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In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity on two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and Saos2) of oleuropein, an olive oil compound traditionally found in the Mediterranean diet. Oleuropein exhibited obvious cytotoxic effects on human osteosarcoma cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Statistical analysis of IC50by the Probit regression method suggested that oleuropein had similar toxic effects on both cell lines tested (IC50range from 247.4–475.0 μM for MG63 cells and from 798.7–359.9 μM for Saos2 cells).