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Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are considered a prominent energy storage technology, especially in the field of electromobility. In this sense, early quality control of battery cell manufacturing is crucial as it can increase energy and material efficiency by stopping further production of critical cells. This paper proposes a virtual quality gate (VQG) concept for inline quality control of battery cell manufacturing. Based on that, only the cells that meet the predefined quality requirements can proceed to the next process steps. For quality control, the VQG includes high-potential tests (HiPot), a measurement method to characterize the electrical insulation properties of separator layers under a defined electrical voltage. As a use case, the Effects of the lamination process of electrodes and separators on cell quality are investigated using the VQG. Data-driven modeling is implemented to predict and classify cell quality concerning the process parameters of lamination. As a result, early-failure detection and better decision-making for battery cell manufacturing are achieved, increasing efficiency from both economic and environmental perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic-rich shales are generally characterized by well-developed bedding and lamination, complex pore structure, and strong heterogeneity. The lamination is an important weak surface of mechanical properties in organic-rich shales, influencing the rock fracture mode. This paper takes the typical shale samples of the Longmaxi Formation in China as an example to analyze the influence of shale lamination on rock failure mode by X-ray diffraction analysis and CT slice scanning imaging technology. The results show that the microfractures are widely distributed in the dark lamination composed of clay minerals and organic matter. The content of organic matter is positively correlated with the development degree of microfractures. Under the uniaxial pressure of the vertical grain plane, the tensile fractures of the vertical grain plane are mainly formed. Under the triaxial compression experiment condition, the fracture mode of shale rock is closely related to the sampling angle, but all of them show shear failure. Therefore, the analysis of shale bedding characteristics is of great significance to the design of hydraulic fracturing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite fabric is a new type of automobile fabric in recent years. The three-layer composite fabric was made of different materials that were linen weaving fabric, knitting fabric and warp-knitted spacer fabric. Through testing performances of three different adhesives, the thermoplastic urethanes（TPU） hot melt powder was selected to adhere every fabric. Then, the laminating process was designed and applied. The optimized process conditions were following: the temperature was 150℃,the pressure was 2.0 N·cm-2,the time was 80 s, and the dosage of adhesive was 20 g·m-2.This new laminated fabric has multi-functions, such as comfortability, permeability and physic mechanical properties. This lamination process will be used to be the basis for the study of functional laminated car seat fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to determine the adhesion force between an aluminum foil and basalt fabrics. Aluminised basalt fabric can be used as an alternative solution for protective clothing production. So far aluminised glass fabric has been used for this purpose. The lamination of basalt fabrics with aluminum foil does not changed fabric flexibility and can provide better protection against thermal radiation. To check different variants of adhesion, fabrics reinforced by a steel wire were also used (wire diameter 0.1 mm). The steel wire caused an increase in the fabric tear strength as well as in puncture and cut resistance. Two types of glue were chosen to carry out an investigation on the strength of adhesive bonding (Butacoll A+ and Bonatex PU85). The adhesion strength of the laminates was measured according to the PN-88/P-04950 standard. The test results confirmed higher values for weft directions and the phenomenon of asymmetry of the bond strength was found during testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamination process is a finishing process applied to bring functionality, physical modification and change at appearance by combining two separate materials (fabric, polymer film layer or membrane). The process increased its popularity at denim industry especially in fabric-fabric lamination form in the last decade. Despite its market interest, lamination has setbacks in R&D studies for optimization to enhance the product performance due to large numbers of parameters and difficulties in producing samples. In this study, an adaptive laboratory type coating/laminating unit was developed as the first time in textile industry and the lamination of denim-denim fabric process has been optimized through statistical analysis and modelling studies by artificial neural network (ANN) and least-square support vector (LS-SVM) machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibre membranes and nanofibre products represent break-through technology in many fields of industry. They are used for air or liquid filtration, and their unique properties are suitable for many new health products or when manufacturing clothes etc. Their biggest advantage is their high porosity and fineness. On the other hand, the disadvantage of these membranes is the fact that it is not a homogenous material/foil, but a layer of fibres or rather several fibre layers (hereafter we will always use the term nanomembrane). This structure has a very negative impact on some of its properties i.e. strength, abrasion resistance, pressure resistance