Search

Eight compounds, including 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3(1), Ginsenoside Rd (2), ginsenosides Rg2(3), ginsenosides Re (4), β‐sitosterol (5), daucosterol (6), stigmasterol (7), and stigmasterol‐3‐O‐β‐glucoside (8) were isolated from the Panax ginsengsprouts cultivated in Vietnam. Their structures were elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopic techniques and compared with the previous publication. In addition, their inhibitory activity on NO production and cytotoxic effects against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293A) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) were evaluated. This is the first study of the phytochemical investigation of P. ginsengsprouts cultivated in Vietnam and ginseng sprouts also contained the same main active ginsenosides as in the 4–6‐year old roots.

This paper proposes a new current slope control to reduce the current peak in a dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. It detects the current slope at two specific points in the DAB converter current and uses the current slope ratio as the control command value. We propose a periodic filter method to reduce CPU load and prevent noise and phase delay by implementing high-speed sampling using DSP’s DMA (Direct Memory Access) function. The proposed method is based on SPS (Single Phase Shift) modulation rather than the conventional complex control method. It maintains the phase difference of the voltage across the DAB converter to be minimized. Therefore, since the generation of circulating current is suppressed, reactive power is reduced, efficiency is improved, and the current peak is reduced, thereby decreasing switch conduction loss and the core size of the magnetic component. The proposed current slope control method is applied to a dc-to-dc converter composed of a DAB converter and a non-isolated converter. We verify technical feasibility and excellence through simulations and experiments.

This paper proposes a generalized Firefly Algorithm (FA) to solve an optimization framework having objective function and constraints as multivariate functions of independent optimization variables. Four representative examples of how the proposed generalized FA can be adopted to solve downlink beamforming problems are shown for a classic transmit beamforming, cognitive beamforming, reconfigurable-intelligent-surfaces-aided (RIS-aided) transmit beamforming, and RIS-aided wireless power transfer (WPT). Complexity analyzes indicate that in large-antenna regimes the proposed FA approaches require less computational complexity than their corresponding interior point methods (IPMs) do, yet demand a higher complexity than the iterative and the successive convex approximation (SCA) approaches do. Simulation results reveal that the proposed FA attains the same global optimal solution as that of the IPM for an optimization problem in cognitive beamforming. On the other hand, the proposed FA approaches outperform the iterative, IPM and SCA in terms of obtaining better solution for optimization problems, respectively, for a classic transmit beamforming, RIS-aided transmit beamforming and RIS-aided WPT.

Magnetic drug targeting has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of drug delivery. Recent developments in real-time monitoring techniques have enabled the guidance of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the vascular network. Despite recent developments in magnetic navigation, no comprehensive strategy for swarm of nanoparticles steering under fluid flow exists. This paper introduces a strategy for MNPs steering in a vascular network under fluid flow. In the proposed scheme, the swarm of nanoparticles are initially guided to an area that guarantees their successful guidance towards a desired direction (called safe zone) using an asymmetrical field function to handle swarm of nanoparticles. Then, a transporter field function is used to transfer the particles between the safe zones, and finally a sustainer field function is used to keep the particles within the safe zone. A steering algorithm is proposed to enhance the targeting performance in the multi-bifurcation vessel. Utilizing the proposed concept, a high success rate for targeting is achieved in simulations, which demonstrates the potential and limitations of swarm of nanoparticles steering under fluid flow.

Although use of thromboelastography (TEG) to diagnose coagulopathy and guide clinical decision-making is increasing, relative performance of different TEG methods has not been well-defined. Rapid-TEG (rTEG), kaolin-TEG (kTEG), and native-TEG (nTEG) were performed on blood samples from burn patients presenting to a regional center from admission to 21 days. Patients were categorized by burn severity, mortality, and fibrinolytic phenotypes (Shutdown [SD], Physiologic [PHYS], and Hyperfibrinolytic [HF]). Manufacturer ranges and published TEG cutoffs were examined. Concordance correlations (Rc) of TEG parameters (R, α-angle, maximum amplitude [MA], LY30) measured agreement and Cohen’s Kappa (κ) determined interclass reliability. Patients (n= 121) were mostly male (n= 84; 69.4%), with median age 40 years, median TBSA burn 13%, and mortality 17% (n= 21). Severe burns (≥40% TBSA) were associated with lower admission α-angle for rTEG (P= .03) and lower MA for rTEG (P= .02) and kTEG (P= .01). MA was lower in patients who died (nTEG, P= .04; kTEG, P= .02; rTEG, P= .003). Admission HF was associated with increased mortality (OR, 10.45; 95% CI, 2.54–43.31, P= .001) on rTEG only. Delayed SD was associated with mortality using rTEG and nTEG (OR 9.46; 95% CI, 1.96–45.73; P= .005 and OR, 6.91; 95% CI, 1.35–35.48; P= .02). Admission TEGs showed poor agreement on R-time (Rc, 0.00–0.56) and α-angle (0.40 to 0.55), and moderate agreement on MA (0.67–0.81) and LY30 (0.72–0.93). Interclass reliability was lowest for R-time (κ, −0.07 to 0.01) and α-angle (−0.06 to 0.17) and highest for MA (0.22-0.51) and LY30 (0.29-0.49). Choice of TEG method may impact clinical decision-making. rTEG appeared most sensitive in parameter-specific associations with injury severity, abnormal fibrinolysis, and mortality.

