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Nanopesticides are considered to be a promising alternative strategy for enhancing bioactivity and delaying the development of pathogen resistance to pesticides. Here, a new type of nanosilica fungicide was proposed and demonstrated to control late blight by inducing intracellular peroxidation damage to Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen associated with potato late blight. Results indicated that the structural features of different silica nanoparticles were largely responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with a 98.02% inhibition rate of P. infestans, causing oxidative stress responses and cell structure damage in P. infestans. For the first time, MSNs were found to selectively induce spontaneous excess production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in pathogenic cells, including hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2–), and singlet oxygen (1O2), leading to peroxidation damage in P. infestans. The effectiveness of MSNs was further tested in the pot experiments as well as leaf and tuber infection, and successful control of potato late blight was achieved with high plant compatibility and safety. This work provides new insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of nanosilica and highlights the use of nanoparticles for controlling late blight with green and highly efficient nanofungicides.

In order to improve the tar quality by decreasing the heavy tar content and ensuring high tar yield, in-situcatalytic upgrading of tar from the integrated process of coal pyrolysis coupled with steam reforming of methane was conducted over carbon (KD-9) based Ni catalyst. The results show that at 650 °C, the tar yield of CP-SRM over 5Ni/KD-9 is 24.4%, which is a little lower than that of without catalyst, while the light tar yield (i.e., 18.9%) is 1.4 times higher than that of without catalyst, and the content of C2, C3and C4alkyl used as a substitute for benzene significantly increases tar yields by 0.5, 0.6 and 4.0 times, respectively. The content of phenols and naphthalenes in tar also increases dramatically after upgrading. Isotope tracer approach combined with the mass spectra of typical components was employed in exploring the mechanism of the upgrading process. The results show that 5Ni/KD-9 catalyzes coal tar cracking and SRM at the same time. Small free radicals such as ·CHx, ·H and ·OH generated by SRM can combine with free radicals from tar cracking, thus avoiding excessive cracking of tar.

A Cd(II)-based metal–organic framework as fluorescent chemical sensor, formulated as {[Cd3(bmipia)2]·10DMF·5H2O}n(FCS-2), was synthesized through a hydrothermal process and structurally characterized via X-ray crystallography. FCS-2represented a new three-dimensional framework assembled from a semi-rigid aromatic carboxylate ligand and exhibited fascinating fluorescence due to the highly crystalline and ordered molecular structure. The emission of FCS-2could be quenched, interestingly, by the presence of trace 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, which indicated that FCS-2can be applied as a potentially sensitive fluorescent chemical sensor for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds.

The development of viable absorbents for highly efficient and selective removal of lead (Pb) ions, which might exist in various waste discharges related to human activities, is considered a long-standing challenge. Current scientific interests reside in achieving material absorbents with high porosity and desired functionality that respectively relate to generally higher Pb(II) uptake and selectivity. In this work, two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMP-2and CMP-3) were rationally designed in which the heterogeneous (large and narrow) pores of these materials were chemically functionalized with cyano and pyridyl groups, respectively. As expected, the activated CMP-2aand CMP-3adisplayed a high Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 62.7 and 93.2 mg g–1, respectively. Of note is that the CMP-3acould selectively uptake Pb(II) (84%) over Cu(II) (40%) and Ni(II) (18.6%) in simulated wastewater. It was demonstrated that the formation of functionalized and heterogeneous pore structures in CMP-3aaccounted for its highly efficient and selective adsorption property toward Pb2+. In addition, CMP-2aand CMP-3acould be easily recovered and regenerated for Pb2+removal from aqueous solutions and exhibited nondetectable cytotoxicity, which were favorable for their applications as viable and safe absorbents for Pb(II) removal in aqueous phases.

