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With the acceleration of globalization, machine translation (MT) plays an increasingly prominent role in cross-language communication. However, how to evaluate the quality of machine translation, especially considering the nuances in different semantic contexts, remains a challenge. This paper proposes an automatic scoring model for machine translation quality based on deep transfer learning, which aims to accurately perceive and evaluate the quality of translated texts in different semantic contexts. Firstly, a pre-trained deep neural network model is used to extract the semantic feature representation of the sentences in the source language and the target language, so as to capture the semantic information of the sentences. Then, deep transfer learning is used to map the semantic features of source language and target language into the shared feature space. By sharing feature space, an effective relationship is established between the semantic representations of two languages, so as to achieve cross-language quality evaluation. The experimental results show that the model has made significant progress in evaluating the quality of machine translation. Compared with traditional methods, this model can evaluate translation quality more accurately and has better generalization ability. The automatic scoring model of machine translation quality based on deep transfer learning not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of machine translation quality assessment, but also provides new ideas and methods for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells in breast tumor microenvironment (TME). Background: The role of rare cells in TME is less studied. In Silico transcriptomic analyses of real-world data enable us to detect and quantify rare cells, including CMP cells. Methods: A total of 5176 breast cancer (BC) patients from SCANB, METABRIC, and 5 single-cell sequence cohorts were analyzed using the xCell algorithm. The high group was defined as more than two-thirds of the CMP scores in each cohort. Results: CMP cells consist of 0.07% to 0.25% of bulk breast tumor cells, more in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) compared with triple-negative (TN) subtype (0.1% to 0.75%, 0.18% to 0.33% of immune cells, respectively). CMP cells did not correlate with any of the myeloid lineages or stem cells in TME. CMP infiltration was higher in smaller tumors, with lower Nottingham grade, and in ER +/HER2- than in TNBC consistently in both SCAN-B and METABRIC cohorts. High CMP was significantly associated with a lower risk of brain metastasis and with better survival, particularly in ER+/HER2-. High CMP enriched epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis pathways, and less cell proliferation and DNA repair gene sets. High CMP ER+/HER2- was associated with less immune cell infiltration and cytolytic activity (P<0.001). CMP infiltration correlated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy response for both ER+/HER2- and TNBC in the ISPY-2 cohort (AUC=0.69 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusions: CMP in BC is inversely associated with cell proliferation and brain metastasis, better response to immunotherapy, and survival. This is the first to report the clinical relevance of CMP infiltration in BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor immunotherapy has gained more and more attention in tumor treatment. However, the accumulation of lactic acid in tumor tissue inhibits the response of immune cells to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment (ISME). To reverse the ISME, an acid-responsive nanoplatform (termed as MLLN@HA) is reported for synergistically enhanced tumor immunotherapy. MLLN@HA is constructed by the co-loading of lactate oxidase (LOX) and DNA repair inhibitor (NU7441) in a manganese-doped layered double hydroxide (Mn-LDH), and then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) for tumor-targeted delivery. After endocytosis by tumor cells, MLLN@HA decomposes and releases LOX, NU7441 and Mn2+ ions in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The released LOX catalyzes the conversion of lactic acid into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), which not only alleviates the ISME, but also provides reactants for the Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction to enhance chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Released NU7441 prevents CDT-induced DNA damage from being repaired, thereby increasing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments within tumor cells. Importantly, the released Mn2+ ions enhance the sensitivity of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to dsDNA fragments, and activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to induce an anti-tumor immune response. Such an orchestrated immune-boosting strategy ultimately achieves effective tumor growth inhibition and prevents tumor lung metastasis. To improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, an innovative acid-responsive MLLN@HA nanoplatform was developed for synergistically enhanced tumor immunotherapy. The MLLN@HA actively targets to tumor cells through the interaction of HA with CD44, and then degrades to release LOX, NU7441 and Mn2+ ions in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The released LOX generates H 2 O 2 for the Mn2+-mediated Fenton reaction and reverses the ISME by consuming lactate. NU7441 prevents DNA damage repair, leading to an increased concentration of free DNA fragments, while Mn2+ ions activate the cGAS-STING pathway, enhancing the systemic anti-tumor immune response. The orchestrated immune-boosting nanoplatform effectively inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis, presenting a promising strategy for cancer treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HCC is a malignancy characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional classifications of HCC primarily rely on tumor morphology, phenotype, and multicellular molecular levels, which may not accurately capture the cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. This study integrates scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to spotlight HP as a critical gene within a subgroup of HCC malignant cells. HP is highly expressed in HCC malignant cells and lowly expressed in T cells. Within malignant cells, elevated HP expression interacts with C3, promoting Th1-type responses via the C3/C3AR1 axis. In T cells, down-regulating HP expression favors the expression of Th1 cell-associated marker genes, potentially enhancing Th1-type responses. Consequently, we developed a "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set, correlating higher activity scores with improved survival rates in HCC patients. Additionally, four predictive models for neoadjuvant treatment based on HP and C3 expression were established: 1) Low HP and C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 2) High HP and low C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 3) High HP and C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration; 4) Low HP and high C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration. In conclusion, the HP gene selected from the HCC malignant cell subgroup (Malignant_Sub 6) might serve as a potential ally against the tumor by promoting Th1-type immune responses. The establishment of the "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set offers predictive insights for HCC patient survival prognosis and neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, providing directions for clinical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Changes in body composition in postmenopausal women affects bone health. • Enhancing exercises for the core muscles prevents bone losss and fractures. • Exercising the appendicular muscles prevents spinal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis and fractures are widely prevalent. However, the relationship of body composition with bone health in this population remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of body composition with bone mineral density (BMD) and 10-year probability of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1285 subjects were included in our study. Body composition and BMD were assessed using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. The 10-year probability of hip fracture of participants was calculated. All participants were categorized into four groups: sarcopenic-obese (SO) group, sarcopenic-nonobese (S) group, nonsarcopenic-obese (O) group, or nonsarcopenic-nonobese control (C) group. Multivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were conducted to explore the relationship of body composition with BMD and 10-year probability of hip fracture. Participants in S group were 2.8, 4.7 and 4.8 times more likely to develop osteoporosis in the lumbar spine, the total hip and femoral neck sites, respectively. Lean mass was positively correlated with BMD, wherein lumbar spine BMD was significantly affected by appendicular lean mass, while total hip BMD and femoral neck BMD were mainly influenced by trunk lean mass. Total fat mass was positively associated with total hip and femoral neck BMD, but not with lumbar spine BMD. A significant correlation was observed between lean mass and 10-year probability of hip fracture. Changes in body composition in postmenopausal women could affect bone health. A decrease in regional lean mass may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photothermal therapy is emerging as a cutting-edge modality for tumor ablation due to its good biosafety, high penetration ability and spatiotemporal controllability. Despite efforts, establishing a link between cellular metabolic regulation and photothermal performance is still promising in synergistic cancer therapy. Herein, we developed a core-shell semiconducting polymer@metal-phenolic network (SP@GFP) nanomotor by assembling diphenol-terminated cisplatin prodrug ligand (cPt-DA) and iron (III) (Fe3+) through metal coordination on SP particles in the presence of GOx and DSPE-PEG-cRGD, for NIR-II-propelled self-propulsion and synergistic cancer therapy. Remotely driving the SP@GFP nanomotor with an NIR-II laser through a thermophoresis mechanism would allow for in-depth penetration and accumulation. The synergistic photothermal effect and continuous Fe2+-mediated ROS generation of SP@GFP nanomotor could activate photothermal, chemotherapeutic effects and ferroptosis pathway for cancer cells through reshaping cellular metabolic pathways (HSP and GPX4). By combining the concepts of chemotherapeutic prodrugs, catalytic ROS generation, photothermal response and cellular metabolic regulation, the NIR-II laser-controlled core-shell SP@GFP nanomotor displayed improved outcomes for enhanced cancer therapy through synergistic oxidative stress-photothermo modulation. • A NIR-II-powered core-shell SP@GFP prodrug nanomotor was constructed through metal coordination assembly for enhanced cancer therapy; • NIR-II laser propelled the propulsion of SP@GFP nanomotor through thermophoresis mechanism for in depth penetration and accumulation. • Therapeutic outcomes were improved through synergistic modulating oxidative stress and photothermal performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg Ga alloys are considered highly potential biodegradable materials, owing to its good mechanical properties and appropriate corrosion resistance. However, it is still far from application due to the lack of biological evaluation. In the present study, biocompatibility, osteogenesis and antibacterial activity of extruded Mg–xGa (x = 1 and 5 