This article proposes an elegant optimization framework consisting of a mix of linear-matrix-inequality and second-order-cone constraints. The proposed framework generalizes the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) enabled solution to the typical transmit beamforming problems presented in the form of quadratically constrained quadratic programs (QCQPs) in the literature. It is proved that the optimization problems subsumed under the framework always admit a rank-one optimal solution when they are feasible and their optimal solutions are not trivial. This finding indicates that the relaxation is tight as the optimal solution of the original beamforming QCQP can be straightforwardly obtained from that of the SDR counterpart without any loss of optimality. Four representative examples of transmit beamforming, i.e., transmit beamforming with perfect channel state information (CSI), transmit beamforming with imperfect CSI, chance-constraint approach for imperfect CSI, and reconfigurable-intelligent-surface (RIS) aided beamforming, are shown to demonstrate how the proposed optimization framework can be realized in deriving the SDR counterparts for different beamforming designs.

We developed a theoretical model with two separate components for the description of the static permittivity of aqueous electrolytes versus concentration and temperature. The first component is due to the water molecular polarization, whereas the second component is governed by the ionic polarization. We found that the permittivity part due to the ionic polarization effect is comparable to that come from the water molecule polarization for aqueous electrolytes at ambient temperatures. The microdynamic mechanism of the phenomenon, which the static permittivity of sodium chloride aqueous solution with concentration of 2.8 mol/L holds constant with the change of temperature, is clarified. The equilibrium compensation between the decrement of the permittivity part due to the water molecular polarization and the increase of that originated from the ionic polarization as increasing temperature is responsible for this phenomenon. The dipole moment reduction of water molecules as rising temperature is also confirmed by the model.

Inhalation injury is diagnosed in up to one-third of burn patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There are multiple scoring systems to grade inhalation injury, but no study has evaluated the ability of these scoring systems to predict outcomes of interest such as overall survival. We conducted a prospective, observational study of 99 intubated burn patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 24 hr of admission and graded inhalation injury using three scoring systems: abbreviated injury score (AIS), inhalation injury severity score (I-ISS), and mucosal score (MS). Agreement between scoring systems was assessed with Krippendorff’s alpha (KA). Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine if variables were associated with overall survival. At admission, median AIS, I-ISS, and MS scores were 2 for all scoring systems. Patients who died had higher overall injury burden than those who survived and had similar median admission AIS and MS scores, but higher I-ISS scores. There was strong correlation between the inhalation injury grade at admission using the three scoring systems (KA = 0.85). On regression analysis, the only scoring system independently associated with overall survival was I-ISS (score 3 compared to scores 1–2: OR 13.16, 95% CI 1.65–105.07; P= .02). Progression of injury after initial assessment may contribute to the poor correlation between admission score and overall survival for injuries graded with AIS and MS. Repeated assessment may more accurately identify patients at increased risk for mortality.

This work focuses on providing the physiological basis underlying the limitations of using the shock index as a monitoring tool for the assessment of the clinical status and outcome of patients suffering from hemorrhagic injuries.

Eight compounds, including 11β,13‐dihydrovernolide (1), apigenin (2), kaempferol (3), quercetin 3‐O‐methyl ether (4), quercetin (5), syringaresinol‐β‐ᴅ‐glucoside (6), 3‐hydroxy‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐[4‐(3‐hydroxy‐1‐(E)‐propenyl)‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl‐β‐ᴅ‐glucopyranoside (7), and 5‐(methoxymethyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde (8) were isolated from the aerial part of Vernonia gratiosa. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR experiments along with the comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on α‐glucosidase and xanthine oxidase. Among them, only compound 7showed the significant inhibition of α‐glucosidase with an IC50value of 47.08 ± 3.98 μg/mL and xanthine oxidase activity with an IC50value of 26.92 ± 1.04 μg/mL. Compounds 1‐5were firstly isolated from V. gratiosa, while compounds 6‐8were reported from the genus for the first time. This is the first study about this species growing in Vietnam.