Reactions of two halogenated derivatives of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulphone (BPS, 1), tetrabromobisphenol-S (TBBPS, 2), and tetrachlorobisphenol-S (TCBPS, 3), with piperazine (PZ, 4), were investigated by means of the combinational usage of solvothermal and mechanochemical methods. The resultant organic complexes, [(C6H2OBr2)2SO2]·[(C4H10N2)2CH2] (5), [(C6H2OBr2)2SO2]2·(C4H12N2)2·3(CH3OH) (6), [(C6H2OCl2)2SO2]·[(C4H10N2)2CH2] (7), and [(C6H2OCl2)2SO2]2·(C4H12N2)2·3(CH3OH) (8), were fully characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffractions. In the cases of complexes 5and 7that were prepared from solvothermal conditions, a rare metal-free in situligand formation has been observed, in which the new organic molecule 1,2-bispiperazinylmethane was presumably originated from the double C–N coupling of two piperazines on a carbon atom coming from methanol. In addition, the relevant concomitants 6and 8were also isolated from the solutions of 5and 7, respectively. Complexes 6and 8contain 1:1 starting molecules of 2/3with 4assembled into helical structures.

We collected high-quality teleseismic events recorded by 12 broadband seismographs deployed in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas in Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province for nearly two years. The H-κ-cstacking method was employed to obtain the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio distribution, then the characteristics of crustal structure below the stations were obtained by using the time-domain linear inversion method. The crustal thickness in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas ranges from approximately 32 ∼35 ​km, with an average thickness of 33 ​km, which is consistent with the crustal thickness results in South China from previous studies using the receiver function method. The average Poisson's ratio of the crustal bulk composition in the study area varies between 0.22 and 0.25, which is lower than the global value with a 0.27 average, indicating a predominantly intermediate-acidic or felsic crustal composition. There is a weak negative correlation between Poisson's ratio and crustal thickness estimates in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas, suggesting that the absence of mafic-ultramafic materials in the lower crust is associated with the process of crustal delamination. The velocity inversion results indicate that the crustal structure including three velocity discontinuity interfaces, with the first at a depth of approximately 1.5 ​km, the second at about 10 ∼15 ​km, and the third being the Moho. The study also indicates that the results obtained by the H-κ-cstacking method are significantly better than those obtained by the H-κmethod, effectively reducing the standard deviation and dispersion of crustal thickness and vP/vSratio.

A microporous porphyrin-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework, named PFC-5, was precisely designed and successfully constructed. Because of the present of multiple hydrogen bondings and π–π interactions between porphyrinic ligands, PFC-5 possesses a robust framework with excellent water, thermal, and chemical stability. A CO2sorption isotherm demonstrated that PFC-5 possesses permanent microporosity after activation. The obtained material has been explored for highly selective C2light hydrocarbons/CH4separations at room temperature and normal pressure.

Herein we construct a novel three-dimension (3D) hydrogen-bonded organic framework (PFC-2) with a hierarchical meso-microporous structure, which possesses the largest open channels relative to all known HOFs and exhibits highly selective separation of acetylene and ethylene versus methane at ambient atmosphere. Comparison on the adsorption behaviors of PFC-2 and an analogue structure PFC-1 clearly shows that the extensively existed unpaired hydrogen bond acceptor C═O groups in PFC-2 dramatically increase the affinity between gas molecules and frameworks, resulting in high isosteric heats of adsorption (Qst) and better selectivity toward C2hydrocarbons to methane. The study presented here demonstrated an effective strategy to optimize gas adsorption/separation performance of HOF materials.

Visual Programming Languages have been widely adopted in design and comprehension of sophisticated systems. Context-sensitive graph grammar formalisms are suitable tools for specifying these languages, since they are intuitive and possess sufficient expressive power and usability. Nevertheless, some of the formalisms whose contexts are implicitly or incompletely represented in productions, called implicit context-sensitive graph grammars, suffer inherent weakness in intuitiveness and limitations in parsing algorithms. To address these issues, this paper formally presents a notion of context on the underlying concepts of partial and total precedence relations, characterizes their fundamental properties, and establishes a connection between contexts and their instances (also called context graphs elsewhere), based on the Reserved Graph Grammar formalism, a representative of implicit graph grammars. Moreover, three typical applications of contexts are illustrated, which show that contexts can both facilitate the comprehension and design of implicit graph grammars so as to enhance their intuitiveness, and make the existent efficient parsing algorithms more widely applicable.

