63 results on '"Kwan, Mei‐Po"'
Search Results
2. Assessing changes in job accessibility and commuting time under bike-sharing scenarios
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Wang, Jianying, Kwan, Mei-Po, Cao, Wenpu, Gong, Yongxi, Guo, Liang, and Liu, Yu
- Abstract
Bike-sharing improves individual mobility, considerably reshaping the landscape of job accessibility and commuting time. Existing empirical studies in urban transportation involving commuting usually collect survey data at the aggregate level. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of bike-sharing on commuting and job accessibility at the city level is still missing in developing countries. Using mobile phone data in Beijing, this study addresses these questions with a commuting mode model and cumulative accessibility model. The results indicate that bike-sharing could lead to a decrease in commuting time and an increase in job accessibility. The availability of bike-sharing services has a positive relationship with its effectiveness. Meanwhile, bike-sharing significantly reduces the horizontal and vertical inequality in commuting time and job accessibility at both the individual and spatial levels. These findings provide insights into the popularity of bike-sharing in China, shed light on the equity influence of bike-sharing, and provide a quantitative measurement of the benefit of bike-sharing.
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- 2024
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3. Order dispatch optimization with considering flexible one-to-three matching strategy under hybrid ride-hailing service modes.
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Li, Xuefeng, Du, Mingyang, and Kwan, Mei-Po
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RIDESHARING services ,HAIL ,SUPPLY & demand ,INTEGER programming - Abstract
In practice, the ride-hailing platform generally provides two products: express services and ridesplitting services, and driver resources are usually shared across these two products on the supply side, i.e., hybrid ride-hailing mode. This study tackles the order dispatch problem with considering flexible one-to-three matching strategy under hybrid modes. In this problem, if a driver serves express requests, only one order can be matched with; if a driver serves ridesplitting requests, this driver can be matched with at most three orders simultaneously or sequentially. Considering one-to-three matching, en-route matching, and multiple passengers per order, this problem is formulated as a multi-objective integer programming, a hierarchical approach is adopted to address it. Using the ride-hailing trip data, we examine characteristics of this problem, such as the impact of service priority and the benefits of one-to-three matching. Finally, some beneficial management implications are proposed to improve the operation of the ride-hailing service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Order dispatch optimization with considering flexible one-to-three matching strategy under hybrid ride-hailing service modes
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Li, Xuefeng, Du, Mingyang, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Abstract
ABSTRACTIn practice, the ride-hailing platform generally provides two products: express services and ridesplitting services, and driver resources are usually shared across these two products on the supply side, i.e., hybrid ride-hailing mode. This study tackles the order dispatch problem with considering flexible one-to-three matching strategy under hybrid modes. In this problem, if a driver serves express requests, only one order can be matched with; if a driver serves ridesplitting requests, this driver can be matched with at most three orders simultaneously or sequentially. Considering one-to-three matching, en-route matching, and multiple passengers per order, this problem is formulated as a multi-objective integer programming, a hierarchical approach is adopted to address it. Using the ride-hailing trip data, we examine characteristics of this problem, such as the impact of service priority and the benefits of one-to-three matching. Finally, some beneficial management implications are proposed to improve the operation of the ride-hailing service.
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- 2023
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5. Racial/Ethnic Inequity in Transit-Based Spatial Accessibility to COVID-19 Vaccination Sites
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Liu, Dong, Kwan, Mei-Po, Kan, Zihan, Song, Yimeng, and Li, Xuefeng
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With the ongoing spread of COVID-19, vaccination stands as an effective measure to control and mitigate the impact of the disease. However, due to the unequal distribution of COVID-19 vaccination sites, people can have different levels of spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination. This study adopts an improved gravity-based model to measure the racial/ethnic inequity in transit-based spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. The results show that Black-majority and Hispanic-majority neighborhoods have significantly lower transit-based spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites compared to White-majority neighborhoods. This research concludes that minority-dominated inner-city neighborhoods, despite better public transit coverage, are still disadvantaged in terms of transit-based spatial accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination sites. This is probably due to their higher population densities, which increase the competition for the limited supply of COVID-19 vaccination sites within each catchment area.
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- 2023
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6. Place qualities, sense of place and subjective well-being: a study of two typical urban neighbourhoods in Hong Kong
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Ng, Mee Kam, Yeung, Tsz Chun, Kwan, Mei-Po, Tieben, Hendrik, Lau, Tony Yuk Tai, Zhu, Jiageng, and Xu, Ying
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the interrelationships of place qualities, people’s sense of place and subjective well-being in the ultra-high-density environment of urban Hong Kong. We argue that place qualities affect people’s sense of place that predicts their subjective well-being. The study develops two scales on place qualities and sense of place, and develops five hypotheses. A total of 814 questionnaire responses were obtained from two urban neighbourhoods in the city, 399 from the elderly (aged 65 or above) and 415 from other adults (aged 18–64). The results reveal a positive relationship between people’s assessment of place qualities and their sense of place: public and community spaces are prominent predictors of a stronger sense of place; people who have lived longer in the community show a stronger sense of place; people having a stronger sense of place display greater emotional well-being; and people who have a stronger affective and behavioural sense of place also demonstrate greater social and psychological well-being. The research findings have significant implications for urban planning and design practices in high-density urban forms, underlining the importance of place qualities, especially socio-petal spaces for people’s sense of place. Sense of place is a good predictor of people’s multi-faceted subjective well-being.
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- 2022
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7. Comparing subjective and objective greenspace accessibility: Implications for real greenspace usage among adults.
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Liu, Dong, Kwan, Mei-Po, Yang, Zhenchuan, and Kan, Zihan
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OLDER people ,ADULTS ,QUALITY of life ,URBAN planners ,RISK perception ,WELL-being - Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between subjective greenspace perception and objective greenspace accessibility as well as the significant factors associated with higher real greenspace usage based on survey data collected in Hong Kong. The results reveal that there is no statistically significant relationship between subjective greenspace perception and objective greenspace accessibility. In terms of the factors contributing to higher real greenspace usage, we found that males tend to utilize greenspaces more frequently than females, while older individuals exhibit a higher frequency of engagement with greenspaces compared to younger individuals. Subjective greenspace perception emerged as a significant predictor of greenspace usage patterns, indicating the importance of creating attractive, safe, and inclusive greenspaces. However, objective greenspace accessibility did not have a significant correlation with actual greenspace usage, highlighting the importance of perceptions in affecting individual decisions on greenspace usage. These findings provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in creating gender-inclusive and age-friendly greenspaces that meet the diverse needs and preferences of the population, ultimately contributing to the well-being and quality of life in Hong Kong and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Impacts of street tree abundance, greenery, structure and management on residential house prices in New York City.
