to increase the isotopomers of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. In addition, lipid mediating genes in B1B3D24 show the highest counts in fatty-acid synthase, carbonyl reductase 4, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 8, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Thought control ability (TCA) plays an important role in individuals' health and happiness. Previous studies demonstrated that TCA was closely conceptually associated with happiness. However, empirical research supporting this relationship was limited. In addition, the neural basis underlying TCA and how this neural basis influences the relationship between TCA and happiness remain unexplored. In the present study, the voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) method was adopted to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of TCA in 314 healthy subjects. The behavioral results revealed a significant positive association between TCA and happiness. On the neural level, there was a significant negative correlation between TCA and the gray matter density (GMD) of the bilateral amygdala. Split‐half validation analysis revealed similar results, further confirming the stability of the VBM analysis findings. Furthermore, gray matter covariance network and graph theoretical analyses showed positive association between TCA and both the node degree and node strength of the amygdala. Moderation analysis revealed that the GMD of the amygdala moderated the relationship between TCA and happiness. Specifically, the positive association between TCA and self‐perceived happiness was stronger in subjects with a lower GMD of the amygdala. The present study indicated the neural basis underlying the association between TCA and happiness and offered a method of improving individual well‐being.

Host plants can strongly influence the population performance of insects. Here, we investigated the development, survival, and oviposition of Scirtothrips dorsalisHood on 6 host plants—Camellia sinensis( L.) Kuntze (Ericales: Theaceae), Rosa chinensisJacq. (Rosales: Rosaceae), Capsicum annuumL. (Solanales: Solanaceae), Eustoma grandiflorum(Hook.) G.Don (Gentianales: Gentianaceae), Glycine max(L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and Cucumis sativusL. (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae), and constructed life tables for S. dorsalison each plant. Significant differences in S. dorsalisdevelopment on the host species were observed. The mean developmental period from egg to adult was 11.45 ± 0.12 days, 11.24 ± 0.13 days, 12.08 ± 0.15 days, 12.28 ± 0.12 days, 12.67 ± 0.10 days, and 13.03 ± 0.11 days on C. sinensis, R. chinensis, C. annuum, E. grandiflorum, G. max, and C. sativus, respectively. Significant differences in survival of S. dorsaliswere observed, namely, C. sinensis ≈ R. chinensis> E. grandiflorum≈ C. annuum>G. max> C. sativus. The highest and lowest fecundities of S. dorsaliswere recorded on R. chinensis(60.44 ± 1.53) and C. sativus(28.64 ± 1.02), respectively. Both of the net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of S. dorsaliswere the highest on R. chinensis, with the values of 27.63 ± 0.58 and 0.142 ± 0.002, respectively; while the lowest on C. sativus, with the values of 8.81 ± 0.12 and 0.092 ± 0.003, respectively. Thus, R. chinensiswas found to be the most suitable host, but C. sativuswas the least suitable, for population development of S. dorsalis. Our results provide important information for the key control of S. dorsalisamong different host plants.Graphical Abstract

Transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS) procedures such as neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening require precise focus placement within the brain. MRI is currently the most reliable tool for focus localization but can be prohibitive for procedures requiring recurrent therapies. We designed, fabricated, and characterized a patient-specific, 3-D-printed, stereotactic frame for repeated tFUS therapy. The frame is compact, with minimal footprint, can be removed and re-secured between treatments while maintaining sub-mm accuracy, and will allow for precise and repeatable transcranial FUS treatment without the need for MR-guidance following the initial calibration scan. Focus localization and repeatability were assessed via MR-thermometry and MR-acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) on an ex vivo skull phantom and in vivo nonhuman primates (NHPs), respectively. Focal localization, registration, steering, and re-steering were accomplished during the initial MRI calibration scan session. Keeping steering coordinates fixed in subsequent therapy and imaging sessions, we found good agreement between steered foci and the intended target, with target registration error (TRE) of $1.2~\pm ~0.3$ ( ${n} =4$ , ex vivo) and $1.0~\pm ~0.5$ ( ${n} =3$ , in vivo) mm. Focus position (steered and non-steered) was consistent, with sub-mm variation in each dimension between studies. Our 3-D-printed, patient-specific stereotactic frame can reliably position and orient the ultrasound transducer for repeated targeting of brain regions using a single MR-based calibration. The compact frame allows for high-precision tFUS to be carried out outside the magnet and could help reduce the cost of tFUS treatments where repeated application of an ultrasound focus is required with high precision.

In industrial wireless sensor networks, the existing event-based consensus clock synchronization schemes can achieve network-wide clock synchronization without considering the communication delays. However, communication delays are a significant factor restricting the achievement of clock synchronization in realistic scenarios. Besides, a constraint to be considered in the design of synchronization scheme is the limited communication resources of sensor nodes. Therefore, in this article, we investigate an event-based consensus clock synchronization scheme under delays. On the one hand, a new low-pass filter is used to estimate the relative skew to resist the influence of communication delays. On the other hand, a new event-triggered scheme is utilized to reduce unnecessary information transmission. Finally, we provide the convergence proof and simulation results of the proposed scheme, which further proves that it can achieve clock synchronization under communication delays while decreasing communication overhead.

