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Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ceratonia siliqua L. belonging to the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family, has been cultivated for millennia and is recognized as a valuable botanical resource. However, global production of this tree is rapidly declining. This paper aims to examine the primary uses of carob trees and highlight their value in the landscape by developing a systematic review of Scopus documents from 1980 to 2023. The resulting 2130 documents revealed that the main studied uses of carob trees are in human medicine and food. Additionally, 3.85% of these documents studied the landscape value of carob trees, emphasizing their role in improving landscape resilience, preserving rural identities, and fostering the development of geo-specific strategies for slow tourism. This systematic review underscores the multifaceted importance of Ceratonia siliqua L. in both cultural and environmental contexts, advocating for its preservation and sustainable use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term contributions of agroforestry to landscape restoration should be carefully managed. Agroforestry began as early as 1977, meanwhile, landscape restoration, gained traction after the 2011 Bonn Challenge. Since missing the 2020 Bonn Challenge targets, there's urgency to hit 2030 ambitions and secure the gains later. We use here, the participatory domestication of Irvingia wombolu, as an agroforestry pathway to mosaic landscape restoration. This paper describes the transfer of planting materials of this species between two agroecological regions of Cameroon. Over a twenty-year period; 2003 to 2023. we analyze the steps; reflections; performance of the transferred materials; and mixed fortunes they brought to beneficiary communities. A number of lessons emerge for agroforestry and landscape restoration practices; (i) there is need for future technical and social safeguarding, to support vulnerable segments of beneficiary communities; (ii) the cost of safeguarding should be anticipated; (iii) as the 'decade of restoration', looms models are necessary to anticipate the future; (iv) user-friendly models of ecosystem services of agroforestry systems are needed to leverage private sector funding; and (v) a 'maintenance mentality' and mechanism for restored landscapes, need to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though infrequently used and largely superfluous, amphitheaters were often the most physically imposing and ideologically charged structures in a Roman city. The preponderance of extramural amphitheaters in Italy and their appearance in visual culture confirm they were potent markers of urban life and civic status. This paper contextualizes Tibur's imperial amphitheater within the Roman suburbium's persistent urban sprawl and villas, especially Hadrian's Villa, using a novel GIS visibility analysis. Its apparent size from various points in the surrounding landscape is quantified within empirical and qualitative scales developed for modern visual impact assessments. The results demonstrate the amphitheater's suburban location did more than integrate Tibur's extramural growth into the older urban center. It emphasized the city's urban appearance, even from long distances, and monumentalized alternate routes to the city used by the villa-owning elite, countering the ambiguous status of a liminal city that was both Rome's annex and an autonomous municipium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of recent advances in landscape conservation, this study introduces a profiling model that provides context-sensitive heritage conservation strategies. The model is adaptable and focuses on socio-demographic profiling of a rural landscape. It uses İznik (ancient Nicaea) town, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate, and the surrounding rural landscape as a case study area. The model captures the intricate interplay between the socio-demographic conditions of agriculture-based local communities and rural heritage, offering policy options to enhance community well-being and conserve rural heritage. Based on the complementary use of Cluster and Multiple Correspondence Analysis, the model employs multi-layered analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The model identifies six distinct clusters, revealing the vulnerability and resilience of rural settlements around İznik town, and the priority sites where rural heritage and local populations face immediate threat. Fostering a symbiotic relationship between data-driven insights and locally informed policies, this model generates evidence-based, people-centred policy outputs for heritage conservation, which may be applicable in a variety of contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil health is crucial to reaching high yields, and growing cover crops can help improve soil conditions. The goal of this study is to determine the effects of cover crops on soil health using potential respiration, potential nitrogen mineralization, and aggregates stability as indicators of soil health. The study has been conducted since 2019 at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY, and involves three landscape positions receiving a treatment with cereal rye, cereal rye– crimson clover mixture, and fallow soil. This study emphasized that cover crops can enhance potential respiration and microbial activity over landscape positions, with rye being more beneficial than the mixture treatment. However, cover crops were also beneficial for aggregate stability but not for potential nitrogen mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization