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The scaling of the wet-gas pipes is getting worse along with the increasing volume of produced water, and can increase energy consumption, and even cause blockage accidents. Hence, the accurate prediction of the scaling rate is crucial for the effective and safe operation of pipelines. In this paper, a computation fluid dynamic (CFD) method based on the combination of chemical reaction model, discrete phase model (DPM), erosion model (EM) and fluid-structure interaction model can estimate the scale formation and deposition process and rate in straight pipelines and elbows. The two key parameters, the exponential factor and the temperature index used to calculate the scale formation rate, are fitted from scale experimental data collected from a field wet-gas transmission pipe. Based on the sedimentary probability obtained by DPM and EM, the scaling rate calculation model (SRCM) established. The experiment items study for wet-gas pipelines demonstrates CFD-SRCM; the relative deviation between the actual scale rate and the calculated value is in the range of 2.7% to 18.9%. And then, two industrial cases forecast the scaling rates. CFD-SRCM is a highly promising new method for predictive monitoring of scaling.

The organic carbon source coating LiFexMn1-xPO4suffers from the problem of non-uniform carbon cladding. Too thick carbon cladding layer instead hinders the de-embedding of lithium ions. In this paper, we choose cornstalk as the carbon source, then LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@cornstalk-C (LFMP@C-C) with 3D anchoring structure is prepared by the solvothermal method. The results show that the LFMP with cornstalk as the carbon source has better performance compared to the sucrose-coated LFMP material (LFMP@C). The discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is 116 mAh/g for the first cycle at 1 C and the capacity retention rate is 94.0% after 500 cycles, and the discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is more than 17.17% higher than that of LFMP@C.

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LiMn2O4(LMO) is the substance of choice for small and medium-sized energy storage materials in daily life. In this work, Li3InCl6(LIC) is prepared on the surface of LiMn2O4by hydrothermal method using InCl3and LiCl as raw materials. This method stabilizes the LMO crystal structure by uniformly coating the LIC on the LMO surface and effectively maintains the morphology of LMO crystals during the cycling process. SEM and EDS analysis confirm the morphology and homogeneity of the synthesized material LIC on the LMO surface. The prepared material is put into a battery, and the charge-discharge test is carried out at 0.5 C and 1 C. The results show that the LIC surface-modified samples exhibit more than 6% higher cycling performance than the unmodified samples after long cycling.