etc. This work introduces a 2-layer-laminate and 3-layer laminate where one of the layers is made of nanofibres with a view to their use in the manufacturing of clothes for sport and outdoor activities. The nanofibre membrane laminate must protect the wearer from weather conditions like rain and snow and, at the same time, enable transferring of liquid moisture from the wearer's body to the outside environment. Using lamination, we can connect the fine nanofibre membrane to a resilient textile material (knitted, woven or non-woven). This stronger textile material protects the more fragile nanomembrane from the outside environment (abrasion, friction etc.) while not diminishing its good comfort properties, like being windproof, waterproof and having good steam-permeability. The result of this work is a laminate with a high level of steam permeability, with minimum air permeability and a water column higher than 5000 mm. The tests carried out proved that during repeated washing cycles no delamination occurred and hydrostatic resistance decreased by approximately 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamination is one of common defects in the manufacturing process of seamless metallic pipes. In this paper, the interaction between the circumferential Lamb waves and lamination in the midplane of an aluminum pipe is studied. The used circumferential Lamb waves are CL0 and CL1 modes generated with a finite element method code. Lamination along the circumferential direction is established by the demerging-node method. Numerical results of arrival time are compared with theoretical results in order to verify the accuracy of the excitation ways. The interaction between circumferential Lamb waves and lamination in a damaged full circular pipe is analyzed by composing the received waveforms of the corresponding receivers when CL0 and CL1 modes are excited at different excitation positions: the inner subpipe, the outer subpipe, and the main pipe. The composed waveforms fit well with the original waveforms. When CL0/CL1 mode reaches the entrance and exit of a lamination, it generates new mode and undergoes multiple reverberations, diffraction, and mode conversion between the two ends of the lamination. Based on the detailed analysis of the waveform in detail, some phenomena, which are different from those in a plate, are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mechanical properties of shale play an important role in unconventional gas exploration, and macro-mechanical tests on the Longmaxi shale show significant anisotropy, which is closely related to lamination. According to experimental and numerical studies on shale, the lamina thickness has an important influence on the mechanical properties of shale. Therefore, this study investigates the actual lamina thicknesses of the Longmaxi shale outcrop. Photomicrographs of seven thin sections showed that the shale can be viewed as a composite of two phases: the clay matrix and inclusions. The lamination of the Longmaxi shale is considerable, although the lamina lack sharp boundaries. After image processing (binary segmentation, image denoising and lamina segmentation), auto-segmentation was performed, and the lamina thicknesses of both the clay matrix and inclusions were estimated. The results show that for both phases, most lamina thicknesses are narrow, and no representative thickness was found for the samples. Additionally, the clay matrix was much thicker than the inclusions. The impact of the inclusion thickness ratio on the shale properties was evaluated based on the Mori-Tanaka model, which confirmed the important impact of lamina thickness on the mechanical properties of shale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation of degraded forests is a challenging issue in the tropics, since the maintenance of environmental services and economic demands must be conciliated. Environmental services must be conserved while degraded tropical forests are demanded to be competitive against more financially profitable land uses as crop fields and pastures. The objective of this study was to evaluate productivity and financial profitability of enrichment planting in degraded forests. Seeds of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum were planted in logging gaps of a 108-ha degraded forest in southeast Pará (Brazil) in February 1995 (average = 91.7 seeds ha −1 and 15.3 seeds gap −1 ). After 13 years (2008), S. parahyba presented a volume increase of 3.1 m 3 ha −1 yr −1 for individuals ⩾25 cm in DBH. More than 30% of the planted seeds were able to germinate, establish, and grow up to sizes ⩾25 cm in DBH. A cost-benefit analysis through Net Present Value (NPV) and a sensitivity analysis with different interest rates were performed to compare financial profitability of the treated and control area under roundwood and laminated plus sawnwood production. Enrichment planting using S. parahyba seeds presented higher NPVs in the treated than in control area for all simulations, except roundwood under interest rate of 9% per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fractures and laminations are common features in many unconventional resources which require hydraulic fracturing for economic production. To better understand the effect of such features on rock failure, we have conducted indirect tensile or Brazilian testing on several rock samples from Green River and Niobrara formations. Brazilian experiments were conducted at various orientations of laminations or natural fractures with respect to the loading direction. In contrast to isotropic rocks, we observed that rock failure can occur away from the vertical central line of rock parallel to lamination or natural fracture when the approaching angle between the lamination and loading direction is less than 30° in the tested samples. It