wt%) alloys were investigated by in vitro cell culture experiments and in vivo implantation. The cell adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) showed the excellent cytocompatibility of Mg–1Ga and poor cytocompatibility of Mg–5Ga. The osteogenic activity was evaluated and revealed that Ga3+ in the Mg–1Ga extract had the ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation through the facilitation of its early stages. In vivo studies in a rat femoral condyle model revealed that both Mg–1Ga and Mg–5Ga significantly promoted new bone formation without causing any adverse effects. Mg–5Ga exhibited a much higher corrosion rate in vivo than Mg–1Ga. Its osteogenic activity was better due to the rapid release of Mg2+ and Ga3+, but this caused premature structural integrity loss. Mg–1Ga and Mg–5Ga released Ga3+ to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus , with antibacterial rate increasing with Ga content. Our studies demonstrate that Mg–Ga alloys have the potential to be used as osteogenic and antibacterial implant materials. This study evaluates the biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and antibacterial activity of Mg–Ga alloys, which are promising biodegradable materials for medical applications. The study finds that Mg–1Ga exhibits excellent cytocompatibility and promotes osteogenic differentiation, facilitating the early stages of osteoblast precursor cell development. In vivo studies in a rat femoral condyle model reveal that Mg–1Ga and Mg–5Ga significantly promote new bone formation without causing any adverse effects. The antibacterial activity of both alloys is evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus , with the inhibition rate increasing with Ga content. These findings suggest that Mg–Ga alloys have the potential to serve as osteogenic and antibacterial implant materials, providing significant insights into the development of novel biomedical implants. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-ethnic rural settlements, a diversity of social relationships gives rise to various public spaces. The integration of cultures, propelled by urbanization, poses challenges to the unique characteristics of these rural public spaces. This process leads to issues such as the loss of cultural diversity, increased homogeneity of spaces, uneven distribution of public services, and low efficiency in space utilization, which seriously interfere with the healthy and sustainable development of rural social systems in multi-ethnic rural areas. This study, focusing on the rural public spaces in Tongren's multi-ethnic settlements, employs a social network analysis approach to investigate the implications of these spaces for the stability of rural community life and the preservation of cultural identities. A model for analyzing social networks in rural public spaces was developed, emphasizing overlapping patterns of user groups, activities, and spatial entities. Analysis of the social networks was conducted in three domains: emotional support, material exchange, and information dissemination. A semantic model was also constructed to understand the usage and structural networks within these public spaces. Comparative analyses between the usage and structural networks of rural public spaces were conducted to develop a comprehensive structural analysis system for these areas. Application of this system in analyzing the rural public spaces of Tongren revealed distinct findings. The connectivity of the structural network in Dongganmu Village's public spaces was found to be lower than that of the usage network, indicating that social factors heavily influence villagers' interactions. Furthermore, the number of small groups within the usage network was fewer than in the structural network, reflecting a lack of hierarchy in public space organization. Villagers' preferences for public spaces were primarily influenced by cultural beliefs rather than spatial accessibility. The insights garnered from this study not only contribute to the understanding of social network structures in rural public spaces within multi-ethnic settlements but also provide a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the sustainable development of these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Online aggression (OA) in Chinese university students is a public health concern. Drawing on the general aggression model (GAM), this study examines the extent to which nonviolent and violent stressful life events predict OA through altering moral cognition (i.e., moral disengagement). It also examines whether the two types of stressful life events interactively predict moral disengagement and whether violent stressful life events moderate the link between moral disengagement and OA. Method: Participants were 569 Chinese university students (Mage = 21.94 years, 42.5% males). They participated in a three-wave study, with 3-month spanning each wave, to self-report nonviolent stressful life events at Time 1 (T1), violent stressful life events and moral disengagement at T1 and Time 2 (T2), and OA at T1 and Time 3. Results: Results of path analysis showed that after controlling for the baseline levels of respective variables, T2 moral disengagement mediated the associations between T1 violent, but not nonviolent, stressful life events and Time 3 OA. The interactive effect between the two types of stressful life events at T1 on moral disengagement at T2 was insignificant; neither was the interactive effect between T2 moral disengagement and T2 violent stressful life events on Time 3 OA. The significance of results did not change after adjusting students' gender, age, and family socioeconomic status. Conclusion: These findings support the utility of GAM in explaining how OA develops in Chinese young people, implying that some situational inputs appear more important than others