Essential oils of the leaves and twigs of the Podocarpaceae plants Nageia wallichiana(C. Presl) Kuntze and Podocarpus pilgeriFoxw growing in Vietnam were first extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC/MS-FID (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-flame ionization detection). α-Pinene (39.75–53.55%) and germacrene D (22.28–25.72%) were represented as two major compounds in essential oils of N. wallichianaleaves and stems. P. pilgerileaf oil was characterized by the presence of major compounds α-pinene (17.00%), totarene (13.59%), pimara-8,15-diene (13.46%), β-caryophyllene (12.16%), and isopimara-8(14),15-diene (11.48%), while β-caryophyllene (16.27%) and α-pinene (11.00%) were the major compounds in its stem oil. Among Nageiaplants, essential oil of N. wallichianacan be seen as a rich resource of α-pinene, whereas in genus Podocarpus, two major diterpenes, pimara-8,15-diene and isopimara-8(14),15-diene, were only found in P. pilgeri, to date. In antimicrobial assay, N. wallichianaleaf oil was active against Bacillus subtilisand Pseudomonas aeruginosawith the MIC value of 50 µg/mL, as well as its stem oil possessed the same MIC value toward B. subtilis. Both the leaf and stem oils of P. pilgeriinhibited the growth of yeast Candida albicanswith the same MIC value of 50 µg/mL.

The analysis of PFAS in wastewater treatment sludges and biosolids is an evolving practice for which a widely recognized standard method does not currently exist. While a number of analytical techniques have been reported in the literature, individual methods were found to not be broadly applicable over a range of sludge/biosolid matrices. This study critically examined the method employed to clean up biosolid extracts prior to LC-MS/MS analysis, which was determined to be crucial to obtaining acceptable chromatogram quality and recoveries of a range of PFAS and associated surrogates. When ENVI-Carb was employed alone or in combination with WAX, as described in US EPA Draft Method 1633, precipitates were formed when methanolic extracts were reconstituted with water, preventing direct analysis by LC-MS/MS. Centrifugation and filtration of reconstituted extracts to remove precipitates did not sufficiently eliminate interferences to allow PFAS quantification. The use of blends of adsorbents (ENVI-Carb, PSA, C18) with different adsorptive properties that could remove a broader range of interfering substances was evaluated. A blend consisting of 1000 mg ENVI-Carb, 500 mg PSA and 500 mg C18 was found to effectively eliminate background interference while providing an optimal trade-off between chromatogram quality and PFAS recovery. When integrated into the overall analytical method, the recoveries of PFAS were between 40% and 160% except for some precursors when six different biosolids were analyzed. The cleanup method developed in this study has the potential to facilitate the analysis of PFAS in a broad range of sludge and biosolid matrices.

Phytochemical investigation applying GC (gas chromatography)-MS (mass spectrometry)/GC-FID (flame ionization detection) on the hydro-distilled essential oils of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Uvaria bonianaleaf and twig lead to the detection of 35 constituents (97.36%) in the leaf oil and 52 constituents (98.75%) in the twig oil. Monoterpenes, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoids were characteristic of U. bonianaessential oils. The leaf oil was represented by major components (E)-caryophyllene (16.90%), bicyclogermacrene (15.95%), α-humulene (14.96%), and linalool (12.40%), whereas four compounds α-cadinol (16.16%), epi-α-muurolol (10.19%), α-pinene (11.01%), and β-pinene (8.08%) were the main ones in the twig oil. As compared with the leaf oil, the twig oil was better in antimicrobial activity. With the same MIC value of 40 mg/mL, the twig oil successfully controlled the growth of Gram (+) bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Gram (−) bacterium Escherichia coli, fungus Aspergillus niger, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, both two oil samples have induced antiinflammatory activity with the IC50values of 223.7–240.6 mg/mL in NO productive inhibition when BV2 cells had been stimulated by LPS. Docking simulations of four major compounds of U. bonianatwig oil on eight relevant antibacterial targets revealed that epi-α-muurolol and α-cadinol are moderate inhibitors of E. coliDNA gyrase subunit B, penicillin binding protein 2X and penicillin binding protein 3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosawith similar free binding energies of −30.1, −29.3, and −29.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, in silicoADMET studies indicated that all four docked compounds have acceptable oral absorption, low metabolism, and appropriated toxicological profile to be considered further as drug candidates.