was also determined that the tensile strength parallel to laminations or calcite-filled fractures is lower than the tensile strength perpendicular to lamination and/or the natural fractures; for instance the tensile strength of Niobara calcite-filled fractures were almost one third of the rock matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, denim fabrics manufactured using standard processes were selected as reference fabric and subjected to mechanical and chemical finishing treatment. The effects of the two finishing treatments on the comfort and performance properties of the fabric were investigated. The test samples were the reference fabric, raised fabric and laminated fabric. The comfort tests were for fabric thickness, air permeability and water vapor permeability. The performance tests were for tensile strength, fabric stiffness, tearing strength and fastness. Colour and microscopic image analyses of the samples were also made and evaluated. Raising and lamination improved the thermal resistance properties, whereas raising increased air permeability. Evaluating the performance, fastness and colour properties of the raised and laminated fabric samples did not reveal any significantly negative outcomes. Raising can be recommended for use on the condition that seasonal variations be considered, since it creates comfortable denim fabrics with improved thermal resistance and air permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated boards were produced by laminating banana stem fibre boards with banana leaf tapes. Various laminated boards were created by changing the number of layers of leaf tapes used. The tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the laminated boards increased with increasing number of layers of the leaf tapes. The elastic modulus of the laminated boards, however, showed the opposite trend. The orientation of fibre in the leaf tapes has little effect on impact strength but other properties studied showed that the properties measured along the fibre orientation were higher than that in the perpendicular direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) is known to enable a direct deposition of a variety of nanoparticle materials onto various type of sensor substrates. Nevertheless, the directly deposited sensing layers come with intrinsic drawbacks such as high baseline resistivity and fragility, both associated to their extremely high porosity. Accordingly, here, we are showing that by applying a lamination process for the sensor preparation it is possible to overcome those problems. Compression leads to a lower baseline resistance, a gain in terms of sensor response and a more robust sensing layer, compared to the directly deposited counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: From 2009 to 2010, in order to construct a 100m-long parabolic trough in Beijing Badaling solar power test plant, the parabolic mirrors (PMs) were developed by using the car windshield manufacturing technology. The PM in this design consists of a 1.1mm-thick mirror with a back-surface silver coating attached to a glass backing plate preformed to a parabolic shape. The PMs in this design adopted similar automobile windshield manufacturing process. The contours of the PMs were detected using a 3 dimensional coordinate measuring machine (3DCMM). The optical accuracy was obtained by ray tracing, and compared with that of the imported PMs. Through two years of running of the 100m-long parabolic trough, it has been proven that the PMs in this design have good resistance to wind. In addition, the glass backing plate is able to protect 1.1mm silver mirror from the attack of sand, so the PMs in this design have good anti-sandstorm performance. Therefore, this kind of PMs is suitable for windy and sandy environment condition of areas that fit in with solar thermal power in China, and it should be one of the options for PMs in future parabolic trough solar power plant of China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we present a multi-robot application from the field of industrial automation. The multi-robot system forms the central part of a novel kind of profile wrapping machine, which is used to laminate decorative surfaces onto profiles, e.g. parts for window frames. The robots operate in a confined area and perform different tasks such as re-tooling and setting up machine parts simultaneously as quick and as accurate as possible. During lamination, each robot uses a special roller to press the adhesive-coated surface onto the profile. For this application, we use a scalable number of at least 10 and up to 50 standard articulated-arm robots. The system consists of three lines of robots, three movable depots capable of holding hundreds of different rollers and a computer with a fieldbus interface allowing for communication with additional machine components like servo converters. On the computer runs custom software and serves as a central control unit. The control software receives the given reference values, like roller positions and desired pressure, and distributes them to the robots. Robot actions are triggered, monitored and synchronized by the central control unit, but every robot performs its tasks autonomously. The main control unit and robots communicate via standard Ethernet, since time-critical actions can be handled on each robot''s own controller. User interface and sophisticated software modules allowing for a completely automated machine configuration are also linked to the control system via Ethernet, as well as any additional components like data logging or remote service applications. Tests revealed that the multi-robot approach for profile wrapping reduces set-up time from more than 1.5hrs on conventional machines to approximately five minutes. At the same time, it ensures a higher and more