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•We observe in the strains from foods a higher production of biofilms in PVC.•In the BHI broth, no submerged biofilms were found.•The enterotoxin profile most common includes genes for the three enterotoxins.

Bacillus cereusis a microorganism associated with food poisoning. It has been found in products, such as milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify B. cereusgroup strains in artisan cheeses sold in southwestern Mexico, as well as its toxigenic profile, its psychrophilic ability, and its biofilm production. B. cereusisolation was performed on Mannitol Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar and this was molecularly confirmed by the amplification of the gyrBgene. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the toxigenic profile, amplifying conserved regions of hblABDand nheABCoperons, which code for the subunits of Hbland Nhetoxins, respectively, as well as gesand cytKgenes, which code for toxin cereulide and cytotoxin K (Cytk). Frequency of B. cereuscontamination in artisan cheeses was 29.48% (23/78), and the bacterium was isolated in similar quantities in all types of products. All strains were amylase positive, and 60.86% (14/23) were able to produce biofilm; 91.30% (21/23) of the strains were psychrophilic. In most of the strains, at least one gene related to enterotoxins was identified (21/23). B. cereusstrains in this study have a high toxigenic potential, which increases the risk of food poisoning due to the consumption of artisan cheeses made in Mexico.

Background The reduced folate carrier (RFC1) is a major methotrexate transporter whose impaired function was recognized as a frequent mechanism of antifolate resistance. Recently, a G80A polymorphism has been described in the RFC1. This study evaluated the effect of the G80A polymorphism in the RFC1gene on survival and risk of relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Methods and Results Seventy patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. An association between the polymorphism and risk of relapse was found (P< 0.05). Patients with the G/A genotype have 3.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–14.06) and carriers of the A/A genotype have 7.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.66–37.10) higher chance of a relapse. Other variables such as age and leukocyte count were associated (P< 0.05) with the risk of relapse of disease. Individuals with G/A or A/A genotypes had poorer survival (log-rank test, P= < 0.05).Conclusions These data suggest a role of the polymorphism G80A in the risk of relapse and the mortality risk in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the State of Guerrero, Mexico.

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of precancerous lesions and CC cases worldwideObjective We assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV types and theirassociation with precancerous lesions and CC.Methods HPV genotypes were detected by 3 methods depending on the year of in which the sample was analyzed: MY09/11 RFLPs (1997 to 2010), GP5+/6+ primer systems (2005 to 2010) and INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra (2010 to 2019) in cervical samples (No-IL: 4445; LSIL: 2464; HSILs: 151 and CC: 253) from women from southern Mexico.Results The overall HPV prevalence was 54.17%, and hpv-16 was the most common genotype. In single infection, the high-risk HPV genotypes (group 1) were associated with squamous intraepitelial lesions (LSIL: HPV–39 (OR = 10.58, 95% CI 4.09–27.36, P < .001); HSIL: HPV-31 (OR = 14.76, 95% CI 6.56–33.20, P < .001); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 25.01, 95% CI 18.83–33.21, P < .001). In multiple infections, the HPV genotypes (HPV-16 and HPV-18) were also associated with a high risk of lesions [LSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.36–8.91; P = .009); HSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 5.12; 95% CI 1.21–21.68; P = .026); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.72–5.32; P < .001)] compared to single infection. In the analysis adjusted for age, giving birth, and cigarette smoking, a significant increase in the risk of LSIL, HSIL, and CC was maintained.Conclusions This study provides current data on the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from southern Mexico, which could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide CC screening programs and provide scientific evidence that could be useful for vaccine development efforts. Likewise, it was identified that infection with carcinogenic HPV genotypes is an independent risk factor for LSIL, HSIL, and CC.

Background: This study was conducted to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types in women with cervical cancer (CC) and normal cervical cytology in the Southern region of Mexico, and to know the contribution of HPV types and cofactors in cervical cancer etiology. Methods: A case–control study was performed in 133 women with CC and 256 controls. HPV detection was done by MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR systems and typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism or DNA sequencing. Results: HPV was found in 100% of CC and 35.5% of controls. The genotype distribution in CC was: HPV 16 (66.8%), 18 (9%), 31 (7.5%), 45 (4.5%), 58 (3.7%), 69 (3%), 52 (1.6%), 6, 11, 33, 56, and 67 (0.8% each). Among controls, HPV 33 followed by HPV 16 were the most frequent. Cervical cancer was associated with HPV 16 (OR=573.5), HPV 18 (OR=804.4), and undetermined risk HPV (types 67 and 69) (OR=434.3). Age at first intercourse <16 years (OR=9.6) and ≥3 births (OR=16) were significant risk factors for CC. Conclusions: HPV 16, by far, is the most frequent type in CC, HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for 75.8% of the CC cases and high-risk HPV for 94.7%, which is useful data to take into account in vaccination programs. HPV 33 is the most frequent type in controls and high-risk HPV are more common than low-risk HPV.