increases, managed urban landscapes are frequently the mode through which people experience nature and where careers in natural resources are increasing. There is a lack of knowledge related to curricula and programs where students are exposed to managed urban landscapes and careers related to them. We aimed to evaluate the current status of managed urban landscape curricula (MULC) in undergraduate programs in Minnesota through a systematic investigation of programs and courses at higher education institutions. All undergraduate courses offered by included higher education institutions were reviewed to determine the presence, absence, or possibility of MULC based on the course’s publicly available descriptions and were combined with departmental and institutional characteristics to identify patterns of MULC across the state. Only about 1% of over 50,000 courses reviewed contain MULC. Courses with MULC were concentrated in public doctoral-level institutions and in departments such as biology and environmental studies, however MULC courses were found at 94% of included institutions and across 60 different departments. While the number of courses with MULC was minimal, courses with the possibility of including MULC show there are ample opportunities for MULC to be added to existing courses, especially core requirements such as introductory biology or a survey of environmental science in the state of Minnesota and more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of ecogeomorphological studies conducted in the high-mountain belt of the southern slope of the Main Caucasus Range by utilizing satellite imagery. The investigations reaffirmed the dynamic nature of exogenous relief-forming processes evident in slope surface conditions and the diverse array of natural landscapes in high-mountain regions. The data acquired facilitated the development of measures aimed at enhancing the natural environment and guiding future land use practices. Through this research, various factors contributing to degradation processes were identified, enabling the pinpointing of erosion-prone areas on both slopes of the Greater Caucasus and the formulation of what we believe to be the most optimal anti-erosion measures scheme. Analysis of satellite imagery revealed that some river basins originating from the southern slope of the Main Caucasus Range exhibit the most pronounced soil and vegetation degradation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Anthropocene, human modifications to fluvial landscapes have become a common aspect of their progress and development. The primary objective of this research is to delve into the human-induced alterations on fluvial landscapes at both the channel and basin scales. For channel scale investigation, we classify the channel cross-sections in terms of human interventions and relate them with the potential anthropic (or anthropogenic) geomorphology in the Kopai River basin (KRB) in India. A total of 35 cross-sections (CS) were surveyed at an interval of ~ 3 km from source to mouth, and a perceptional survey was executed among randomly selected 960 respondents in the seven community development blocks. The CS are classified into natural (alluvial and bedrock) and anthropogenic (monatogenic – mining-influenced, traffic- road-stream crossings, hydrogenic-influenced by hydrological projects like dams, and agrogenic- agriculture-influenced) categories following Sźabo's (1971) taxonomic approach. The statistical difference between natural and anthropic cross-sections is measured using seven hydromorphological characteristics. Basin scale investigation adopting Nir's index (1983) of potential anthropic geomorphology (IPAG) from 1961 to 2021 depicts that the IPAG is progressively decreasing with time, although the reality is different. We propose to extend the basic notion of the IPAG by incorporating more relevant parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Lifescapes: The Experience of Landscape in Britain, 1870-1960" by Jeremy Burchardt is a well-written and deeply researched book that explores the relationship between individuals and the British landscape during this time period. Burchardt uses eight unpublished diaries to construct a close micro-historical assessment of popular ruralism, employing a methodology that is closer to that of a novelist than a traditional historian. The book examines the affective relationships that individuals had with rural landscapes, categorizing them into four types: adherers, withdrawers, restorers, and explorers. While the diaries reflect a good balance between men and women, they are predominantly white and from the professional middle class, limiting the diversity of perspectives. Burchardt's conclusion delves into the psychological characteristics that explain the affective significance of landscape for the diarists. The book also challenges prevailing interpretative strategies in social history and offers a new approach to studying individuals in historical research. Overall, "Lifescapes" is a valuable resource for researchers interested in the history of ruralism, landscape, and identity formation in Britain during this time period. [Extracted from the article]