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Lin, Jian, Huang, Bo, Wang, Qiang, Chen, Min, Lee, Harry F., and Kwan, Mei-Po
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Urban trees have been widely linked to residential house prices. However, most existing studies focus on using tree abundance and greenery measures to evaluate the economic benefits of urban trees, while disregarding the effects of tree structure and tree-related management such as intentional maintenance and stewardship. We hypothesize that tree abundance, greenery, structure, and tree-related management are associated with house prices through offering local benefits that accrue to private homeowners and providing desirable living environments. We take street trees in New York City (NYC) as a case study to test the hypothesis. We first derived street tree canopy cover from high-resolution satellite images, street greenery from Google Street View, and street tree structure (e.g., species diversity, tree size, and tree health) and streetscape management variables (e.g., tree stewardship, tree guards that are a man-made structure to protect trees and enhance tree growth, and sidewalk damages adjacent to street trees) from the 2015–2016 street tree census data in NYC. We then built spatial hedonic price models to examine the associations between the above-mentioned street tree variables and residential house prices, after controlling for a variety of covariates. We found that HPMs that incorporate street tree structure and streetscape management offer stronger explanatory power than the one with only street tree abundance. Among the street tree-related variables we considered, tree canopy cover, green view index, tree stewardship and tree guards are statistically associated with increased house prices, while there are no such relationships for species richness, trees' health status and streetscape sidewalk damages. More research is needed to understand the potential mechanisms and causal pathways that urban tree abundance, structure, and management affect residential house prices. • Street tree structure and management are critical for evaluating economic benefits of trees. • Increased tree abundance and greenery are associated with higher house prices. • Tree stewardship and tree guards are statistically associated with increased house prices. • Our findings can incentivize the private sector investment and facilitate civic engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. An exploratory assessment of the effectiveness of geomasking methods on privacy protection and analytical accuracy for individual-level geospatial data
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Wang, Jue, Kim, Junghwan, and Kwan, Mei-Po
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ABSTRACTThe widespread use of personal geospatial data raises serious geoprivacy concerns for sharing these data, which may limit the reproducibility of research findings. One widely used method for securely sharing confidential geospatial information is applying geomasking techniques before sharing. Geomasking may reduce the usability of the data. Thus, researchers need to strike a balance between privacy protection and analytical accuracy. Although many geomasking methods have been proposed, there is no systematic evaluation of these methods or guidance on which method to use and how to apply it properly. To address this gap, we evaluate eight geomasking methods with simulated geospatial data with various spatial patterns and investigate their performance on privacy protection and analytical accuracy. We propose not only a set of preliminary guidelines for applying the proper geomasking methods when using different spatial analysis methods but also an evaluation framework for assessing geomasking methods for other spatial analysis methods. The findings will help researchers to properly apply geomasking for sensitive geospatial data and thus promote data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration while protecting personal geoprivacy.
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- 2022
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10. Living with urban sounds: Understanding the effects of human mobilities on individual sound exposure and psychological health.
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Kou, Lirong, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Chai, Yanwei
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AUDITORY perception ,CITY dwellers ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,COMMUNITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure - Abstract
• This study uses geo-narrative analysis to examine individuals' sound exposures and perceptions during their daily mobilities. • Daily mobilities are understood as actual movements and potentials for movements shaped by space–time constraints. • Data were collected using a mixed-method approach in a suburban community in Beijing, China. • Individuals' daily mobilities influence their sound exposures, psychological responses, and coping strategies differently. People's exposure to high levels of sound leads to psychological annoyance and stress. This study seeks to understand and conceptualize how human daily mobilities influence urban residents' sound exposure and psychological health involving annoyance and stress in their everyday lives. Human daily mobilities are understood as people's daily movement patterns and potentials for movements. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from 32 participants in a mixed-housing community in suburban Beijing in China. Each participant carried a portable sound sensor and a GPS tracker and recorded activity-travel diaries for a weekday and a weekend day to track their daily space–time trajectories, measured sound levels, and details of each daily activity and trip. Further, in-depth interviews were conducted to understand participants' perceptions of urban sounds and psychological health during their daily movements. Geo-narrative analysis was used to integrate these multiple data sources and gain an in-depth understanding of participants' daily mobilities, individual sound exposures, and perceptions of sound and psychological health. This exploratory study finds that urban residents are exposed to different sound levels and sources in multiple urban geographic contexts in the course of their day. Further, this study identifies how socially vulnerable and susceptible residents encounter difficulties in escaping from high levels of sound in different urban contexts due to their space–time constraints. This study not only enriches the knowledge of how human daily mobilities can influence individual-based sound exposure and psychological health. It also highlights the need to provide better sonic environments for socially vulnerable and susceptible groups in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Analyzing income-based inequality in transit nodal accessibility
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Liu, Dong, Kwan, Mei-Po, Huang, Jianwei, Kan, Zihan, Song, Yimeng, and Li, Xuefeng
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•This study examines the income-based inequality in transit nodal accessibility in Hong Kong.•It uses and compres the results obtained with the Gini coefficient and the 20:20 ratio.•The results indicate that the Gini coefficient cannot reveal the inequality between the richest and poorest of the population.•The 20:20 ratio can complement such inadequacy and inform policymakers to develop suitable mitigation measures.
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- 2022
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12. Mobility census for monitoring rapid urban development
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Xiu, Gezhi, Wang, Jianying, Gross, Thilo, Kwan, Mei-Po, Peng, Xia, and Liu, Yu
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Monitoring urban structure and development requires high-quality data at high spatio-temporal resolution. While traditional censuses have provided foundational insights into demographic and socio-economic aspects of urban life, their pace may not always align with the pace of urban development. To complement these traditional methods, we explore the potential of analysing alternative big-data sources, such as human mobility data. However, these often noisy and unstructured big data pose new challenges. Here, we propose a method to extract meaningful explanatory variables and classifications from such data. Using movement data from Beijing, which are produced as a by-product of mobile communication, we show that meaningful features can be extracted, revealing, for example, the emergence and absorption of subcentres. This method allows the analysis of urban dynamics at a high-spatial resolution (here 500 m) and near real-time frequency, and high computational efficiency, which is especially suitable for tracing event-driven mobility changes and their impact on urban structures.
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- 2024
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13. Investigating the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) in greenspace exposure: A study in Beijing.
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Wang, Jianying, Kwan, Mei-Po, Xiu, Gezhi, Peng, Xia, and Liu, Yu
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URBAN planning ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,URBAN health ,HEALTH equity ,WELL-being ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,CITY dwellers - Abstract
• The paper investigated the NEAP in greenspace exposure and found its prevalence. • It unveiled distinct spatial patterns of exposure differences between RME and MBE. • It examined individual mobility patterns' impact on the NEAP and exposure assessments. • It identified sociodemographic disparities in greenspace exposure assessments due to the NEAP. • The results can inform targeted interventions on equitable greenspace policies. Urban greenspaces are pivotal in enhancing the well-being and health of city residents. Accurate assessment of an individual's exposure to these natural settings is thus crucial in urban greenspace planning. However, the dynamic nature of human mobility, which determines the amount of greenspace exposure accessed over time and space, often leads to a divergence between the actual Mobility-Based Exposure (MBE) and the traditional Residence-Based Exposure (RBE). This discrepancy, encapsulated as the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP), prompted us to examine the bias introduced by such discrepancy and its association with various human-based factors. This study delves into the complex interplay among the NEAP, individual mobility patterns, and demographic characteristics with fine-resolution estimations in Beijing, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of the NEAP's influence. Uncovering heterogeneous patterns of disparity between RBE and MBE across distinct geographical realms and sociodemographic cohorts, and how such effects are mediated by populations with diverse mobility traits, the study illuminates the prevalence and complexity of the NEAP. Younger individuals, the employed population, those with larger activity spaces, high visitation diversity, and travel frequency, and residents living in areas with significant deviations from mean RBE levels experience a more pronounced NEAP impact. These insights contribute to a holistic grasp of the NEAP and underscore the imperative of inclusive greenspace urban planning that caters to the diverse mobility patterns and disparities among residents from different demographic groups, offering invaluable guidance for policy interventions to amplify greenspace exposure and address health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. The effects of activity-related contexts on individual sound exposures: A time–geographic approach to soundscape studies
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Kou, Lirong, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Chai, Yanwei
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Noise is an ever-growing problem in cities. Conventional noise mitigation approaches may not necessarily control noise pollution, since whether a sound is perceived as noise is largely influenced by its specific contexts. Based on an activity-centric framework, this study examines the effects of activity-related contexts and measured sound levels based on individuals’ sound evaluations as they undertake daily activities at different geographic locations and times. Data for the study were collected from 33 participants in Chicago (USA) using Global Positioning System-equipped mobile phones, portable sound sensors, and activity diaries. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to examine the relationships among measured sound levels, sound evaluations, and activity-related contexts for each recorded activity of the participants. The results indicate that activity-related contexts significantly influence individuals’ sound evaluations as they perform their daily activities. When activity-related contexts are taken into account, the measured sound levels that individuals experienced when performing an activity are no longer significant in influencing their sound evaluations. These results support the notion that sound is not only a physical feature but also a socio-psychological construct. It is crucial to adopt a human-centric and context-aware approach in urban planning through understanding the circumstances in which a sound is perceived as noise. Such an approach would help improve sound-related urban environments and construct livable and healthy cities.