The engineering of pharmaceutical cocrystals has been effectively utilized to improve the physicochemical properties such as stability and solubility, and thus it could optimize the solid formations of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This work focuses on the sulfamethazine–p-aminobenzoic acid (STH–PABA) cocrystal regulated by molecular synthons constructed from mutual N···H···O interactions. The STH–PABAcocrystal was produced by means of the slow evaporation crystallization method, and the cocrystal structure was determined through X-ray crystallography. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, and NMR were applied to analyze the features of the STH–PABAcocrystal. Special attention was paid to in vitro antibacterial activity and microscopic investigations. Our findings indicated that the formation of cocrystals could enhance the solubility and slightly improve the release behavior of STH, and increase the leaking of bacterial cell inclusion that leads to enhanced antibacterial activity.

To date, there is a general lack of research devoted to light-semiconductive nanoparticle (NP)–syntrophy systems though they are ubiquitous in the earth's near-surface. This study demonstrates for the first time that visible light repressed Geobacterco-cultures, whereas light-excited CdS NPs could alleviate this photo-induced stress. Light-excited CdS NPs generated photoelectron–hole pairs to drive direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) rather than acting as shades or electrical conduits. The mutant studies and RT-qPCR data revealed that the photoelectron-driven DIET needed involvements of cytochromes Gmet_2896 and OmcS, but required fewer of these two key cytochromes than the systems without CdS NPs. Thus, energy consumption for cytochrome biosynthesis was reduced and the photo-induced stress was alleviated. These findings provide a new mechanistic model of DIET between electron-donating and electron-accepting partners, and broaden the knowledge of near-surface biogeochemical processes in nature and interfacial reactions in photocatalytic biotechnologies.

The fundamental research focusing on structural characterizations of drug substances has been developed greatly over the past decade, which has aroused extensive interest in manipulation of enhanced physical properties of drug substances. In this context, the cocrystallization technique has been effectively applied to optimize solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which decide the physicochemical properties, i.e., stability and solubility, of compound medicines on the molecular level. This Perspective focuses on two-component pharmaceutical cocrystals of APIs regulated by supramolecular synthons comprising primary N···H···O interactions, in terms of the synthetic methodology, supramolecular cocrystallization, polymorphism and solvatomorphism, cocrystal growth kinetics, etc. Special attention is paid to supramolecular assembly of APIs based on the stoichiometric ratio, functional group effect, and competing reactions of coformers that are well-defined thanks to the increasing knowledge of crystal engineering concepts.

In this contribution, reflux was demonstrated to be a faster and greener pathway in the synthesis of heterometallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [Li2Sn2(BDC)3(H2O)2]n(LiSn; H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). By means of this method, LiSnsolid materials with various particle sizes and surface morphologies were achieved by simply changing the lithium sources (LiOH, 1, and LiNO3, 2). During the reflux process, the precursors were prone to grow from polyhedral LiSnmaterials, of which the LiOH was preferable to produce uniformly dispersed LiSn-1nanoparticles with smaller sizes. These as-prepared LiSnmaterials possess good thermal stability proven by maintaining their structural crystallinity up to 250 °C. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy suggested band gap energies (Eg) of 3.14 and 2.96 eV for LiSn-1and LiSn-2, respectively, indicating the potential photocatalytic ability of these materials. Visible-light-driven degradation of methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B showing a higher photocatalytic performance in the presence of LiSnrevealed high photocatalytic activity based on a first order kinetic study. Moreover, the LiSn-coated films resulted in the generation of hydrophobic substrate surfaces due to their specific hierarchy hills-and-valley type surface terrain with lotus leaf effects. Of special notice is the LiSn-1-coated stainless steel mesh and 200-mesh filter cloth showing magnificent oil–water separation property. This study discovered a family of bifunctional LiSnmaterials with both photocatalytic activity and super-hydrophobicity, showing great promise in water purification applications.