Conserving migratory wildlife requires understanding how groups of individuals interact across seasons and landscapes. Telemetry reveals individual movements at large spatiotemporal scales; however, using movement data to define conservation units requires scaling up from individual movements to species‐ and community‐level patterns. We developed a framework to define flyways and identify important sites from telemetry data and applied it to long‐term, range‐wide tracking data from three species (640 individuals) of sea ducks: namely, North American scoters (Melanitta spp). Our network of 88 nodes included both multispecies hotspots and areas uniquely important to individual species. We found limited spatial overlap between scoters wintering on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, with differing connectivity patterns between coasts. Finally, we identified four multispecies conservation units that did not correspond to traditional management flyways. From this approach, we show how individual movements can be used to quantify range‐wide connectivity of migratory species and reveal gaps in conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019 the Budj Bim cultural landscape in south western Victoria was listed on the World Heritage Register. It is significant firstly for the Gunditjmara people as a culmination of regaining control over their traditional lands and international recognition of their unbroken connection with the land extending back tens of thousands of years. It undermines a longstanding distinction made in heritage assessment between tangible (material) and intangible (immaterial) categories by instead seeing these as interdependent and 'constitutive entanglements' of everyday life. The corresponding distinction too often made between the built and the natural environment has resulted in a disproportionate acceptance that associates built environment heritage with European or Western societies and identifies natural environmental heritage with Indigenous landscapes. Introducing a socio-material perspective where these formerly separate categories are seen as interdependent enables a new mode of understanding cultural connection to the land that is potentially transforming. Finally, it is significant as an exemplar of Indigenous led heritage work that brings together political struggle and advocacy, history work, and in the process creates new knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latrun area is known for its rich history and natural beauty. This paper explores the scenic and historical significance of Latrun, tracing its evolution from Roman times to its current state. The study highlights the area's strategic importance, the transformation of the Latrun Monastery, and the impact of historical conflicts on the local population and landscape. Through interviews and personal reflections, the paper delves into the enduring legacy of the region and the lives of its inhabitants, particularly focusing on Father Louis Wehbe and the displaced residents of 'Imwas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a historical account of the Great Black Swamp in northern Ohio and its transformation into agricultural land. Settlers drained the swamp in the 19th century, impacting the environment and causing diseases among the settlers. However, the draining of the swamp led to economic growth and the development of the agriculture and tile-manufacturing industries. The article also discusses the environmental consequences of draining the swamp, including soil depletion and water pollution. Efforts to restore wetlands and ecosystems have been made, but challenges remain. The article raises the question of whether it is possible to reverse the environmental damage caused by draining the swamp. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Urban History Review / Revue d'Histoire Urbaine is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to identify factors affecting the sight-aesthetic value of the underwater landscapes of lakes for the purposes of exploration tourism. The reason for undertaking this topic is the lack of such studies for inland water bodies. The results will contribute to expanding and supplementing the knowledge on the assessment of the sight-aesthetic attractiveness of landscapes and fill gaps in knowledge about the underwater landscapes of lakes. The questionnaire survey implemented the direct comparison method described by Kendall (Kendall, M. G. 1970. Rank Correlation Methods. Charles Griffin and Co: Glasgow, Scotland). According to respondents, animals and submerged anthropogenic elements are the most visually attractive in an aquatic environment The results obtained are the reason for conducting further research and developing the methodology for the assessment of the sight-aesthetic value of inland bodies of water based on the experience of terrestrial landscape researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the cultural and political implications of urban landscapes in Song Dynasty China through a case study of Nanjing's greenspace. The increasing urban population and thriving city-centred culture prompted urban greenspaces in Nanjing to assume additional social and cultural functions, contributing to the multi-level and multi-functional development of the city's greenspaces under commercialised and popularised aesthetics and landscaping theories. Meanwhile, under the political principle of 'sharing the pleasures with the public', the imperial court and local officials attached importance to landscaping, using urban gardens as a tool to achieve political and cultural control and social edification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociología del Trabajo is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores how early British settlers in Australia, influenced by cultural biases and commercial considerations, depicted the landscape in an Anglicized manner rather than faithfully representing the unfamiliar terrain. Topics include the impact of settlement on art, the picturesque landscape theory, and the challenges faced by artists in adapting to the new environment.