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- 2021
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15. Does real-time and perceived environmental exposure to air pollution and noise affect travel satisfaction? evidence from Beijing, China
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Ma, Jing, Liu, Guanqiu, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Chai, Yanwei
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•Transportation mode affects micro-environmental exposure and travel satisfaction.•Different social groups bear unequal burden of air pollution and noise during daily travels.•Air pollution and noise influence travel satisfaction through different pathways.•Socio-economic variables mainly explain the variations in life satisfaction rather than momentary wellbeing.
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- 2021
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16. Unraveling adaptive changes in electric vehicle charging behavior toward the postpandemic era by federated meta-learning
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You, Linlin, Zhu, Rui, Kwan, Mei-Po, Chen, Min, Zhang, Fan, Yang, Bisheng, Wong, Man Sing, and Qin, Zheng
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- 2024
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17. Real-time taxi spatial anomaly detection based on vehicle trajectory prediction
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Hu, Wenyan, Li, Mengya, Kwan, Mei-Po, Luo, Haifeng, and Chen, Bingkun
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Taxi services have long faced difficulties with unethical taxi drivers taking detours, especially when passengers are unfamiliar with their surroundings. Therefore, it is important to monitor taxis’ operation to enhance the quality of taxi services. In this paper, we mainly study the anomaly detection of taxi trajectories in the spatial dimension with a novel taxi anomaly detection framework based on real-time vehicle trajectory prediction. The framework is termed as TAPSand consists of two stages: the offline training stage and the online anomaly detection stage. In the first stage, a vehicle prediction model is established by training recommended routes provided by a navigation platform to predict a taxi’s next locations. The second step is to detect the taxi’s anomalous trajectories by measuring the consistency between its current and predicted positions as well as the relationship between these two positions and the origin. The effectiveness and timeliness of TAPSare evaluated in a real-world case study. The experiment results show that compared with two baselines, TAPSachieves greater Accuracy, Precisionand F1 scoreto detect anomalous trajectories. This proposed framework can serve as a fundamental tool to detect anomalous trajectories for taxi passengers and companies.
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- 2024
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18. Developing the 15-Minute City: A comprehensive assessment of the status in Hong Kong
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Liu, Dong, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Wang, Jianying
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•This study proposes a holistic 15-minute city index in Hong Kong.•The index incorporates the accessibility to five essential urban functions by active travel.•The historical population centers of Kowloon and Hong Kong Island have the highest 15-minute accessibility.•The neighborhoods in the new towns in the New Territories largely lag behind.
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- 2024
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19. How do people perceive the disclosure risk of maps? Examining the perceived disclosure risk of maps and its implications for geoprivacy protection
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Kim, Junghwan, Kwan, Mei-Po, Levenstein, Margaret C., and Richardson, Douglas B.
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ABSTRACTThis research examines how people subjectively perceive the disclosure risk of a map using original data collected in an online survey with 856 participants. The results indicate that perceived disclosure risk increases as the amount of locational information displayed on a map increases. Compared to point-based maps, perceived disclosure risk is significantly lower for kernel density maps, convex hull maps, and standard deviational ellipse maps. The results also revealed that perceived disclosure risk is affected by map scale and the presence of information of other people on a map. For geomasking methods, perceived disclosure risk decreases as aggregation level increases and as relocation distance increases. However, aggregation methods (point to polygon) are more effective in preventing the re-identification of individuals when compared to relocation methods (point to point). Lastly, the perceived disclosure risk of a map that displays socially-vulnerable people is significantly higher than that of a map that displays non-vulnerable groups. Specifically, a map displaying the private locations of elementary school students has the highest perceived disclosure risk. Based on the results, a set of geoprivacy protection guidelines for mapping people’s private locations to minimize people’s perceived disclosure risk is proposed. Implications for mapping infectious diseases like the COVID-19 are also discussed.
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- 2021
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20. Unveiling cabdrivers’ dining behavior patterns for site selection of ‘taxi canteen’ using taxi trajectory data
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Zhao, Pengxiang, Liu, Xintao, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Shi, Wenzhong
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ABSTRACTIn recent years, some big cities in China have established a number of ‘taxi canteens,’ which are special cafeterias intended only for cabdrivers to dine and rest. To dine and rest at the appropriate time is one of the most concerned problems for cabdrivers, since long dining delay may affect their health and driving safety, and arbitrary parking for dining will be fined and may even cause dangerous traffic accidents. The establishment of ‘taxi canteens’ is expected to mitigate these problems. But little has been done to examine and optimize the site selection of taxi canteens. This paper presents a data-driven approach to allocate ‘taxi canteens’ throughout a city with the main objective of minimizing the total distance between all dining demand locations identified from taxi GPS trajectories and the corresponding closest ‘taxi canteen’ locations. We propose a dining event detection method that considers four features using support vector machine and further identifies the spatiotemporal patterns of cabdrivers’ dining. A constrained optimization model is proposed to select locations for ‘taxi canteens.’ A case study is conducted in Wuhan, China, to evaluate how the identification of cabdrivers’ dining behavior patterns can support the site selection of ‘taxi canteens.’ The results indicate that the proposed method has superior performance.
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- 2020
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21. Special Issue on Spatiotemporal Big Data Analytics for Transportation Applications
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Chen, Bi Yu and Kwan, Mei-Po
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- 2020
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22. Measuring spatial mismatch and job access inequity based on transit-based job accessibility for poor job seekers
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Liu, Dong and Kwan, Mei-Po
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•This study assess spatial mismatch based on job accessibility that takes transit fare into account.•The results obtained from including transit fare are quite different from those that considered travel time only.•The patterns of differences in spatial mismatch and job access inequity are complex.•To fully inform policymakers about spatial mismatch, it is important to take both travel time and transit fare into account.
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- 2020
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23. The impacts of urbanization on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations: Empirical evidence from 135 countries worldwide.