in these developmental processes. The results also shed light on strategies to prevent Chinese university students' OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The online group physical-psychological intervention was feasible and acceptable. • The intervention can maintain the quality of life in spinal cord injury patients. • The intervention positively affects physical and psychosocial well-being. To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a mindfulness and motivational interviewing-oriented physical-psychological integrated intervention in community-dwelling spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors. A mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. Local organizations for handicapped in Hong Kong. Community-dwelling adults with SCI (N=72). Participants in the intervention group (n=36) received video-guided exercise for daily practice and online group psychological (mindfulness and motivational interviewing-oriented) weekly sessions for 8 weeks. Participants in the control group (n=36) received an 8-week online group didactic education on lifestyle discussions and general health suggestions. Primary outcomes included quality of life, physical activity, depression, and chronic pain. Secondary outcomes included exercise self-efficacy and mindfulness. Outcomes were measured at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Focus-group interviews were conducted postintervention. The recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were 84.7%, 100%, and 98.6%, respectively. The intervention showed significant positive effects on preventing declines in quality of life at 3-month follow-up (Cohen d =0.70, 95% CI =0.22-1.18). Positive trends manifested in physical activity, depression, chronic pain, and exercise self-efficacy. Three qualitative categories were identified: subjective improvements in exercise, physical, and social well-being; perceived changes in mindfulness and mental well-being; and intervention facilitators and barriers. The mindfulness and motivational interviewing-oriented physical-psychological integrated intervention is feasible and acceptable. The significant prolonged effect in maintaining quality of life and positive effects on physical and psychosocial well-being indicate its value to address major health challenges of community-dwelling SCI survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Estimating treatment effects as time savings in disease progression may be more easily interpretable than assessing the absolute difference or a percentage reduction. In this study, we investigate the statistical considerations of the existing method for estimating time savings and propose alternative complementary methods. METHODS: We propose five alternative methods to estimate the time savings from different perspectives. These methods are applied to simulated clinical trial data that mimic or modify the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes progression trajectories observed in the Clarity AD lecanemab trial. RESULTS: Our study demonstrates that the proposed methods can generate more precise estimates by considering two crucial factors: (1) the absolute difference between treatment arms, and (2) the observed progression rate in the treatment arm. DISCUSSION: Quantifying treatment effects as time savings in disease progression offers distinct advantages. To provide comprehensive estimations, it is important to use various methods. Highlights: We explore the statistical considerations of the current method for estimating time savings.We proposed alternative methods that provide time savings estimations based on the observed absolute differences.By using various methods, a more comprehensive estimation of time savings can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the grain size distribution (GSD) of unconsolidated particles is critical to understanding coastal spreading, riverbed dynamics, and sediment transport. The current study presents a novel gravel automatic sieving (GAS) method designed to improve the accuracy and reliability of particle size analyses. At the macroscopic, the method utilizes the convex hull property of gravel to define the maximum extent of the searched gravel, effectively reducing over and under-segmentation problems. At the microscopic, the accuracy of gravel segmentation is improved by analyzing the color space characteristics of gravel to identify the pixel patches of gravel accurately. To validate the effectiveness of the GAS method, the proposed method was tested in both the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory, four artificial samples were processed using the GAS method, and the results were compared with those obtained using the traditional sieving method. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the GAS method and the traditional sieving method ranged from 94.3% to 97.8%, and the relative errors ranged from 5.8% to 20.9%, demonstrating the validity of the GAS method. In addition, the application of ImageJ software to manually identify the particle size method (ImageJ method) was also compared with the mechanical sieving method, and the correlation coefficient between the two methods was greater than 98.2%, and the relative error was less than 10.9%, so the ImageJ method can be used as a standardized method to measure the other methods. In the field, sixteen images taken in four different regions and at different times were analyzed using the ImageJ method as a benchmark. The performance of the automatic with image filtering (AIF), BASEGRAIN, and the GAS methods also were compared. The results show that the relative errors range from 28.1% to 94.6% for the BASEGRAIN, 16.8% to 1003.6% for the AIF method, and only 5.6% to 30.7% for the GAS method. As a result, the GAS method demonstrates higher accuracy and stability in complex environments. • The