Natural enzyme mimetics with high catalytic activity at nearly neutral pH values are highly desired for their applications in biological systems. Herein for the first time a stable MOF, namely MOF-808, has been shown to possess high intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions. As a novel peroxidase mimetic, MOF-808 can effectively catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine when H2O2serves as oxidant, accompanied by a significant color variation in the solution. The catalytic activity and the color variation were greatly dependent on H2O2concentration, and thus MOF-808 can be applied to the colorimetric sensing of H2O2. The H2O2detection limit is 4.5 μM, and the linear range is 10 μM to 15 mM. In view of the significant inhibition effect produced by ascorbic acid, a facile and sensitive approach for colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid was successfully established. The AA detection limit is 15 μM, and the linear range is 30–1030 μM. Further investigation found that the catalytic activity of MOF-808 could be mainly ascribed to the Zr–OH(OH2) groups. Such active Zr–OH(OH2) groups can be effectively shielded by gluconic acid, and subsequently the catalytic activity of MOF-808 was significantly suppressed. With these findings, a facile and selective colorimetric assay for glucose sensing has been successfully explored via combination of the glucose oxidation with the TMB oxidation. The glucose detection limit is 5.7 μM, and the linear range is 5.7–1700 μM. MOF-808 is one of the best colorimetric biosensors among the peroxidase mimics reported for H2O2, AA, and glucose detection.

Energy inefficiency is an influential non-functional issue for smartphone applications, causing increased concerns from users. Locating these problems is labor-intensive, thus automated diagnosis tools are in demand. Some existing approaches detect energy inefficiency problems by exploring application states with the JPF framework, and get favorable results. However, the effects of these approaches are restricted because of their imprecise application execution models and incomplete energy inefficiency patterns. This paper introduces NavyDroid, an effective and efficient tool of energy inefficiency problem diagnosis for Android applications. We constructed a comprehensive application execution model in the form of a state machine, which accurately simulates the runtime behavior of Android applications. We designed a parallel algorithm to systematically explore an application’s state space. Our approach supports more energy inefficiency patterns, and is able to detect complicated wake lock misuses. We implemented our approach as a prototype tool and applied it to real-world applications. We evaluated NavyDroid with 19 real-world Android applications, and NavyDroid located more energy inefficiency bugs in these applications than the existing work E-GreenDroid did. Also, NavyDroid reduced the analysis time with its parallel state exploration algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach for detecting energy inefficiency bugs in Android applications.

A Zn(II)-based fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and applied as a highly sensitive and quickly responsive chemical sensor for antibiotic detection in simulated wastewater. The fluorescent chemical sensor, denoted FCS-1, exhibited enhanced fluorescence derived from its highly ordered, 3D MOF structure as well as excellent water stability in the practical pH range of simulated antibiotic wastewater (pH = 3.0–9.0). Remarkably, FCS-1was able to effectively detect a series of sulfonamide antibiotics via photoinduced electron transfer that caused detectable fluorescence quenching, with fairly low detection limits. Two influences impacting measurements related to wastewater treatment and water quality monitoring, the presence of heavy-metal ions and the pH of solutions, were studied in terms of fluorescence quenching, which was nearly unaffected in sulfonamide-antibiotic detection. Additionally, the effective detection of sulfonamide antibiotics was rationalized by the theoretical computation of the energy bands of sulfonamide antibiotics, which revealed a good match between the energy bands of FCS-1and sulfonamide antibiotics, in connection with fluorescence quenching in this system.

A conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) material was designed with pore function of cyano and pyridyl groups that act as potential binding sites for Ag+ion capture. Ultrafine silver nanoparticles (less than 5 nm) were successfully supported on the predesigned CMP material to afford Ag0@CMP composite materials by means of a simple liquid impregnation and light-induced reduction method. Spherical Ag0nanoparticles with a statistical mean diameter of ca. 3.9 nm were observed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag0@CMP composite materials were consequently exploited as high-performance nanocatalysts for the reduction of nitrophenols, a family of priority pollutants, at various temperatures and ambient pressure. Moreover, the composite nanocatalysts feature convenient recovery and excellent reusability. This work presents an efficient platform to achieve ultrafine metal nanoparticles immobilized on porous supports with predominant catalytic properties by virtue of the structural design and spatial confinement effect available for conjugated microporous polymers.