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Wang, Qiang, Kwan, Mei-Po, Zhou, Kan, Fan, Jie, Wang, Yafei, and Zhan, Dongsheng
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PARTICULATE matter ,URBANIZATION ,ECONOMIC development ,CARBON dioxide mitigation ,INDUSTRIALIZATION - Abstract
Abstract Few attempts have been made to systematically investigate the impacts of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentrations in countries at different stages of economic development. In this study, a broad concept of urbanization that considers the transformations in the urban economy and the transport sector induced by urbanization is proposed to investigate the influence of urbanization on national PM 2.5 concentrations for underdeveloped, developing and developed countries during 1998–2014. The results indicate that urbanization has a significant relationship with PM 2.5 concentrations, but the magnitude of its influence varies among groups of countries with different development levels. First, the positive response of PM 2.5 concentrations to increased urbanization and transport-related emissions in underdeveloped countries are noticeably stronger than that in developing and developed countries. Second, for developing countries, urbanization, transport-related emissions and industrialization all have a significant positive effect on national PM 2.5 concentrations increase, although their impacts are unexpectedly smaller than those in the other groups of countries. Finally, increasing urbanization and the decrease in CO 2 emissions from manufacturing industry appear to reduce national average PM 2.5 concentrations in developed countries, while the decrease in transport-related CO 2 emission is likely to cause the rise in national average PM 2.5 concentrations. Graphical abstract To comprehensively understand the impacts of urbanization on PM 2.5 concentrations in countries at different stages of economic development, a new research framework that focuses on three dimensions in a broader concept of urbanization, including population migration, economic transformation, and motorized transportation, was established. Image 1 Highlights • Urbanization has a significant relationship with PM 2.5 concentrations, but its magnitude varies among regions. • The response of PM 2.5 concentrations to increased urbanization in underdeveloped group are noticeably higher. • For developing countries, impacts of all factors are smaller than in developed countries. • Increased urbanization and transport emission in developed countries have a negative impact on PM 2.5 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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24. Exploring the effects of urban spatial structure on green space in Chinese cities proper.
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Han, Shuaishuai, Kwan, Mei-Po, Miao, Changhong, and Sun, Bindong
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CITIES & towns ,PUBLIC spaces ,URBAN planning ,AIR purification - Abstract
The process of urbanization has led to the agglomeration of population in cities and the transformation of rural landscapes into impermeable surfaces, leaving green spaces severely eroded. Agglomeration is the essence of cities, and optimizing the spatial structure can preserve green space in cities. In urban planning practice, the most common urban spatial structures are monocentric and polycentric. It remains unclear whether monocentric structure with high-density attributes or a polycentric structure with decentralization has better green space performance. This study examines the effects of monocentric and polycentric urban spatial structures, as measured with the dimensions of spatial centralization and concentration, on the size and accessibility of green space in Chinese cities proper at the prefecture level and above from 2000 to 2015. Using a panel dataset and instrumental variable techniques, we observed that, under equal conditions, urban green space can be improved when cities proper have a compact monocentric structure. However, the accessibility of green space is better when cities proper have polycentric structures. These findings are robust across various specifications and instruments. Optimizing the urban spatial structure can increase the size of and accessibility to green space in cities. This is important for urban air purification, microclimate regulation, and residents' recreation and happiness. Our results provide guidance for policymakers seeking to optimize urban spatial structures and develop green cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. The contrasting effects of interregional networks and local agglomeration on R&D productivity in Chinese provinces: Insights from an empirical spatial Durbin model.
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Qin, Xionghe, Wang, Xueli, and Kwan, Mei-Po
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RESEARCH & development ,ECONOMIES of agglomeration ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DIGITAL technology ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
This paper examines the contrasting effects of local agglomeration in innovation activities and the interregional networks derived from innovation collaboration on R&D productivity. Based on a two-stage R&D process, this study enriches the existing research and highlights the significance of interregional networks and local agglomeration in understanding spillover effects and productivity improvement. This study employs the network slacks-based measure model to quantify the R&D productivity of two successive stages of research and technology transfer using panel data from 2009 to 2017 for 30 Chinese provinces. It employs the spatial Durbin model to explore and compare the effects of interregional networks and local agglomeration on R&D productivity at each stage. The findings show that interregional networks play an important role in improving research productivity, while local agglomeration is more important in technology transfer research. The significant spatial spillover effect of technology transfer productivity in adjacent provinces indicates a large likelihood of convergences in R&D productivity. The results confirm that interregional networks and local agglomeration operate at distinct parts of the R&D process. • Productive R&D contributes to innovation, driving sustainable economic development. • R&D productivity is measured at each stage using network DEA. • The contrasting effects reported by the spatial econometric model. • Interregional network has a significant effect on improving the knowledge productivity. • Local agglomeration is more important in technology transfer research. • There is a significant spatial spillover effects of technology transfer productivity across neighbouring regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. The uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) in measuring people's exposure to green space using the integrated 3S approach.
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Liu, Yang, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Yu, Changda
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CITY dwellers ,SPATIAL resolution ,REMOTE sensing ,PUBLIC spaces ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
The "mobility turn" in environmental health studies promoted the integrated 3S (GIS, GPS, and remote sensing) approach in the study of urban residents' exposure to green space and corresponding health outcomes. However, few studies have examined the uncertainty induced by contextual settings when measuring people's exposure to green space using the conventional and integrated 3S approaches. In this paper, we compared the differences in green space exposure obtained from different geographic contexts using residence-based and mobility-based methods, multiple spatial resolutions, and buffer zones. We collected 7-day GPS trajectories from 208 participants at the 1-minute temporal resolution in Hong Kong. Entire Hong Kong's green space was delineated using multiple remote sensing data sources at 3 m, 10 m, and 30 m spatial resolutions. Lastly, the residence-based and mobility-based measurements of exposure to green space were calculated for each participant using 100 m, 300 m, and 500 m buffer zones at three spatial resolutions. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, and logistic regression were employed to examine the influence of different contextual settings on different measurements of green space exposure and their health effects. The results indicate multiple significant disparities. The most striking difference is that mobility-based measurements of exposure to green space are significantly higher than those of residence-based measurements, manifesting the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP). For future studies, we suggest using mobility-based measurements of exposure to green space, smaller buffer zones, and finer spatial resolutions, which enable more accurate measurements of green space exposure for the study of green space's health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. How do people in different places experience different levels of air pollution? Using worldwide Chinese as a lens.
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Chen, Bin, Song, Yimeng, Kwan, Mei-Po, Huang, Bo, and Xu, Bing
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,PUBLIC health ,PARTICULATE matter & the environment ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,BIG data - Abstract
Air pollution, being especially severe in the fast-growing developing world, continues to post a threat to public health. Yet, few studies are capable of quantifying well how different groups of people in different places experience different levels of air pollution at the global scale. In this paper, we use worldwide Chinese as a lens to quantify the spatiotemporal variations and geographic differences in PM 2.5 exposures using unprecedented mobile phone big data and air pollution records. The results show that Chinese in South and East Asia suffer relatively serious PM 2.5 exposures, where the Chinese in China have the highest PM 2.5 exposures (52.8 μ g/m 3 /year), which is fourfold higher than the exposures in the United States (10.7 μ g/m 3 /year). Overall, the Chinese in Asian cities (35.5 μ g/m 3 /year) experienced the most serious PM 2.5 exposures when compared with the Chinese in the cities of other continents. These results, partly presented as a spatiotemporally explicit map of PM 2.5 exposures for worldwide Chinese, help researchers and governments to consider how to address the effects of air pollution on public health with respect to different population groups and geographic locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Advancing analytical methods for urban metabolism studies.