A 32-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea on exertion for 2 months. Dyspnea occurred in both inspiration and expiration with an associated wheeze that was more pronounced with exertion. He had no other medical history or allergies. The patient was a current one-pack-a-day smoker for the past 5 years. He denied any close personal contact or recent exposure to any patients with active TB. He denied any current symptoms of chest pain, cough, fever, or changes in weight. On a prior admission for similar symptoms, the patient had been diagnosed with asthma and treated with an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist with no change or improvement in symptoms.

Burn injury is associated with endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy and concomitant inhalation injury (IHI) increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of this work is to identify associations between IHI, coagulation homeostasis, vascular endothelium, and clinical outcomes in burn patients. One hundred and twelve patients presenting to a regional burn center were included in this retrospective cohort study. Whole blood was collected at set intervals from admission through 24 hours and underwent viscoelastic assay with rapid thromboelastography (rTEG). Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) on admission was quantified by ELISA. Patients were grouped by the presence (n= 28) or absence (n= 84) of concomitant IHI and rTEG parameters, fibrinolytic phenotypes, SDC-1, and clinical outcomes were compared. Of the 112 thermally injured patients, 28 (25%) had IHI. Most patients were male (68.8%) with a median age of 40 (interquartile range, 29–57) years. Patients with IHI had higher overall mortality (42.68% vs 8.3%; P< .0001). rTEG LY30 was lower in patients with IHI at hours 4 and 12 (P< .05). There was a pattern of increased abnormal fibrinolytic phenotypes among IHI patients. There was a greater proportion of IHI patients with endotheliopathy (SDC-1 > 34 ng/ml) (64.7% vs 26.4%; P= .008). There was a pattern of increased mortality among patients with IHI and endotheliopathy (0% vs 72.7%; P= .004). Significant differences between patients with and without IHI were found in measures assessing fibrinolytic potential and endotheliopathy. Mortality was associated with abnormal fibrinolysis, endotheliopathy, and IHI. However, the extent to which IHI-associated dysfunction is independent of TBSA burn size remains to be elucidated.

The degree excess function 𝜖(I; n) is the difference between the maximal generating degree d(In) of the n-th power of a homogeneous ideal Iof a polynomial ring and p(I)n, where p(I) is the leading coefficient of the asymptotically linear function d(In). It is shown that any non-increasing numerical function can be realized as a degree excess function, and there is a monomial ideal Iwhose 𝜖(I; n) has exactly a given number of local maxima. In the case of monomial ideals, an upper bound on 𝜖(I; n) is provided. As an application, it is shown that in the worst case, the so-called stability index of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of a monomial ideal Imust be at least an exponential function of the number of variables.

Background People living with HIV who use drugs (PLHWUD) face enormous challenges to access antiretroviral therapy (ART), addiction treatment, and other healthcare services. This study evaluated the effect of a community capacity-building approach on PLHWUD’s access to healthcare services.Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in four provinces of Vietnam. Trained commune health workers in the intervention condition were encouraged to provide services to PLHWUD in the community and engage them in HIV/addiction treatment and care using learned knowledge and skills. A total of 241 PLHWUD participated in surveys at the baseline and every three months for one year. The primary outcome was PLHWUD’s reported barriers to seeking healthcare. A linear mixed-effects regression model with a difference in difference approach was used to estimate the intervention effect on the primary outcome.Results Adjusted analyses indicated that significant intervention effects were observed at the Sixth and ninth month follow-ups for those on ART at the baseline and increased motivation to engage in treatment at the 3-month follow-up (60.2% vs 34.4% for the intervention and control groups, respectively).Conclusions The community capacity-building intervention had shown promising yet limited outcomes among a subset of PLHWUD in the community, that is, PLHWUD who had already initiated ART.