Oxidative decomposition of polystyrene (PS) by insects has been previously demonstrated, yet little is known about the oxidation mechanism and its effect on the metabolism of plastics within the insect gut. Here, we demonstrate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gut of superworms (Zophobas atratuslarvae) under different feeding trails, which in turn induced the oxidative decomposition of ingested PS. The ROS were commonly generated in the larva gut, and PS consumption resulted in a significant increase of ROS with a maximum ·OH of 51.2 μmol/kg, which was five times higher than in the bran feeding group. Importantly, scavenging of ROS significantly decreased the oxidative depolymerization of PS, indicating a vital role of ROS in effective PS degradation in the gut of superworms. Further investigation suggested that the oxidative depolymerization of PS was caused by the combinatorial effect of ROS and extracellular oxidases of gut microbes. These results demonstrate that ROS were extensively produced within the intestinal microenvironment of insect larvae, which greatly favored the digestion of ingested bio-refractory polymers. This work provides new insights into the underlying biochemical mechanisms of plastic degradation in the gut.

The textural properties and surface chemistry of phosphoric acid-modified biochars (PABCs) prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (500–700 °C) were studied based on the results obtained from XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman, XPS and elements analyses. PABCs prepared at higher temperatures tended to possess a bigger proportion of microporous structure. The adsorption capacity and initial rate of PABCs for sulfadiazine (SDZ) were notably improved to 139.2 mg/g and 9.66 mg/(g min) as calculated from the Langmuir model. The adsorption equilibrium time was only one quarter of that without modification. The H3PO4modification was advantageous to produce phosphate and break functional groups to form disordered carbon structure abundant of micropores. The enhancement in the adsorption of SDZ was due to the confinement effect of hydrophobic cavities from the mircoporous structure and the π–π electron–donor–acceptor interaction. Specially, PABCs exhibited stable adsorption capacities at a wide pH range (3.0–9.0) or relatively high concentrations of coexisting ions.

Using records of continuous seismic waveforms from 609 broadband seismic stations in the South China Block and its adjacent areas in 2010–2012, empirical Green’s functions of surface waves were obtained from cross-correlation functions of ambient noise data between these stations. High quality phase velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves were obtained using time-frequency analysis. These interstation dispersion curves were then inverted to build Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps at periods of 6–50 s. The results of phase velocity maps indicate that phase velocities at 6–10 s periods are correlated with the geological features in the upper crust. Major basins and small-scale grabens and basins display slow velocity anomalies; while most of the orogenic belts and the fold belts display high velocity anomalies. With the gravity gradient zone along Taihang Mountain to Wuling Mountain as the boundary for the phase velocity maps at period of 20–30 s, the western area mainly displays low velocity anomalies, while the eastern side shows high velocity anomalies. Phase velocities in the eastern South China Block south to the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt is higher than that in the eastern North China Block to the north, which is possibly due to the differences of tectonic mechanisms between the North China Craton and the South China Block. The phase velocities at periods of 40–50 s are possibly related to the lateral variations of the velocity structure in the lower crust and upper mantle: The low-velocity anomalies in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau are caused by the thick crust; while the Sichuan Basin and the southern part of the Ordos Basin display distinct high-velocity anomalies, reflecting the stable features of the lithosphere in these blocks. The lateral variation pattern of phase velocities in the southern part of the South China Block is not consistent with the surface trace of the block boundary in the eastern Yunnan Province and its vicinities. The phase velocities in the Sichuan Basin are overall slow at short periods and gradually increase with period from the central part to the edge of the basin, indicating the features of shallower basement in the center and overall stable lithospheric mantle of the basin. The middle and upper crust of the southern Ordos Basin in the North China Block is heterogeneous, while in lower crust and the uppermost mantle the phase velocities mainly exhibit high anomalies. High-velocity anomalies are widespread at the middle of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, as well as the areas in southeastern Guangxi with Caledonian granite explosion, but its detailed mechanism is still unclear.

