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The analytic correlation rule of Gershtein and Krivchenkov between states in the united atom and separated atom limits for one‐electron diatomic molecule is extended to diatomic molecules with more than one electron for diabatic screened molecular orbitals, which are solutions of the Hartree‐like Schrödinger equation that is separable in prolate spheroidal coordinates. The rule is interpreted with the WKB method.

Correlations between states in the united atom and separated atoms limits in HeH+are studied using the diabatic screened molecular orbitals, which are solutions of the Hartree‐like Schrödinger equation that is separable in prolate spheroidal coordinates. A method of vanishing orbital analysis is formulated to interpret the variation in nodal structures in the calculated diabatic orbitals as a function of nuclear separation. The concept of quasi‐homonuclear diatomic molecules is introduced to classify the bonding types and estimate the degree of promotion of Rydberg series in HeH+.

Fuel consumption in fisheries is a primary concern because of its effects on the environment and the costs incurred by fishermen. Many studies have been conducted to reduce the fuel consumption in fishing operations. Fuel consumption due to fishing gear during a fishing operation is generally related to the hydrodynamic resistance on the gear. This means that fuel consumption is proportional to the drag created by the towing speed. Based on numerical methods, this study suggests a new approach to reduce fuel consumption in fisheries. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of model experiments. The total as well as partial resistance forces on the gear are calculated by simulation. The simulation results suggest improved materials and gear structure for reducing the hydrodynamic forces on the gear while maintaining gear performance. The method for assessing the gear performance involves measuring the height and width of the net mouth. Furthermore, this study investigates the efficiency of a low-energy trawl from an economic point of view. The findings of this study will be useful in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in fishing operations, and thereby contribute toward lowering fishing costs by saving fuel.

We studied the interactions of CO 2with ice films prepared in either a neutral or basic condition, with emphasis on the examination of feasibility for the reaction between CO 2and hydroxide ion present at the ice surfaces. To this end, Cs +reactive ion scattering (RIS) and low-energy sputtering (LES) techniques were used to scrutinize the chemical species present at the surfaces, in conjunction with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to monitor the desorbing species. Ice films were grown in a nonporous amorphous phase or a crystalline phase. Excess hydroxide ions were added onto the ice film surfaces by the hydrolysis of Na atoms. TPD experiments showed that CO 2molecules desorbed from the ice film surfaces before the onset of water sublimation near 140 K, regardless of the presence or absence of excess hydroxide ions. CO 2adsorption did not produce CO 2−water complexes nor hydrolysis products on both film surfaces in the temperature range 80−180 K. The nonreactivity of CO 2toward hydroxide ion at the ice surface contrasts with facile occurrence of the reaction between CO 2and hydroxide ion in the gas phase and liquid water. It is suggested that the unique structure of hydroxide ions at ice surfaces with efficient hydrogen bonding to water molecules suppresses their reactivity toward CO 2. The OH −reactivity may also be affected by the presence of neighboring Na +ions.

The influence of sustaining pulse-width on electro-luminous efficiency has been experimentally investigated for the surface discharge of AC plasma display panels. A square driving voltage pulse with a variable duty ratio and a fixed rise time of 300 ns has been used in this experiment. It is found that the firing voltage decreases as the sustaining pulse-width increases from 2 µs to 8 µs under a given driving frequency, and also decreases as the frequency increases from 10 kHz to 50 kHz. The memory coefficient is found to be significantly increased from 0.16 to 0.71, as the sustaining pulse-width increases from 3 µs to 4 µs, beyond which it maintains a nearly constant value of approximately 0.8 for the driving frequency range from 30 kHz to 50 kHz. The optimal sustaining pulse-width is shown to be in the range of 3 µs and 4 µs for driving frequencies of 30 kHz and 50 kHz, based on the observations of memory coefficient, wall charge, wall voltage and luminous efficiency.

The transition of space charge to wall charge after self-discharge has been experimentally tested in an AC-plasma display panel (PDP) with a versatile driving simulator (VDS) system, in which arbitrary driving waveforms and sequences can be used. When the self-discharge occurs immediately after a high voltage reset pulse is applied, a certain amount of space charge is generated in the PDP cell. By applying a suitable control pulse at this time, it is found that these space charges can be converted into sufficient wall charges for maintaining a sustain discharge without any writing pulse. Also, the saturated sustain peak current strongly depended on the control pulse condition in spite of the same sustain waveform. This means that the influence of the initial wall charge which was formed prior to the sustain period is continuously maintained throughout the sustain period.

The influence of the driving frequency on the wall charge and voltage is experimentally investigated for the surface discharge of AC plasma display panels. A square pulse with a rising time of 150 ns and a duty ratio of 40% was used in the experiment. It is found that the capacitance C0of the surface discharge in a gas-filled region is almost constant and is 0.3 pF/cell, whereas the capacitance Cgin the dielectric region is significantly decreased from 7.5 pF/cell to 0.8 pF/cell, as the driving frequency is increased from 10 kHz to 200 kHz. It is also found that both the wall charge and the wall voltage decrease from 34.5 pC/cell to 15.6 pC/cell and from 104.4 V to 76.5 V, respectively, as the driving frequency increases from 10 kHz to 200 kHz.