AbstractThis research aims to identify the volatile compounds from rhizomes and leaves of Newmania sontraensis.The constituents of essential oil from the rhizomes and leaves of N. sontraensiswere analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-one compounds were identified in the rhizomes compared to the leaves which showed thirty-two volatile compounds corresponding to 83.28 % and 76.41 % of the oil content, respectively. The chemical composition of the rhizome oil was characterized by hydrocarbon monoterpenes accounting for 36.26 %. The major compounds found in the rhizome oil included β-pinene (22.41%), 1,8-cineole (8.32 %), bicyclogermacrene (6.94 %), α-terpinyl acetate (5.74 %), α-pinene (5.71 %), and camphene (5.58 %). Meanwhile, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main compounds found in the leaf oil accounting for 54.18 %. Bicyclogermacrene (14.60 %), δ-elemene (9.89 %), β-elemene (7.26 %), and α-terpinyl acetate (4.27 %) were determined to be the main components found in leaf oil. This was the first report on the chemical constituents of essential oils from rhizomes and leaves of N. sontraensis.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) and RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) have set new state-of-the-art performance on paraphrase quality measurement. However, their main focus is on semantic similarity and lack the lexical diversity between two sentences. LexDivPara (Thieu et al., 2022) introduced a method that combines semantic similarity and lexical diversity, but the method is dependent on a human-provided semantic score to enhance its overall performance. In this work, we present ParKQ(Paraphrase ranKing Quality), a fully automatic method for measuring the holistic quality of sentential paraphrases. We create a semantic similarity ensemble model by combining the most popular adaptation of the pre-trained BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) network: BLEURT (Sellam et al., 2020), BERTSCORE (Zhang et al., 2020) and Sentence-BERT (Reimers et al., 2019). Then we build paraphrase quality learning-to-rank models with XGBoost (Chen et al., 2016) and TFranking (Pasumarthi et al., 2019) by combining the ensemble semantic score with lexical features including edit distance, BLEU, and ROUGE. To analyze and evaluate the intricate paraphrase quality measure, we create a gold-standard dataset using expert linguistic coding. The gold-standard annotation comprises four linguistic scores (semantic, lexical, grammatical, overall) and spans across three heterogeneous datasets commonly used to benchmark paraphrasing tasks: STS Benchmark,11https://ixa2.si.ehu.eus/stswiki/index.php/STSbenchmark.ParaBank Evaluation22https://github.com/decompositional-semantics-initiative/ParaBank-Eval-Data.and MSR corpus.33https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52398.Our ParKQmodels demonstrate robust correlation with all linguistic scores, making it the first practical tool for measuring the holistic quality (semantic similarity + lexical diversity) of sentential paraphrases. In evaluation, we compare our models against contemporary methods with the ability to generate holistic quality scores for paraphrases including LexDivPara, ParaScore, and the emergent ChatGPT.

Polyalthia thorelii(Pierre) Fin. ex Gagnep. has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of stomachache. The present study describes the isolation and structural elucidation of five compounds from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of P. thorelii. Their structures were identified as: grasshoper ketone (1), ampelopsisionoside (2), (6S,9S)‐roseoside (3), quercetin‐3‐rutinoside (4), and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5)by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the data reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1and 3were isolated from genus Polyalthiaand remain compounds were isolated from P. thoreliifor the first time.

This paper proposes a smart system of virus detection that can classify a file as benign or malware with high accuracy detection rate. The approach is based on the aspects of the artificial immune system, in which an artificial immune network is used as a pool to create and develop virus detectors that can detect unknown data. Besides, a deep learning model is also used as the main classifier because of its advantages in binary classification problems. This method can achieve a detection rate of 99.08% on average, with a very low false positive rate.

Taking into account imperfect channel state information, this letter formulates and solves a joint active/passive beamforming optimization problem in multiple-input single-output systems with the support of an intelligent reflecting surface. In particular, we introduce an optimization problem to minimize the total transmit power subject to maintaining the users’ signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio coverage probability above a predefined target. Due to the presence of probabilistic constraints, the proposed optimization problem is non-convex. To circumvent this issue, we first recast the proposed problem in a convex form by adopting the Bernstein-type inequality, and we then introduce a converging alternating optimization approach to iteratively find the active/passive beamforming vectors. In particular, the transformed robust optimization problem can be effectively solved by using standard interior-point methods. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of jointly optimizing the active/passive beamforming vectors.

Iron immobilized on supports such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide, and zeolite can activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into strong oxidants. However, the role of the support and the nature of the oxidants produced in this process remain elusive. This study investigated the activation of H2O2by a TiO2-supported catalyst (FeTi-ox). Characterizing the catalyst surface in situ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), revealed that the interaction between H2O2and the TiO2phase played a key role in the H2O2activation. This interaction generated a stable peroxo–titania ≡Fe(III)–Ti–OOH complex, which reacted further with H2O to produce a surface oxidant, likely ≡Fe[IV] ═ O2+. The oxidant effectively degraded acetaminophen, even in the presence of chloride, bicarbonate, and organic matter. Unexpectedly, contaminant oxidation continued after the H2O2in the solution was depleted, owing to the decomposition of ≡Fe(III)–Ti–OOH by water. In addition, the FeTi-ox catalyst effectively degraded acetaminophen over five testing cycles. Overall, new insights gained in this study may provide a basis for designing more effective catalysts for H2O2activation.