Reaxgen program for the pyrolysis mechanism of cycloalkanes was adopted to simulate the heat sink of substituted cyclohexanes. Thermal cracking of cyclohexanes was performed to examine the cracking performance, wherein the substituent effects were detailedly discussed under supercritical condition. It was found that Reaxgen program played a good part in the screening and optimization of cyclohexanes. A good agreement with the experimental data for the mono-substituted and bi-substituted cyclohexanes was demonstrated, however, some deviation for the tri-substituted cyclohexanes were observed. The experiment results indicated that the gaseous product yield increased sharply for mono-substituted cyclohexanes with short substituents containing no more than two carbons. Nevertheless, continuous increase in the alkyl chain depressed the gaseous product yield smoothly. The cyclic substituent dramatically inhibited the pyrolysis of cyclohexanes. All the substituents but cyclohexyl had no obvious effect on the yield of hydrogen and olefins (≤C4). For bi-substituted cyclohexanes, the more close the distance between the two substituents, the higher the gaseous product yield was obtained. However, opposite result on the selectivity to hydrogen and olefins (≤C4) was generally obtained except 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane. The position of tri-substituents acted little significance on the gaseous product yield, as well as the selectivity to hydrogen and olefins (≤C4).

To explore whether acupuncture intervention can reduce the concurrent omalgia of ischemic stroke patients and initially explore the feasibility of follow-up research on long-term acupuncture.

Internetware is envisioned as a new software paradigm for software development in platforms such as the Internet. The reliability of the developed software becomes a key challenge due to the open, dynamic and uncertain nature of such environment. To make the development more reliable, it is necessary to evaluate the trustworthiness of the resource providers or potential working partners. To this end, we propose a novel trust inference approach to evaluating the trustworthiness of potential partners to guide the software development in Internetware. The main insight of our approach is to employ the self-assessment information in order to improve the trust inference accuracy. Especially, we first extend the balance theory and the status theory from social science to incorporate self-assessment, and then propose a machine learning framework to extract several features from the extended theories and infer trustworthiness scores based on these features. Experimental results on a real software developer network show that the self-assessment information truly helps to improve the accuracy of trust inference, and the proposed SelfTrust model is more accurate than other state-of-the-art methods.

The bioactivity of two plant extract mixtures on Lasioderma serricorne adults were investigated. As biomateriasls, the two plant extract mixtures had potent contact toxicity and fumigant toxicity against L. serricorne adults, which significantly increased with increasing treatment dosages. The toxicity of plant extract mixtureⅡ was stronger than that of plant extract mixture. For the contact toxicity, the LD50 values of plant extract mixtureⅠ and plant extract mixture Ⅱ were 2.89 and 1.37 µL/cm2, respectively. For the fumigant toxicity, the LD50 values of plant extract mixtureⅠ and plant extract mixture Ⅱ were 284.42 and 82.95 µL/L air, respectively.

The absorption of CO2 with ethanolamine (MEA) was studied in this paper, and proper additives such as piperazine (PZ) and N- methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were mixed in different proportion to the main reacting substance. The performance of absorbents with different formula were studied by analyzing and comparing the characteristic indexes of absorbents, including absorption rate, regeneration temperature, absorption capacity of CO2, and regeneration degree. The results have been shown that aqueous solutions added PZ could increase absorption rate and improve absorption capacity than that of MDEA, and Aqueous solutions added MDEA could decrease regeneration energy and improve regeneration degree than that of PZ. The formular of 16%MEA+4%PZ could be the most suitable absorbent of CO2 in the study.

The bioactivity of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract was investigated on eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Lasioderma serricorne. C. cassia bark extract had potent fumigant toxicity against different developing stages of L. serricorne, and the toxicity increased significantly with the increasing exposure dosage. Larvae and adults of L. serricorne were much more susceptible to the C. cassia bark extract than eggs and pupae. The corrected mortality of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults reached 33.42%, 96.21%, 31.75% and 93.68% at a dosage of 40 µL/L air after 48 h exposure, respectively. The declining order of susceptibility of different development stages of L. serricorne to C. cassia bark extract was as follows: larvae（LD50= 10.12 µL/L air）, adults（LD50= 11.03 µL/L air）, pupae（LD50= 56.46 µL/L air）and eggs（LD50= 92.35 µL/L air）. These results indicate that C. cassia bark extract have huge potential as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the integrated pest management of L. serricorne in future.