Tuberculosis is a preventable disease. However, there is debate regarding which individuals would benefit most from tuberculosis preventive treatment and whether these benefits vary in settings with a high burden and low burden of tuberculosis. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of tuberculosis preventive treatment in exposed individuals of differing ages and Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection status while considering tuberculosis burden of the settings.

Rapid development of checkpoint inhibitors has provided significant breakthroughs for cancer stem cell (CSC) therapy, while the therapeutic efficacy is restricted by hypoxia-mediated tumor immune evasion, especially hypoxia-induced CD47 overexpression in CSCs. Herein, we developed a genetically engineered CSC membrane-coated hollow manganese dioxide (hMnO2@gCMs) to elicit robust antitumor immunity by blocking CD47 and alleviating hypoxia to ultimately achieve the eradication of CSCs. The hMnO2core effectively alleviated tumor hypoxia by inducing decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2, thus suppressing the CSCs and reducing the expression of CD47. Cooperating with hypoxia relief-induced downregulation of CD47, the overexpressed SIRPα on gCM shell efficiently blocked the CD47-SIRPα “don't eat me” pathway, synergistically eliciting robust antitumor-mediated immune responses. In a B16F10-CSC bearing melanoma mouse model, the hMnO2@gCMs showed an enhanced therapeutic effect in eradicating CSCs and inhibiting tumor growth. Our work presents a simple, safe, and robust platform for CSC eradication and cancer immunotherapy.

With the rapid development in information, communication, energy, medical care, and other fields, the demand for light, strong, flexible, and stable materials continues to grow. Carbon nanotube (CNT) films possess outstanding properties, such as flexibility, good tensile properties, low density, and high electrical conductivity, making them promising materials for a wide range of applications. This paper reports an effective strategy that combines stretching treatment, laser etching, and electron beam deposition to fabricate an iron-deposited CNT film, which can serve as a counter electrode (CE) of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. The study also investigates the influences of processing parameters, such as stretching ratio and iron-depositing thickness on the film’s stacking structure, electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. Under optimized stretching ratios and depositing thicknesses, the catalytic activity of the reacted deposited layer and the high electrical conductivity of the flexible film basis can be fully utilized, allowing the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells to reach approximately 4.58%. Additionally, the CE exhibits flexibility, light transmission, and good stability, with its primary properties remaining above 97% after nearly 50 days. Thus, this research provides innovative material options and development strategies for the development of electrode materials.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, emerged in December 2019. Its origins remain uncertain. It has been reported that a number of the early human cases of coronavirus disease 2019 had a history of contact with the Huanan Seafood Market. Here we present the results of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 within the market. From 1 January 2020, after closure of the market, 923 samples were collected from the environment. From 18 January, 457 samples were collected from 18 species of animal, comprising unsold contents of refrigerators and freezers, swabs from stray animals and the contents of a fish tank. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (Bowtie2 analysis), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 74 (70 RT-qPCR and 4 Bowtie2) environmental samples, but none of the animal samples. Three live viruses were successfully isolated. The viruses from the market shared a nucleotide identity of 99.99% to 100% with the human isolate HCoV-19/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019. SARS-CoV-2 lineage A (8782T and 28144C) was found in an environmental sample. RNA-sequencing analysis of SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative environmental samples showed an abundance of different vertebrate genera at the market. In summary, this study provides information about the distribution and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Huanan Seafood Market during the early stages of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.

Aerogels have been widely studied in the field of thermal insulation. Herein, we reported a kind of conjugated micropolymer (CMP) aerogel synthesized by 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 2-amino-3,5-dibromopyridine. To enhance the flame-retardant property, we composited hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires with a CMP aerogel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that HAP nanowires were encapsulated within nanosized CMP tubes. In addition, the thermal conductivity of HAP2-NCMP aerogel was 0.0251 W m–1K–1, which possesses good thermal insulation property. In the micro-combustion calorimeter (MCC) test, compared with pure NCMP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of HAP2-NCMP decreased from 39.3 to 30.82 W g–1, approximately 21.6% lower. Furthermore, with the increased addition of hydroxyapatite in the HAP-NCMP composite, the pHRR of HAP3-NCMP decreased by about 37.4%. Besides, NCMP possesses good mechanical properties, with a compressive strength of 117.3 kPa at a strain level of 60%. These findings suggest promising application potential for HAP-NCMP in energy-saving and flame-retardant applications.

Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests as multiorgan damage due to impaired copper (Cu) metabolism. Female patients with HLD often experience reproductive impairments. This study investigated the protective effect of berberine against ovarian damage in toxic-milk (TX) mice, a murine model for HLD.