A 69-year-old man consulted for a 3-day history of fever, wet cough, and yellow-green phlegm. He denied having any dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, swallowing disorders, choke, chills, asthenia, anorexia, or weight loss. He reported a continuous dry cough and three episodes of pneumonia in the past 4 years. He was a nonsmoker, without any other personal or familial medical history. He had no known professional exposure. He was born and lived in Vietnam but had no known contact with TB in his family or workplace. He was never imprisoned or homeless and did never travel abroad.

Background: It remains controversial if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) is superior to MTE alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. We aim to compare functional outcomes, mortality, reperfusion, and intracranial hemorrhage rates in bridging therapy (IVT prior thrombectomy) and MTE alone groups within 6 h from symptom onset.Materials and Methods: Consecutive hospitalized patients (September 2017 and July 2018) with acute large artery occlusion within the anterior cerebral circulation eligible for MTE with or without prior IVT were included. A modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 was considered as good functional outcome at 90 days. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale of 2b to 3.Results: Of the 124 patients included, 56 (45.2%) received bridging therapy and 68 (54.8%) received MTE alone. Patients receiving bridging therapy were younger (median, 56 vs 63, P= .045) and had shorter onset-to-groin time (median, 270 vs 370 min, P< .001) than those receiving MTE alone. Successful reperfusion rate was significantly greater in the bridging therapy group (87.5% vs 72.1%, P= 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in functional independence (bridging 58.9% vs 75.0%, P= 0.07), mortality at 90 days (bridging 14.3% vs 7.4%, P= 0.22), parenchymal hematoma type 2 (bridging 3.6% vs 2.9%, P> .99), and any hemorrhage (bridging 42.3% vs 26.5%, P= 0.07).Conclusion: Compared to MTE alone, bridging therapy with IVT improved the reperfusion rate but not other outcomes. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.

In this article, four secosteroids, including physalin B (1), physalin D (2), physalin F (3), and physalin G (4) were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of P. angulatagrowing in Thai Binh, Vietnam by using various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were determined by analyses of 1D and 2D‐NMR spectral data as well as comparison with those published in the literature. Anti‐microbial assays showed that compounds 1‐3exhibited anti‐microbial against a panel of clinically significant microorganisms with MIC values from 32 to 128 μg/mL.

Noncentrosymmetric monolayers (MLs) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and their 3R-type vertical stacks provide an ideal platform for studying atomic-scale nonlinear light–matter interaction in terms of second harmonic generation (SHG). Unlike the case of MLs, SHG from artificial stacks can be nontrivially affected by interlayer coupling and band offset between the constituent MLs, where the latter occurs for band-gap-engineered vertical heterostructures (VHs). In order to study these effects, we produced different sets of 3R-type homobilayers (homo-BLs) and heterobilayers (hetero-BLs) composed of MoS2and its ternary alloy MoS2(1–x)Se2x. We first investigated the impact of interlayer coupling on the SHG response across the A- and B-exciton resonances in the MoS2homo-BLs. The coupling strength was varied by preparing (i) decoupled BLs (SiO2intercalated), (ii) weakly coupled BLs (dry transferred), and (iii) strongly coupled BLs (postannealed) and monitored by photoluminescence, Raman, and reflectance difference spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Unlike the decoupled BL, SHG in the coupled BLs cannot be explained by the simple square law in thickness due to coupling-induced band modification. The impact of exciton-resonance offset on SHG was also investigated in the hetero-BLs by controlling the Se concentration in MoS2xSe2(x–1). Although these VHs can significantly broaden the spectral range for efficient SHG by vertically superposing distinct resonances of the constituent MLs, coherent reinforcement of SHG cannot be achieved basically because of the π/2 phase difference between the on-resonance SHG field in one ML and the off-resonance SHG field in the other ML. Upon postannealing, however, the overlapping resonance regime exhibited unexpectedly high SHG enhancement. This may arise from the formation of the strong resonance when the VHs approach ideal 3R-type hetero-BLs. Our approach may be utilized for fully exploiting the TMDC VHs for highly efficient broadband SHG applications.