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Predator populations are imperiled globally, due in part to changing habitat and trophic interactions. Theoretical and laboratory studies suggest that heterogeneous landscapes containing prey refuges acting as source habitats can benefit both predator and prey populations, although the importance of heterogeneity in natural systems is uncertain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity mediates predator–prey interactions between the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis)—a mature forest species—and one of its principal prey, the dusky‐footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes)—a younger forest species—to the benefit of both. We did so by combining estimates of woodrat density and survival from live trapping and very high frequency tracking with direct observations of prey deliveries to dependent young by owls in both heterogeneous and homogeneous home ranges. Woodrat abundance was ~2.5 times higher in owl home ranges (14.12 km2) featuring greater heterogeneity in vegetation types (1805.0 ± 50.2 SE) compared to those dominated by mature forest (727.3 ± 51.9 SE), in large part because of high densities in young forests appearing to act as sources promoting woodrat densities in nearby mature forests. Woodrat mortality rates were low across vegetation types and did not differ between heterogeneous and homogeneous home ranges, yet all observed predation by owls occurred within mature forests, suggesting young forests may act as woodrat refuges. Owls exhibited a type 1 functional response, consuming ~2.5 times more woodrats in heterogeneous (31.1/month ± 5.2 SE) versus homogeneous (12.7/month ± 3.7 SE) home ranges. While consumption of smaller‐bodied alternative prey partially compensated for lower woodrat consumption in homogeneous home ranges, owls nevertheless consumed 30% more biomass in heterogeneous home ranges—approximately equivalent to the energetic needs of producing one additional offspring. Thus, a mosaic of vegetation types including young forest patches increased woodrat abundance and availability that, in turn, provided energetic and potentially reproductive benefits to mature forest‐associated spotted owls. More broadly, our findings provide strong empirical evidence that heterogeneous landscapes containing prey refuges can benefit both predator and prey populations. As anthropogenic activities continue to homogenize landscapes globally, promoting heterogeneous systems with prey refuges may benefit imperiled predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cities of urban fantasies are monstrous. They are confining edifices, places full of liminal and hidden spaces, and they shape the narratives contained within. Urban fantasy as a genre is shaped by the unseen creatures that populate its cities, the archaeological striation of pasts pushing into the present, and the thematic tensions of anxiety, fear, and dread. The cities of Australian urban fantasy are presented as monstrous places. Angela Slatter’s Vigil presents the city of Brisbane, Queensland as full of the contradictory spaces of churches, dirty street scapes, and elite hidden places that hint at a rot beneath the city. Trent Jamieson’s Death Most Definite presents a night-touched Brisbane landscape of liminal spaces and terminal landscapes. The perspective both urban fantasies present is of a city as a place of darkness, of dangerous and forgotten edges, of anxious tensions, and boundaries that constrict. The sense of place created in these narratives present a near-dystopic view of the modern city: creating a place more terrifying than the monsters it contains. This article explores the creation of a sense of place through the gothic concept of the edifice, inclusions of liminal spaces, and terminal landscapes of the dead and undead, to present a monstrous city in Australian urban fantasy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper explores the significance of historic urban landscapes (HUL) in the context of Indian heritage management policies. It investigates the challenges faced in preserving and managing historic urban areas and provides recommendations to enhance the integration of HUL approaches within the existing policy framework. The study draws upon a comprehensive review of scholarly articles, reports, and policy documents related to heritage management in India. The findings emphasise the need for a holistic and inclusive approach that recognises the multifaceted nature of urban heritage and fosters sustainable development while preserving historical significance. The paper offers practical recommendations for policymakers and urban planners to incorporate HUL principles into Indian heritage management policies effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water quality of a river can be considered a function of its surrounding landscape. Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and river water quality is essential for optimizing landscape patterns to reduce watershed pollution and has not yet been solved. A multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model was used to explore the associations between the landscape patterns and water quality. Our results showed that landscape metrics have varied relationships with the water quality across spatial scales in different seasons. The strongest independent influencing variable for NO3–-N, NH4+-N, and TN was tea gardens, residential land, and varied seasonally, respectively. The impacts of the landscape metrics on the TP were relatively weak throughout the year at the watershed scale. The influence of landscape metrics on NO3–-N was more significant during the flood season, whereas that on NH4+-N was more notable during the non-flood season. Seasonal changes in the influencing landscape metrics of TN were not regular. Although landscape composition more significantly influenced water quality than configuration, the Shannon's diversity index and patch density were important configuration indices that significantly impacted water quality. Therefore, with limited land availability, it is essential to optimize the landscape spatial configuration without changing the composition of the watershed to reduce the risk of river pollution. This study further indicated that the MGWR model can well quantify the effects of landscape pattern on water quality at the watershed scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second half of the twentieth century saw major coastal landscape changes around Australia driven by seachange migration. This article examines the experience of New South Wales' Central Coast, whose population increased nearly tenfold and was the site of ongoing debates about environmental risk and loss. Over time, a compromise emerged regionally and nationally that allowed continuing coastal migration but with distinct bounds on further development. This article examines how this compromise accompanied the rise of the Australian environmental state, melded with the institutionalisation of the sustainability movement, and can be placed in a broader history of political settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to describe how therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists in spa resorts. Survey data were collected from 184 tourists to Swoszowice spa resort in Poland using a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that the way the therapeutic landscape creates value added for tourists differs concerning socio-demographic, behavioural and psychographic factors. The conclusions have important implications for scholars, allowing them to understand the importance of the therapeutic landscape and its determinants for tourists. Knowledge of how tourists assess landscape aesthetics, which constitute value added in the structure of the destination-specific therapeutic tourism product (DSTTP), is essential for local government entities and managers of treatment enterprises to develop and manage a therapeutic product that meets the needs of their customers. The present paper fills the gap in the subject literature, which lacks studies assessing the therapeutic landscape as one of the elements in the structure of DSTTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Integrated landscape approaches (ILA) aim to reconcile multiple, often competing, interests across agriculture, nature conservation, and other land uses. Recognized ILA design principles provide guidance for implementation, yet application remains challenging, and a strong performance evidence-base is yet to be formed. Through a critical literature review and focus group discussions with practitioners, we identified considerable diversity of ILA in actors, temporal, and spatial scales, inter alia. This diversity hampers learning from and steering ILA because of the intractable nature of the concept. Therefore, we developed a tool—an 'ILA mixing board'—to structure the complexity of ILA into selectable and scalable attributes in a replicable way to allow planning, diagnosing, and comparing ILA. The ILA mixing board tool presents seven qualifiers, each representing a key attribute of ILA design and performance (for example, project flexibility, inclusiveness of the dialogue, and the centrality of the power distribution). Each qualifier has five (non-normative) outcome indicators that can be registered as present or absent. This process in turn guides planners, evaluators and other participating stakeholders involved in landscape management to diagnose the ILA type, or its performance. We apply the ILA mixing board to three ILA cases in Nicaragua, Madagascar, and the Congo Basin to show some of the many possible configurations of qualifiers on the mixing board. Further application of the tool would allow comparative analysis of the complexity of ILA in a structured and manageable way thereby enhancing the understanding of ILA performance and informing the development of evidence-based land use policy. • Landscape approaches aim to reconcile multiple land use and conservation objectives and stakeholder interests. • How to break down the complexity of landscape approaches into selectable, scalable, and measurable indicators?. • We present a "mixing board" for landscape approaches consisting of 35 indicators across seven planning dimensions. • Planners, evaluators and stakeholders can classify landscape approaches based on their complexity and performance. • We show that the tool allows to compare even very different types of approaches in a replicable and transparent way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memorias is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the discussion on memorial landscapes. Topics include excavating the history of even seemingly unproblematic monuments, of listening to the buried voices that emanate from their past; and often thought of Homer as forming a kind of a topographical Greco-Roman axis with the neo-Roman Rotunda.