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Numerous economic and non-economic factors significantly influence decision-making concerning investments in green energy. However, developing an index that allows for benchmarking and evaluating economic performance and overall sustainability on a global scale is imperative. In this regard, this study introduces the Green Energy Sustainable Investment Index (GESII) as a composite measure utilizing entropy weight and the “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)” approach. This index encompasses 47 countries and comprises 22 indicators categorized into four dimensions: social, economic, environmental, and institutional. Over the period spanning from 2006 to 2020, this study analyzes the progression of GESII for forty-seven countries affiliated with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Singapore secures the top position in the overall GESII ranking, followed by Estonia, Brunei Darussalam, the United Arab Emirates, and the Czech Republic. Conversely, Iran and Lebanon occupy the lowest positions in GESII, indicating that these countries have the poorest scores across all four dimensions. In addition to presenting the overall rankings, this study offers comparative analyses of the leading three country profiles for each region within the BRI countries based on GESII. The newly proposed index, GESII, is valuable for guiding investment decisions and contributing to policy discussions.

Bicone-shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles of Cu2S have been prepared by a simple reaction between CuO suspension, NH2OH•HCl and (NH4)2S in the presence of gelatin at 5 oC. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The band gaps are estimated to be 1.98 eV and 2.03 eV according to the results of optical measurements of bicone-shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles of Cu2S.

As a new tool of statistical analysis, Copula is introduced to build reliability model for structural system consisting of identical components, by which the complex feature of failure dependence can be depicted. Aiming at symmetric structure systems, typical failure-dependence mechanism of components is discussed firstly. Considering the failure-dependence mechanism, modeling steps based on Gauss Copula and Archimedean Copulas are put forward, in which the twin stress, components strength are chosen as the basic variables and the safety margins are chosen as the analytic variables. Compared with Gauss Copula, Archimedean Copulas have powerful capability of describing the failure-dependence mechanism owing to the adjustable parameters can be determined according to the rank correlation coefficient and the information about the critical failure point. Archimedean Copula-based reliability models are applicable to non-normal situations. A numerical example is given to show that the new method is reasonable and feasible. Copula-based reliability models can give a new path for reliability analysis of complex systems with failure-dependence.

Terahertz process tomography (PT) is a new technology for multiphase flow measurement. T-ray PT prototype based on analysis of the T-ray's merits was proposed and an NIR PT simulation system was developed in this paper. The architecture, algorithm and characteristics of the simulation system were studied through experimental test. Evaluations of the simulation system performance and corresponding promotional approach were made. It was shown that the solution of simulation system could be adapted for THz PT technology, and that the experimental results proved that the simulation system itself is suitable for parameter measurement of two-phase flow.

Terahertz process tomography (PT) is a new technology for multiphase flow measurement. T-ray PT prototype based on analysis of the T-ray's merits was proposed and an NIR PT simulation system was developed in this paper. The architecture, algorithm and characteristics of the simulation system were studied through experimental test. Evaluations of the simulation system performance and corresponding promotional approach were made. It was shown that the solution of simulation system could be adapted for THz PT technology, and that the experimental results proved that the simulation system itself is suitable for parameter measurement of two-phase flow.