The essential oil was extracted by Soxhlet method with anhydrous diethyl ether from Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) bark, a traditional Chinese herbal plant, and its repellent and its fumigant activity was investigated against Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius）(Coleoptera: Anobiidae) adults. A. altissima bark oil had extremely strong repellent activity against L. serricorne adults with the percentage repellency 93.7, 87.8 and 76.1% after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure, respectively. A. altissima bark oil also possessed high fumigant activity against L. serricorne adults with the corrected percentage mortality 100% at 8 µL/L air within 48 h exposure.

The microstructure characteristics of an Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel after deformation are investigated. The results show that the hot-rolled, cold-rolled and then annealed sample of the Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel has excellent mechanical properties, and the true stress-true strain curve from tension tests exhibits repeated serrations. The deformed microstructure exhibits the typical planar glide characteristics such as no cell formation, dislocation pile-ups on a single slip plane, mechanical twins and stacking faults. There are equiaxial and deep dimple structures in the fractograph, indicative of a ductile fracture. Microcracks initiate from inclusions and twin-twin intersections. Deformation and fracture processes are the formation, growth and coalescence of microvoids.

A series of isostructural lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) formulated as [Ln4(BPT)4(DMF)2(H2O)8]·(DMF)5·(H2O)3{BPT = biphenyl‐3,4′,5‐tricarboxylate, Ln = Eu(1), Gd(2), Tb (3), Dy (4), Ho (5), or Er (6)} have beenhydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that these complexes are isomorphous and isostructural, and each forms a three‐dimensional structure possessing one‐dimensional channels filled with lattice and coordinated water and DMF molecules. They show framework dynamics upon dehydration and rehydration. When heated above 220 °C for four hours, the crystallinity of the as‐prepared hydrated materials degrades completely to the amorphous dehydrated phases, but the structure is restored upon rehydration. Photoluminescence measurements show that complexes 1and 3are highly emissive at room temperature with quantum yields of 14.4 % and 60.9 %, respectively, but the yields unexpectedly fall to 5.2 % and 32.6 % after thermal treatment. The recovery of the quantum yields upon rehydration indicates that guest molecules enhance the luminescence rather than quench it. Results of magnetic measurements indicate that all complexes display antiferromagnetic behavior.

The microstructure characteristics of an Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel after deformation are investigated. The results show that the hot-rolled, cold-rolled and then annealed sample of the Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel has excellent mechanical properties, and the true stress-true strain curve from tension tests exhibits repeated serrations. The deformed microstructure exhibits the typical planar glide characteristics such as no cell formation, dislocation pile-ups on a single slip plane, mechanical twins and stacking faults. There are equiaxial and deep dimple structures in the fractograph, indicative of a ductile fracture. Microcracks initiate from inclusions and twin-twin intersections. Deformation and fracture processes are the formation, growth and coalescence of microvoids.

Three lanthanide coordination polymers constructed from infinite rod‐shaped secondary building units (SBUs), [Nd2(H2O)2(cis‐chdc)2(trans‐chdc)]⋅2H2O (1), Nd2(H2O)4(trans‐chdc)3(2), and [Sm2(H2O)2(cis‐chdc)(trans‐chdc)2]⋅4H2O (3) (chdcH2=1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The structures of 1–3are modulated by different ratios of the cisand transconfigurations of chdc2−ligands, which was achieved by temperature control in the hydrothermal reactions. Crystal‐structure analysis revealed that 1is a four‐connected pcu‐type rod packing network built from cross‐linking of rod‐shaped neodymium–oxygen SBUs by cis‐ and trans‐chdc2−ligands in a 2:1 ratio, 2displays a complicated six‐connected hex‐type rod packing structure built by connection of rod‐shaped neodymium–oxygen SBUs and trans‐chdc2−ligands, and 3features an unprecedented five‐connected rod packing pattern constructed from rod‐shaped samarium–oxygen SBUs and cis‐ and trans‐chdc2−ligands in a 1:2 ratio.