- Author
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Li, Huan and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) ,SUSTAINABLE development ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This article reviews conventional methods applied in current urban metabolism studies. Based on the limitations of these conventional methods, it highlights two urgent methodological needs for urban metabolism research: the need for using different spatial and temporal scales and the need for addressing issues of sustainable development. In order to meet these urgent needs, we propose a research framework based on 3D geovisualization. The article argues that GIS and visualization can play an important role in enhancing the transparency and comprehensibility of the results of urban metabolism studies. Furthermore, it is also an effective platform for investigating urban metabolism at various spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, introducing the various speeds of flows and incorporating the differences in the rhythm of these flows will be helpful. GIS and visualization can help to translate analysis results into urban policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Exploring urban metabolism—Towards an interdisciplinary perspective.
- Author
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Dijst, Martin, Worrell, Ernst, Böcker, Lars, Brunner, Paul, Davoudi, Simin, Geertman, Stan, Harmsen, Robert, Helbich, Marco, Holtslag, Albert A.M., Kwan, Mei-Po, Lenz, Barbara, Lyons, Glenn, Mokhtarian, Patricia L., Newman, Peter, Perrels, Adriaan, Ribeiro, Ana Poças, Rosales Carreón, Jesus, Thomson, Giles, Urge-Vorsatz, Diana, and Zeyringer, Marianne
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,CITIES & towns ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,URBAN life ,NATURAL history - Abstract
The discussion on urban metabolism has been long dominated by natural scientists focussing on natural forces shaping the energy and material flows in urban systems. However, in the anthropocene human forces such as industrialization and urbanization are mobilizing people, goods and information at an increasing pace and as such have a large impact on urban energy and material flows. In this white paper, we develop a combined natural and social science perspective on urban metabolism. More specifically, innovative conceptual and methodological interdisciplinary approaches are identified and discussed to enhance the understanding of the forces that shape urban metabolism, and how these forces affect urban living and the environment. A challenging research agenda on urban metabolism is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Estimation of urban-scale photovoltaic potential: A deep learning-based approach for constructing three-dimensional building models from optical remote sensing imagery.
- Author
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Yan, Longxu, Zhu, Rui, Kwan, Mei-Po, Luo, Wei, Wang, De, Zhang, Shangwu, Wong, Man Sing, You, Linlin, Yang, Bisheng, Chen, Biyu, and Feng, Ling
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,OPTICAL remote sensing ,THREE-dimensional modeling ,ROOFTOP construction ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,REMOTE-sensing images ,DATA augmentation - Abstract
• A deep learning based approach for constructing 3D buildings from satellite imagery was developed. • Rooftop segmentation and building height prediction are satisfactory. • Estimated PV potentials derived from the actual and predicted buildings showed little difference. • Proposed approach can facilitate PV penetration and urban studies in various fields. Building-integrated photovoltaics are increasingly used to build low-carbon buildings and promote energy transition. However, the absence of three-dimensional (3D) building models may hinder accurate estimation of photovoltaic (PV) potential on 3D urban surfaces. This study develops a detail-oriented deep learning approach, which for the first time constructs 3D buildings from high-resolution satellite images and estimates PV potential. Specifically, two convolutional neural networks, i.e., the Rooftop Segmentation Model and Height Prediction Model, were developed by advancing the basic DeepLabv3+ architecture and integrating dedicated layers, adaptive activation functions, and hybrid losses. Next, the two models were trained and tested on a self-made dataset targeted at Shanghai and an open datasets under standard data augmentation and transfer learning strategies. Then, morphological post-processing procedures were developed to cluster and regularize individual rooftops with estimated heights. Finally, PV potentials in typical areas were estimated and compared. Accuracy assessments suggest satisfactory rooftop segmentationand building height estimation. The absolute relative error between the PV potentials derived from the actual and predicted building models showed little difference, implying the reliability of the extracted buildings. The proposed model is novel and effective for constructing 3D building models that can facilitate PV penetration and urban studies in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. COVID-19 infection rate but not severity is associated with availability of greenness in the United States.
- Author
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Lin, Jian, Huang, Bo, Kwan, Mei-Po, Chen, Min, and Wang, Qiang
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,NORMALIZED difference vegetation index ,NEGATIVE binomial distribution ,OLDER men ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
• The associations between availability of greenness and COVID-19 outcomes are examined. • Availability of greenness is associated with lower rates of COVID-19 infection. • Availability of greenness has limited effects for ameliorating COVID-19 related inequity. • The findings provide working hypotheses for effectively designing nature-based interventions. Human exposure to greenness is associated with COVID-19 prevalence and severity, but most relevant research has focused on the relationships between greenness and COVID-19 infection rates. In contrast, relatively little is known about the associations between greenness and COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths, which are important for risk assessment, resource allocation, and intervention strategies. Moreover, it is unclear whether greenness could help reduce health inequities by offering more benefits to disadvantaged populations. Here, we estimated the associations between availability of greenness (expressed as population-density-weighted normalized difference vegetation index) and COVID-19 outcomes across the urban–rural continuum gradient in the United States using generalized additive models with a negative binomial distribution. We aggregated individual COVID-19 records at the county level, which includes 3,040 counties for COVID-19 case infection rates, 1,397 counties for case hospitalization rates, and 1,305 counties for case fatality rates. Our area-level ecological study suggests that although availability of greenness shows null relationships with COVID-19 case hospitalization and fatality rates, COVID-19 infection rate is statistically significant and negatively associated with more greenness availability. When performing stratified analyses by different sociodemographic groups, availability of greenness shows stronger negative associations for men than for women, and for adults than for the elderly. This indicates that greenness might have greater health benefits for the former than the latter, and thus has limited effects for ameliorating COVID-19 related inequity. The revealed greenness-COVID-19 links across different space, time and sociodemographic groups provide working hypotheses for the targeted design of nature-based interventions and greening policies to benefit human well-being and reduce health inequity. This has important implications for the post-pandemic recovery and future public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. How accessibility to neighborhood grocery stores is related to older people's walking behavior: A study of Yokohama, Japan
- Author
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Morioka, Wataru, Kwan, Mei-Po, Hino, Kimihiro, and Yamada, Ikuho
- Abstract
Promoting a walkable environment is a prime concern for aging societies, including Japan. This study focuses on the daily shopping environment of older adults in Yokohama City and analyzes the association between their daily step counts and spatial accessibility to grocery stores. We aim to discover a reasonable distance to and the spatial configuration of fundamental amenities that enhances the physical activity of older people.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
33. Understanding the spatiotemporal variation of ride-hailing orders under different travel distances
- Author
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Li, Xuefeng, Xu, Jiacong, Du, Mingyang, Liu, Dong, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Abstract
•The characteristics of ride-hailing demand under different travel distances are analyzed.•Influential factor of ride-hailing demand under different distances is explored.•Ride-hailing for short-distance trips compete with public transport in core areas.•Long-distance ride-hailing supplements public transport gaps in suburbs.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
34. The Tsinghua–LancetCommission on Healthy Cities in China: unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China
- Author
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Yang, Jun, Siri, José G, Remais, Justin V, Cheng, Qu, Zhang, Han, Chan, Karen K Y, Sun, Zhe, Zhao, Yuanyuan, Cong, Na, Li, Xueyan, Zhang, Wei, Bai, Yuqi, Bi, Jun, Cai, Wenjia, Chan, Emily Y Y, Chen, Wanqing, Fan, Weicheng, Fu, Hua, He, Jianqing, Huang, Hong, Ji, John S, Jia, Peng, Jiang, Xiaopeng, Kwan, Mei-Po, Li, Tianhong, Li, Xiguang, Liang, Song, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liang, Lu, Liu, Qiyong, Lu, Yongmei, Luo, Yong, Ma, Xiulian, Schwartländer, Bernhard, Shen, Zhiyong, Shi, Peijun, Su, Jing, Wu, Tinghai, Yang, Changhong, Yin, Yongyuan, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yinping, Zhang, Yong, Xu, Bing, and Gong, Peng
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. GIScience can facilitate the development of solar cities for energy transition
- Author