constant process quality as the system autonomously compensates for wear of rollers or variation in the profile''s geometry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is now the most widely used rapid prototyping technology. We describe how to use Aurora software to do fused deposition processing. Parts placement and layering parameters are optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant perspectives of basic writers' self-sponsored literacies tend to overlook the important roles such activities can play in literate development. Drawn from texts, interviews, and participant-observations collected during a five-year study, this article continues the examination of the relationship between one writer's curricular and extracurricular engagements begun in "Journalism, Poetry, Stand-Up Comedy, and Academic Literacy: Mapping the Interplay ofCurricular and Extracurricular Literate Activities,"which appeared inJBW 27.1. This article examines the writing-related knowledge the writer gained from extracurricular engagements with stand-up comedy, poetry, and sports journalism and argues that he draws upon this knowledge to enhance his performance in a writing-intensive upper-division kinesiology class. Based on my analysis of these "laminated" literacies, I argue for a perspective of basic writers'self-sponsored literate activities that acknowledges the positive contributions they can make to learners' academic engagements and to their literate lives more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Roll-to-roll lamination of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been carried out using the thermal lamination technique. The laminated substrates show high optical transparency due to the absence of an interlayer. Surface treatment of the PET allows thermal lamination to be carried out at temperatures 20°C below the glass transition temperature of the PET substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis has been conducted to show the presence of various chemical bonds on the coated PET. The possibility of bond formation after surface treatment has also been discussed to explain the phenomenon behind the low temperature thermal lamination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study by Erasmo Carrera and colleagues on the comparison of several shell theories for the assessment of the free vibration response of cylindrical composites shells. It mentions some of the theories on the vibration response of composite shells which include the classical lamination theory, first order shear deformation theory, and higher order theories. Results show the subordination of Love type approximations to the thickness parameter.

Abstract: A multi-lamination micromixer for time resolved infrared spectroscopy, optimized by fluid simulations is characterized for different flow rates. Using four instead of two lamination layers yields a reduction of the diffusion length and decreases mixing time significantly. Measurement results prove the ultrafast mixing performance of this micromixer (<1 ms for aqueous solutions). This device operates in a wide range of flow rates without performance drop illustrated by the linear relation between the mixing time and the flow rate. A new custom chip holder provides easy chip handling and higher pressure durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofia UNISINOS is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudos Tecnológicos em Engenharia is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: We report on a novel microsynthesis method for easy controlling the size of silica micro- and nanoparticles. Colloids are synthesized in a microfluidic chamber by layer-wise adsorption of silica to precipitated nuclei. We prepare samples of spherical particles with different numbers of coatings and find that particles with less than 15 coating layers are uniform in size. Particles with more coatings are disperse. This finding is attributed to peptization of nanoparticles and independent growth of secondary nanoparticles. For all numbers of layers, the maximum particle size increases with the number of coatings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Waterproof breathable properties have recently been widely used in textile applications, due to their comfort properties. The studies on waterproof breathable fabrics are generally related to woven fabrics. In this investigation, we propose to find some evidence that knit fabric structure is also appropriate for waterproof breathable laminations, regarding their comfort properties. Within this scope of investigation, single jersey knitted fabrics, made of viscose, polyester, cotton and bamboo yarns, are laminated with polyether polyurethane and polyester polyurethane membranes, using reactive polyurethane adhesives. Samples are tested for their water permeability, air permeability, and water vapor permeability, wicking and drying, in their original state and after five washing cycles. The effect of fabric fiber composition and membrane type is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard and transparent zirconia films were successfully formed on a polycarbonate (PC) surface under mild preparation conditions (low temperature and ambient-pressure). Our process is based on the lamination of porous anodized zirconia membranes (PAZM) to the PC surface, followed by mechanical peeling with tweezers. By heating PC above its glass transition temperature, molten PC was successfully pulled into the nanopores through capillary force, followed by cooling to readily anchor the PAZM securely to the PC surface. Consequently, our resulting PAZM-laminated PC surface exhibited excellent adhesion and surface mechanical properties, while preserving the optical and bulk properties of the polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]