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Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of follow-up multiparametric MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and to find other, if any, clinical or radiological predictors. Materials and methods: Post-HIFU MRIs of 110 consecutive patients who underwent follow-up biopsies between August 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the likelihood of recurrence was assessed on a five-point Likert scale by two board-certified uroradiologists. Diagnostic performance of the Likert scale assigned to the post-HIFU MRI was assessed using the follow-up biopsy results as a reference standard. Among the clinical and radiological variables, predictors of the recurrence were examined through logistic regression. Results: In per-patient and per-sector analyses, Likert scale on post-HIFU MRI showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.37 and 0.97, and 0.42 and 0.87, respectively, in predicting recurrence. Two patients with high suspicion on MRI required additional treatment to regain biochemical control despite negative biopsies. High suspicion on post-HIFU MRI (odds ratio = 1.74; p< 0.01), and more cancer-positive cores on initial biopsy (odds ratio = 1.25; p= 0.03) were independent predictors of recurrence. Conclusion: Albeit with low sensitivity, high suspicion on post-HIFU MRI may be clinically important because of its high specificity, especially when considering the possibility of sampling error in biopsies. Patients with a high number of cancer-positive cores at diagnosis should avoid HIFU as they have an increased risk of recurrence.

To validate the diagnostic yield of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for local biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with biochemical recurrence using large consecutive patient data.

Adrenal nodules that were detected at staging CT in patients with otherwise resectable gastric cancers were rarely malignant.

Biparametric (bp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be an alternative MRI for the detection of the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

The application of nanoparticles in cancer treatment allows precise tumor treatment by enhancing drug delivery to the tumor area. To overcome limitations in the drug delivery system, we report carbon‐based nanospheres (CSs) that have high drug loading capacity as well as anti‐cancer effects. Monodisperse and size‐tunable (170–583 nm) CSs with excellent surface area up to 2619 m2/g provided high drug loading capacity in four different types of drugs (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel), and demonstrated strong anti‐cancer effects against MDA‐MB‐231 human breast carcinoma cells. Carbon nanospheres utilized as efficient drug‐delivery vesicles in breast cencer cell.

This article aims to evaluate the pooled diagnostic performance control MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

We aimed to compare the complications and pathological outcomes between systematic 12-core transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB) and magnetic resonance imaging-TRUS fusion targeted prostate biopsy (MRI-TRUS FTPB). We examined 10,901 patients who underwent prostate biopsy from May 2003 to December 2017 retrospectively. Among them, 10,325 patients underwent 12-core TRUS-PB and 576 patients underwent MRI-TRUS FTPB. The clinicopathological features and complications in both groups were compared. After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in the clinical features and complication rates between both groups (P > .05). In the multivariate analyses, the prostate volume was shown to be the only significant predictor of overall complications, infectious complications, bleeding related complications, and Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 2 complications after prostate biopsy (P < .001). The present study demonstrates the safety of MRI-TRUS FTPB in terms of complications, compared with that of TRUS-PB. Although the combination of MRI-TRUS FTPB and 12-core TRUS-PB provides enhanced diagnostic power, MRI-TRUS FGB alone could provide a reasonable diagnostic value for prostate cancer if the apparent diffusion coefficient suspicious grade of prostate cancer is ≥4. When the Likert suspicious grade of prostate cancer on the apparent diffusion coefficient map of multiparametric MRI was 3, 13.9% (27/194) of the patients were diagnosed with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa); 44.4% (12/27) of them were confirmed as csPCa at the MRI-targeted cores. When the apparent diffusion coefficient suspicious grade was ≥4, 43.0% (108/251) were diagnosed with csPCa; 76.8% (83/108) of them were confirmed to have csPCa at the MRI-targeted cores.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of elastography in evaluating focal lesions detected by transrectal sonography and to suggest a reference strain index. Sixty‐nine patients with focal lesions on transrectal sonography were referred to our department for prostate biopsy. Focal lesions were classified as either highly or less suspicious lesions by our criteria. A strain index from elastography was calculated for the focal lesions. Systematic 12‐core randomized biopsies plus 2 targeted biopsies were performed. The mean strain indices for malignant and benign focal lesions were compared, and a cutoff strain index was attained to maximize the sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer. Strain indices were correlated with Gleason scores. The mean strain index ± SD for malignant focal lesions (3.26 ± 1.77) was significantly higher than that for benign focal lesions (2.16 ± 1.52; P= .008). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing cancer were 66.7%, 71.1%, and 0.701, respectively, at a strain index cutoff value of greater than 2.4. The strain index showed a moderate linear correlation with the Gleason score (r= 0.441; P= .013). Any focal lesion on transrectal sonography with a strain index of greater than 2.4 is at risk for prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of T1/T2-weighted imaging (T1/T2WI) registration to reduce the postbiopsy hemorrhage effect for prostate cancer localization on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Differentiating significant cancer from insignificant cancer is a major challenge in active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. We evaluated whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) grade from 3-T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is useful to exclude men with unfavorable pathological features from men meeting current AS eligibility criteria.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in men. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy has a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, it shows limited value with gray-scale ultrasound alone because only a small number of malignancies are visible on TRUS. Recently, new emerging technologies in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced and showed high potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. High echogenicity of ultrasound contrast agent reflect the increased status of angiogenesis in tumor. Molecular imaging for targeting specific biomarker can be also used using ultrasound contrast agent for detecting angiogenesis or surface biomarker of prostate cancer. The combination of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy and ultrasound contrast agents can increase the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. Elastography is an emerging ultrasound technique that can provide the information regarding tissue elasticity and stiffness. Tumors are usually stiffer than the surrounding soft tissue. In two types of elastography techniques, shearwave elastography has many potential in that it can provide quantitative information on tissue elasticity. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from high resolution morphologic and functional magnetic resonance (MR) technique enables to detect more prostate cancers. The combination of functional techniques including apparent diffusion coefficient map from diffusion weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced MR and MR spectroscopy are helpful in the localization of the prostate cancer. MR-ultrasound (US) fusion image can enhance the advantages of both two modalities. With MR-US fusion image, targeted biopsy of suspicious areas on MRI is possible and fusion image guided biopsy can provide improved detection rate. In conclusion, with recent advances in multiparametric-MRI, and introduction of new US techniques such as contrast-enhanced US and elastography, TRUS-guided biopsy may evolve toward targeted biopsies rather than systematic biopsy for getting information reflecting the exact status of the prostate.

Positron emission tomography (PET) using different positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals has emerged as a promising new metabolic diagnostic tool for the evaluation of a variety of malignant diseases. Thus, we investigated the diagnostic efficacy of F-18-Fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the detection and localization of tumors within the prostate with the correlating histopathology as the standard of reference.

Theoretically, the degree of contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance (MR) is affected by magnetic field strength. The authors conducted this study to compare the degree of MR contrast enhancement between 0.5 Tesla (T) and 2.0 T in VX2 carcinomas of rabbits.

The frequency of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is higher than that of general population. To evaluate CT findings of lung cancer associated with IPF, we analyzed 32 patients with lung cancer associated with IPF.