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Zhu, Rui, Kwan, Mei-Po, Perera, A.T.D., Fan, Hongchao, Yang, Bisheng, Chen, Biyu, Chen, Min, Qian, Zhen, Zhang, Haoran, Zhang, Xiaohu, Yang, Jinxin, Santi, Paolo, Ratti, Carlo, Li, Wenting, and Yan, Jinyue
- Abstract
The energy transition is increasingly being discussed and implemented to cope with the growing environmental crisis. However, great challenges remain for effectively harvesting and utilizing solar energy in cities related to time and location-dependant supply and demand, which needs more accurate forecasting- and an in-depth understanding of the electricity production and dynamic balancing of the flexible energy supplies concerning the electricity market. To tackle this problem, this article discusses the development of solar cities over the past few decades and proposes a refined and enriched concept of a sustainable solar city with six integrated modules, namely, land surface solar irradiation, three-dimensional (3D) urban surfaces, spatiotemporal solar distribution on 3D urban surfaces, solar photovoltaic (PV) planning, solar PV penetration into different urban systems, and the consequent socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this context, Geographical Information Science (GIScience) demonstrates its potent capability in building the conceptualized solar city with a dynamic balance between power supply and demand over time and space, which includes the production of multi-sourced spatiotemporal big data, the development of spatiotemporal data modelling, analysing and optimization, and geo-visualization. To facilitate the development of such a solar city, this article from the GIScience perspective discusses the achievements and challenges of (i) the development of spatiotemporal big data used for solar farming, (ii) the estimation of solar PV potential on 3D urban surfaces, (iii) the penetration of distributed PV systems in digital cities that contains the effects of urban morphology on solar accessibility, optimization of PV systems for dynamic balancing between supply and demand, and PV penetration represented by the solar charging of urban mobility, and (iv) the interaction between PV systems and urban thermal environment. We suggest that GIScience is the foundation, while further development of GIS models is required to achieve the proposed sustainable solar city.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The effect of eye-level street greenness exposure on walking satisfaction: The mediating role of noise and PM2.5.
- Author
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Song, Jiangyu, Zhou, Suhong, Kwan, Mei-Po, Liang, Shen, Lu, Junwen, Jing, Fengrui, and Wang, Linsen
- Subjects
SATISFACTION ,STREETS ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,TRAFFIC noise ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,GEOGRAPHICAL perception - Abstract
While there are plenty of studies on the effects of neighborhood and park greenness on personal overall satisfaction and walking behavior, the relationship between street greenness exposure and walking satisfaction has received limited attention. Also, the possible pathways by which street greenness exposure affects walking satisfaction need to be further examined. To fill these research gaps, we measured eye-level street greenness using street view images, machine learning techniques and global position systems. A structural equation model was used to examine the mediating effects of objective noise and PM 2.5 exposure and related subjective annoyance, on the relationship between street greenness exposure and people's walking satisfaction. The results showed that street greenness exposure not only had a significant direct effect on walking satisfaction, but also has a significant indirect effect on walking satisfaction through subjective environmental annoyances (including noise and PM 2.5 annoyances) rather than through objective noise and PM 2.5 exposures. Besides physical activity and social interaction, the indirect effect of street greenness exposure on walking satisfaction through subjective environmental pollution annoyance accounted for about 17.39% of the total effect and cannot be ignored. These results suggest that the urban greenness layout policy should not only consider residential greenness but should improve people's environmental perception and walking satisfaction by allocating more greenness on streets with high noise and PM 2.5 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Land use policy and spatiotemporal changes in the water area of an arid region.
- Author
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Xu, Fei, Bao, Helen X.H., Li, Huan, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Huang, Xianjin
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,LAND use ,WATER management ,ARID regions ,CLIMATE change ,KERNEL (Mathematics) ,ORTHOGONALIZATION - Abstract
In this study, we developed a framework to analyze the impact of land use policies on water area changes. We used quantitative and qualitative approaches in our model, including Delphi method, Moran ’ s I , 3D kernel density surface (3D-KDS) technique, and orthogonalized regression. The model facilitates visual examination of spatiotemporal patterns in water area changes and identification of the net effect of land use policies on water area changes. We consider three types of land use policy and four control variables which include water management policy and climate change factors to test the model by using data from Ejina, an oasis area from Inner Mongolia, China. The results of both 3D-KDS and Moran ’ s I coefficient showed distinctive patterns in negative and positive water area changes. Standardized coefficients from the augmented orthogonalized ordinary least squares (OLS) models helped isolate the net effects of the three types of land use policy on negative and positive water area changes. Land use policies had greater impact on hydrological environment changes than water management policy and climate change factors. Our model can be utilized to assess the effectiveness of land use policies in an area and aid in helpful in monitoring the implementation of existing policies and design of new land use policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Changes in farmers’ welfare from land requisition in the process of rapid urbanization.
- Author
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Li, Huan, Huang, Xianjin, Kwan, Mei-Po, Bao, Helen X.H., and Jefferson, Steven
- Subjects
FARMERS ,URBANIZATION ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL security ,GINI coefficient ,DWELLINGS ,HEALTH insurance - Abstract
The marked impact of the welfare gap on total welfare within collectives has rarely, if at all, been addressed in traditional welfare theories and in Amartya Sen's theory of welfare functioning and capabilities. With this observation as our starting point, we constructed a research framework that combined welfare functioning, the welfare gap, and welfare capability to assess and analyze changes in the welfare of farmers whose land was requisitioned in Zhejiang province. The findings of our study were as follows. (1) The total welfare functioning of farmers whose land was requisitioned increased by 11.8% as a result of improvements in economic and dwelling conditions and community surroundings. However, social security and psychological conditions deteriorated. (2) Although total welfare functioning has improved, gaps are widening in the distribution of welfare functioning among farmers who underwent land requisition. This was evidenced by the increase of the weighted Gini coefficient, which rose from 0.26 to 0.32 after land requisition. (3) As a result of the improvement in welfare capability, a judgmental bias is evident when farmers assess whether they have gained or lost welfare after land requisition. We conclude that welfare studies should focus not only on the quantitative aspects of welfare distribution, but should also pay more attention to its fairness and impartiality. This can prevent social problems posed by an oversized welfare gap. Moreover, after land requisition, the government and community should provide education and training services, and the current one-time compensation model should be replaced by a lifelong compensation model. At the same time, endowment insurance should be extended in rural areas and urban medical insurance should be progressively incorporated into the social security benefits of farmers who have undergone land requisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Healthy cities initiative in China: Progress, challenges, and the way forward
- Author
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Bai, Yuqi, Zhang, Yutong, Zotova, Olena, Pineo, Helen, Siri, José, Liang, Lu, Luo, Xiangyu, Kwan, Mei-Po, Ji, John, Jiang, Xiaopeng, Chu, Cordia, Cong, Na, Lin, Vivian, Summerskill, William, Luo, Yong, Yu, Hongjun, Wu, Tinghai, Yang, Changhong, Li, Jing, Xiao, Yixiong, Zhou, Jingbo, Dou, Dejing, Xiong, Hui, Zhang, Lee Ligang, Wang, Lan, Tao, Shu, Fu, Bojie, Zhang, Yong, Xu, Bing, Yang, Jun, and Gong, Peng
- Abstract
China implemented the first phase of its National Healthy Cities pilot program from 2016-20. Along with related urban health governmental initiatives, the program has helped put health on the agenda of local governments while raising public awareness. Healthy City actions taken at the municipal scale also prepared cities to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, after intermittent trials spanning the past two decades, the Healthy Cities initiative in China has reached a crucial juncture. It risks becoming inconsequential given its overlap with other health promotion efforts, changing public health priorities in response to the pandemic, and the partial adoption of the Healthy Cities approach advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO). We recommend aligning the Healthy Cities initiative in China with strategic national and global level agendas such as Healthy China 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing an integrative governance framework to facilitate a coherent intersectoral program to systemically improve population health. Achieving this alignment will require leveraging the full spectrum of best practices in Healthy Cities actions and expanding assessment efforts.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The shoemaker’s son always goes barefoot: Implementations of GPS and other tracking technologies for geographic research.