convex hull hypothesis determines the position and maximum size of the gravel. • Proposed search rules for pixel patches based on the shape characteristics of the gravel. • A method for determining gravel pixel patches is proposed based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the gravel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) represents a frequently encountered conduction system disorder. Despite its widespread occurrence, a continual dilemma persists regarding its intricate association with underlying cardiomyopathy and its pivotal role in the initiation of dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathologic alterations linked to LBBB-induced cardiomyopathy (LBBB-CM) have remained elusive. This study sought to investigate the chronologic dynamics of LBBB to left ventricular dysfunction and the pathologic mechanism of LBBB-CM. LBBB model was established through main left bundle branch trunk ablation in 14 canines. All LBBB dogs underwent transesophageal echocardiography and electrocardiography before ablation and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after LBBB induction. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging was performed at 12 months. We then harvested the heart from all LBBB dogs and 14 healthy adult dogs as normal controls for anatomic observation, Purkinje fiber staining, histologic staining, and connexin43 protein expression quantitation. LBBB induction caused significant fibrotic changes in the endocardium and mid-myocardium. Purkinje fibers exhibited fatty degeneration, vacuolization, and fibrosis along with downregulated connexin43 protein expression. During a 12-month follow-up, left ventricular dysfunction progressively worsened, peaking at the end of the observation period. The association between myocardial dysfunction, hypoperfusion, and fibrosis was observed in the LBBB-afflicted canines. LBBB may lead to profound myocardial injury beyond its conduction impairment effects. The temporal progression of left ventricular dysfunction and the pathologic alterations observed shed light on the complex relationship between LBBB and cardiomyopathy. These findings offer insights into potential mechanisms and clinical implications of LBBB-CM. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop ground-motion models (GMMs) to characterize the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) for earthquakes in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. GMMs developed for FAS are useful for understanding the underlying seismological parameters and can be transformed into GMMs for response spectral values for other applications (e.g., probabilistic seismic hazard analysis [PSHA]). The GMMs are calibrated using a compiled FAS database, referenced to a B.C. generic hard-rock site condition (shear-wave velocity ~2285 m/s). The GMMs are developed separately for crustal, in-slab, transition, offshore, and Haida Gwaii events. The GMMs are calibrated using data mostly from M 2.5 to 5.5 earthquakes recorded at rupture distances of ~50 to 500 km. Outside this range, the models are constrained by a seismological model supplemented with sparse observational data. The amplitude decay rate for crustal earthquakes in B.C. is very similar to that given by the empirical model of Bayless and Abrahamson (2018; hereafter, BA18), developed from California data on soil sites. However, we observe magnitude- and frequency-dependent differences between the models for ground-motion amplitude levels. We attribute these to (1) the different reference-site conditions of the models, with the B.C. GMMs being referenced to hard rock, and (2) steeper magnitude scaling at small-to-moderate magnitudes for events in B.C. in comparison to the BA18 model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder that leads to permanent disability. This research focuses on exploring the ameliorative effects of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated lncRNA DLX6-AS1 knockdown in cerebral ischemic injury via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 axis. LNP-encapsulated lncRNA DLX6-AS1 was prepared. Cerebral ischemic injury mouse models were established utilizing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The mice were treated by intravenous injection of LNP-encapsulated lncRNA DLX6-AS1. The neurological deficits, Inflammatory factor levels, pathological characteristics were observed. In vitro N2a cell oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established, and the cells were treated with LNP-encapsulated lncRNA DLX6-AS1 or Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385). Cell viability and apoptosis were tested. DLX6-AS1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NLRP3 expression levels were assessed. LncRNA DLX6-AS1 levels were elevated in the brain tissues of mice with cerebral ischemic injury and OGD-induced N2a cells. LNP-encapsulated DLX6-AS1 siRNA (si-DLX6-AS1) improved neurological deficit scores, reduced the levels of inflammatory factors, improved brain tissue pathological damage, and raised the number of survival neurons in CA1. LNP-encapsulated si-DLX6-AS1 ameliorated the OGD-induced N2a cell viability decrease and apoptosis rate increase, and ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor) reversed the ameliorative effects of LNP-encapsulated si-DLX6-AS1. In cerebral ischemic injury mice and OGD-induced N2a cells, Nrf2 and HO-1 levels were reduced and NLRP3 levels were increased. LNP-encapsulated si-DLX6-AS1 raised Nrf2 and HO-1 levels and reduced NLRP3 levels. Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 treatment reversed the ameliorative effects of LNP-encapsulated si-DLX6-AS1 on OGD-induced N2a cell viability and apoptosis. Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated si-DLX6-AS1 ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]