- Author
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Shoval, Noam, Kwan, Mei-Po, Reinau, Kristian H., and Harder, Henrik
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHERS ,SPACETIME ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,ACQUISITION of data ,GEOGRAPHICAL research ,TRACKING & trailing - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Implementation of GPS, smartphones and other tracking technologies is increasing. [•] Highly accurate data collected bring new insights about the space–time movements. [•] Geographers are not involved enough in this emerging field. [•] Geographers should engage more with these new technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Exploring the unequal landscapes of healthcare accessibility in lower-income urban neighborhoods through qualitative inquiry.
- Author
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Hawthorne, Timothy L. and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Subjects
LANDSCAPES ,MEDICAL care ,POOR people ,CITY dwellers ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,INSTITUTIONAL care ,HEALTH ,HOSPITAL care - Abstract
Highlights: [•] We find that local knowledge enhances our understanding of access. [•] We find access to be intertwined with the daily, lived experiences of lower-income individuals. [•] We consider waiting times, provider/patient relationships and daily constraints in examining access. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Geographic information science in the era of geospatial big data: A cyberspace perspective
- Author
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Liu, Xintao, Chen, Min, Claramunt, Christophe, Batty, Michael, Kwan, Mei-Po, Senousi, Ahmad M., Cheng, Tao, Strobl, Josef, Cöltekin, Arzu, Wilson, John, Bandrova, Temenoujka, Konecny, Milan, Torrens, Paul M., Zhang, Fengyuan, He, Li, Wang, Jinfeng, Ratti, Carlo, Kolditz, Olaf, Klippel, Alexander, Li, Songnian, Lin, Hui, and Lü, Guonian
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity analysis of air quality in the Yangtze River Delta, China.
- Author
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Miao, Lizhi, Liu, Chengliang, Yang, Xin, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Zhang, Kai
- Subjects
AIR analysis ,NORMALIZED difference vegetation index ,AIR quality indexes ,AIR pollution ,AIR quality monitoring ,METROPOLITAN areas ,AIR quality - Abstract
• The annual averages of the AQI in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2016 to 2018 are 78.6, 74.2, and 69.7, respectively, exhibiting a pattern of year-to-year decrease. • Among the 41 metropolitan areas of the YRD, the correlation coefficients of PM 2.5 across metropolitan areas are between 0.75 and 0.95. PM 2.5 is the primary pollutant in 36 metropolitan areas, accounting for 88% of the pollution in the studied areas. • The study results demonstrate that the six impact factors have positive or negative correlations with AQI with significant spatial differences. The mean values of the regression coefficients indicate that relative humidity has the greatest effect on AQI values, followed by rainfall, temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); of which relative humidity has a positive correlation with AQI while air pressure has negative correction with AQI in the whole study area. Air pollution is a great concern due to its adverse health effects, and reducing air pollution is a major challenge worldwide. Utilizing the air quality monitoring data of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2016 to 2018, this paper first investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of the Air Quality Index (AQI), identifies the primary pollutants for each metropolitan area using gray relational analysis (GRA) method, and analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of the effects of six influencing factors on AQI in different metropolitan areas using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The study results show that: (1) The annual averages of the AQI in the YRD region from 2016 to 2018 are 78.6, 74.2, and 69.7, respectively, exhibiting a pattern of year-to-year decrease. (2) Among the 41 metropolitan areas of the YRD, the correlation coefficients of PM 2.5 across metropolitan areas are between 0.75 and 0.95. PM 2.5 is the primary pollutant in 36 metropolitan areas, accounting for 88% of the pollution in the studied areas. (3) The study results demonstrate that the six impact factors have positive or negative correlations with AQI with significant spatial differences. The mean values of the regression coefficients indicate that relative humidity has the greatest effect on AQI values, followed by precipitation, temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); of which relative humidity has a negative correlation with AQI while air pressure has positive correction with AQI in the whole study area. Since there is spatial heterogeneity on the degree of influence of each influencing factor on AQI, it is necessary to consider the spatial variability on the degree of influence different from indicators when formulating control countermeasures of air quality, so that the management countermeasures can be more targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. An economically feasible optimization of photovoltaic provision using real electricity demand: A case study in New York city.
- Author
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Zhu, Rui, Wong, Man Sing, Kwan, Mei-Po, Chen, Min, Santi, Paolo, and Ratti, Carlo
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power consumption ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems ,ELECTRICITY markets ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,CORPORATE profits ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
Solar farming has been experiencing explosive development in recent years. However, developing solar farming in urban areas is challenged by the heterogeneous distribution of solar irradiation in spatial and degradation of photovoltaic (PV) efficiency that make the economic performance uncertain. To tackle this problem, this study develops a spatio-temporal analytic model and a techno-economic assessment model to optimize PV provision to ensure that a PV system can meet the electricity demand and obtain reasonable profit simultaneously. Specifically, based on the estimation of solar potential on three-dimensional urban envelopes, the study determines PV favorable locations that are quantitatively large and spatially concentrated. Then, PV capacities in two comparative architectures, i.e., self-reliance relying on own building surfaces and external-support seeking supports from external rooftops, are planned to meet real electricity demand. Furthermore, the PV capacity is optimized, constrained by a constant electricity rate without Feed-in Tariff, a decreasing PV efficiency, and an increasing cost for maintenance. A case study in New York City suggests that the optimized PV installation can significantly offset household electricity consumption. In addition, the estimated net profit is significant even in rigorous conditions, which is inspiring for promoting distributed solar harvesting and competing with the local electricity market. • Optimized PV capacity to meet real electricity demand and obtain net profit. • Developed spatio-temporal data analysis and spatial-aware techno-economic assessment. • The estimated net profit in New York City is significant even in strict conditions. • Inspiring for applying the method to promote distributed PV systems in global cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Park and neighbourhood environmental characteristics associated with park-based physical activity among children in a high-density city.
- Author
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Zhang, Ru, Zhang, Chun-Qing, Lai, Poh Chin, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Subjects
PHYSICAL activity ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,WALKABILITY ,CENSUS ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
Constructing and renovating urban parks is an effective strategy for high-density cities to satisfy residents' needs for recreation in nature. Using Hong Kong as an example of a high-density city, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations of park and neighbourhood environments with park-based physical activity (PA) among children and examine the moderating effect of neighbourhood income in their relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 urban parks in Hong Kong. Park-based PA and the park and neighbourhood environments were measured using systematic observation tools and the geographic information system. Neighbourhood income was extracted from the 2011 Hong Kong Population Census data on median household income. A total of 7,753 children were observed using urban parks for PA during the study. Children's park-based PA was positively associated with the quality of supporting amenities, park safety, neighbourhood walkability, and neighbourhood quality, while the associations of park-based PA with the diversity of active facilities and park size were not significant. In addition, neighbourhood income moderated the associations of park-based PA with the diversity of active facilities, the quality of supporting amenities, neighbourhood walkability, and neighbourhood quality. These findings provide empirical evidence on the moderating role of neighbourhood socioeconomic status on the associations between park and neighbourhood environments and children's park-based PA in a high-density city. With children's needs for using parks for PA, our findings are beneficial for urban planners to renovate existing urban parks to enhance their utility for children living in high-density cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The effects of the built environment on the general health, physical activity and obesity of adults in Queensland, Australia.
- Author
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Wang, Siqin, Liu, Yan, Lam, Jack, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Abstract
• Built environment factors are quantified by GIS-based methods in 5D dimensions: design, density, diversity, destination and distance • Physical activity is positively associated with general health and negatively associated with the prevalence of obesity • Built-environment factors have direct effects on physical activity but indirect effects on general health and obesity. • Low-density and car-dependent neighbourhoods can be activity-friendly to mitigate obesity if they provide easy access to green space. • Education promoting changes to daily routines and lifestyle to consciously take advantage of activity-supporting built environments should be a part of the health intervention measures for obesity prevention. The built environment has been identified as a key factor for health intervention and obesity prevention. However, it is still unclear to what extent the built environment is associated with obesity and general health and to what extent such an association is mediated through variation in physical activity. This study aims to examine the associations between individual characteristics, the built environment, physical activity, general health and body mass index to reveal the pathways through which the built environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity. Using data from 1,788 adults aged 18 to 65 in Queensland from Wave 16 of the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, we use geographic information system-based methods to quantify built environment factors in 5D dimensions: Density, Diversity, Design, Distance and Destination accessibility. We then employ multi-level mixed-effect models to test the hypothesised relationships between individual characteristics, the built environment, physical activity, general health and body mass index. The results indicate that physical activity is positively associated with general health and negatively associated with the prevalence of obesity. Adjusting for individual characteristics, we find that built-environment factors have direct effects on physical activity but indirect effects on general health and obesity. Among these factors, greater green space exposure plays a key role in enhancing general health and reducing obesity. Low-density and car-dependent neighbourhoods can be activity-friendly and mitigate obesity if these neighbourhoods are also equipped with easy access to green space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. How fixed is fixed? Gendered rigidity of space–time constraints and geographies of everyday activities.
- Author
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Schwanen, Tim, Kwan, Mei-Po, and Ren, Fang
- Subjects
ACTIVITIES of daily living ,EVERYDAY life ,POLITICAL planning ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Abstract: The space–time fixity constraint that binds activities to specific times and places has long been considered an important concept in transportation, feminist and communication geography. However, only few studies to date have directly examined differences in the space–time fixity of everyday activities, and the knowledge of how the context of activity participation affects space–time fixity is even more limited. Using space–time diary data from Columbus (Ohio, USA) and multilevel models, we investigate how variations in fixity levels are associated with activity type, other activity attributes, and the personal, household and geographical background of the person pursuing the activity. We consider whether these associations differ between men and women to understand better how space–time constraints operate differently in the everyday lives of men and women. The results suggest that context matters: fixity levels depend not just on activity type but also on when, where, for how long, with whom an activity is conducted, as well as on the background of the person initiating the activity, and some of these effects differ systematically between men and women. Implications of the findings for academic research and public policies are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Internet, mobile phone and space-time constraints.
- Author
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Schwanen, Tim and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Subjects
INTERNET ,MOBILE communication systems ,WIRELESS communications ,TELEPHONES - Abstract
Abstract: While the implications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for daily travel and activities have been studied extensively, there is only scant attention paid to the relations between ICTs and space-time constraints. This study therefore explores the extent to which the Internet and mobile phone increase the spatial and temporal flexibility of everyday activities through a review of the literature and empirical research with data from Columbus (Ohio, USA) and Utrecht (The Netherlands). The analysis suggests that the implications of the Internet and mobile phone are complex and dependent on the type of activity, persons involved, technologies and socio-physical context in which they are embedded. Various regularities can, however, be detected. For the study participants, the Internet and mobile phone relax temporal constraints to a stronger degree than they enhance spatial flexibility. There are also space-time constraints that seem to persist or have come about because of ICT adoption. Finally, it appears that the Internet and mobile phone at best consolidate differences between men and women in the space-time constraints associated with everyday activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mapping ambivalence: Exploring the geographies of community change and rails-to-trails development using photo-based Q method and PPGIS.
- Author
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Hawthorne, Timothy, Krygier, John, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Subjects
MOUNTAINEERING ,SANITARY landfills ,REAL estate business - Abstract
Abstract: As the literature on trail development suggests, recreational trail projects can generate conflicts and controversies, particularly when built on abandoned rail corridors through developed areas. These conflicts are often understood as “not in my back yard” (NIMBY) reactions, suggesting a spatial proximity to conflict which increases as one draws closer to the proposed trail. This research seeks to understand local residents’ perceptions and reactions to recreational trail development in the City of Delaware (Ohio, USA). It addresses two spatially infused questions: Does the potential for conflict related to trail development increase as people live closer to a potential trail (the NIMBY factor)? Can important qualitative factors about favorable and unfavorable land uses including potential recreational trail sites be defined using a participatory methodology and then represented in GIS? The study used a mixed-method approach to collect and analyze qualitative data from a group of local residents. Each participant was interviewed and asked to sort 19 pictures related to trail development. After each of the sorts, participants were asked to explain why they ranked the pictures the way they did. Results of the picture sorts were then analyzed using Q method and mapped with GIS. The results show that spatial proximity matters in the context of trail development and potential NIMBY reactions to trails. Significant differences were found in the picture sorts that reveal the importance of proximity and location, although in a manner contrary to the assumptions in the writings on rails-to-trails. Through combining qualitative methods, Q analysis and PPGIS analysis, the research shows that qualitative place-based studies are capable of generating insights about the complexities of situated geographic change such as recreational trail development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mediation effects of social isolation on pathways connecting public transport use with subjective wellbeing among older people
- Author
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Du, Yao, Sun, Guibo, Choe, Eun Yeong, and Kwan, Mei-Po
- Abstract
Public transport use is essential for the subjective wellbeing of older people. A well-designed public transport system may support social participation that can alleviate social isolation and improve subjective wellbeing. However, it remains unclear about the mediating effects of social isolation on the pathway linking public transport use and subjective wellbeing.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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