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Die Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin (ZLB) ist für die Umsetzung des Pflichtexemplargesetzes in Berlin verantwortlich. Als bedeutende Verlagsstadt ist der Zugang zu Pflichtmedien hier besonders umfangreich. Mit der Novellierung des Pflichtexemplargesetzes im Jahr 2021 wird seit 2024 auch die Ablieferung digitaler Medienwerke gefordert. Die E-Pflicht wird in Berlin vorrangig kooperativ umgesetzt, wobei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf größtmögliche Automatisierung gelegt wurde. So können Abliefernde ihre Publikationen eigenständig über ein Webformular einreichen. Darüber hinaus wurde die neue DNB-Kooperation NP regional ins Leben gerufen. Die Stadtgesellschaft wird aktiv als Dialogpartnerin in die Sammlungsarbeit einbezogen.

Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. In this study, we investigated functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM through integrative genomic analyses, genome-wide genetic perturbation screens in patient-derived GBM models and independent lines of validation. Specific genetic dependencies were found consistent across recurrent tumor models, accompanied by increased mutational burden and differential transcript and protein expression compared to its primary GBM predecessor. Our observations suggest a multi-layered genetic response to drive tumor recurrence and implicate PTP4A2(protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2) as a modulator of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM. Genetic perturbation or small-molecule inhibition of PTP4A2 acts through a dephosphorylation axis with roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) and its downstream molecular players, exploiting a functional dependency on ROBO signaling. Because a pan-PTP4A inhibitor was limited by poor penetrance across the blood–brain barrier in vivo, we engineered a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against ROBO1, a cell surface receptor enriched across recurrent GBM specimens. A single dose of ROBO1-targeted CAR T cells doubled median survival in cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models of recurrent GBM. Moreover, in CDX models of adult lung-to-brain metastases and pediatric relapsed medulloblastoma, ROBO1 CAR T cells eradicated tumors in 50–100% of mice. Our study identifies a promising multi-targetable PTP4A–ROBO1 signaling axis that drives tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM, with potential in other malignant brain tumors.

Adhesive bonding is an established joining technique with many applications in for example aerospace, lightweight construction, and the automotive industry. It places particularly high demands on materials, processes, and quality assurance, requiring extensive development and qualification procedures. Many process samples generated for testing are still evaluated manually by experts. The AdheScan provides a quantifiable, simplified and more accurate evaluation of adhesive failure surfaces.

An interview with Lutz Gullner, Head of Strategic Communication at the European External Action, is presented, where he discussed the contemporary challenges of combating misinformation without compromising democratic values.

In the period of political repression up to the revolution of 1848–1849, private societies (Vereine) functioned as a surrogate for public life. The Gustav-Adolf-Verein, created to support diaspora communities, united protestants of different convictions, including clergy and believers who considered the traditional structures of the Prussian church insufficient to answer the needs of modern society. Among them were rationalists deemed heretics by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. By means of his Patent of Toleration issued in 1847, the king attempted to squeeze the rationalists, called ‘Lichtfreunde’, out of his church, arguing that they were free to form new congregations (freie Gemeinden). Their training in public debate made several of the rationalist clergymen obvious candidates for the parliamentary bodies that came into life during the revolution of 1848–1849. Most of them were considered to be “democrats”.

Neuroimaging research requires purpose-built analysis software, which is challenging to install and may produce different results across computing environments. The community-oriented, open-source Neurodesk platform (https://www.neurodesk.org/) harnesses a comprehensive and growing suite of neuroimaging software containers. Neurodesk includes a browser-accessible virtual desktop, command-line interface and computational notebook compatibility, allowing for accessible, flexible, portable and fully reproducible neuroimaging analysis on personal workstations, high-performance computers and the cloud.

An interview with Francis Fukuyama, an American political scientist, is presented, where he discussed the highly polarized and deeply transformed state of the United States, shedding light on the evolving foreign policies and domestic agendas.

The activation of dioxygen at haem and non-haem metal centres, and subsequent functionalization of unactivated C‒H bonds, has been a focal point of much research. In iron-mediated oxidation reactions, O2binding at an iron(II) centre is often accompanied by an oxidation of the iron centre. Here we demonstrate dioxygen activation by sodium tetraphenylborate and protons in the presence of an iron(II) complex to form a reactive radical species, whereby the iron oxidation state remains unaltered in the presence of a highly oxidizing phenoxyl radical and O2. This complex, containing an unusual iron(II)-phenoxyl radical motif, represents an elusive example of a spectroscopically characterized oxygen-derived iron(II)-reactive intermediate during chemical and biological dioxygen activation at haem and non-haem iron active centres. The present report opens up strategies for the stabilization of a phenoxyl radical cofactor, with its full oxidizing capabilities, to act as an independent redox centre next to an iron(II) site during substrate oxidation reactions.

AbstractMissing middle housing is an important although often overlooked housing form in America’s built environment. Although still a large component of the US housing stock, production of new small missing middle (SMM) housing—which we define as multifamily structures with two to four units—has steadily declined over the last several decades. In the early 1980s, units in SMM structures comprised ∼9% of residential building permits nationally. Today, less than 3% of new permits are for two- to four-unit structures. We document these trends and explore reasons for the current variation in new SMM production. We build a national, place-level data set combining data on building permits, current and historical census data, land-use regulations, and housing supply characteristics. We then examine the association between SMM production and three sets of community characteristics: supply, regulatory restrictiveness, and demand. Our analysis suggests that correlates of SMM permitting are similar to those for larger multifamily structures. This, we argue, helps explain the decline in SMM, because these developments are competing with and losing to larger multifamily development. We end by considering how these findings can help cities that have recently passed or are considering zoning reforms that broadly legalize missing middle housing forms.

Background: The primary purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the prevalence and outcomes of single-stage hip arthroplasty in patients who were previously treated for septic arthritis of the native hip at our institution over a 20-year period. This study also examined rates of persistent or recurrent infection, reoperation, and mortality for septic arthritis of the native hip.Methods: Adult patients treated for septic arthritis of the native hip at our institution from 1995 to 2015 were retrospectively identified. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, missing or incomplete medical records, treatment at an outside institution, and prior surgery of the hip.Results: 97 patients were included in this study. 3 patients (3.1%) who were previously treated for septic arthritis of the native hip underwent single-stage hip arthroplasty an average of 40 ± 25 months from the date of infection. 3 of the 18 (16.7%) patients who were treated with resection arthroplasty underwent second-stage joint reconstruction. There were no cases of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). 1 patient who underwent single-stage arthroplasty experienced implant-induced metallosis, necessitating removal of the implant. There were no other cases of revision arthroplasty.Conclusions: The prevalence of single-stage hip arthroplasty in patients with a history of septic arthritis of the native hip joint was 3.1%, which is higher than the prevalence of hip arthroplasty in the United States general population, suggesting that a history of septic arthritis may increase the risk of requiring hip arthroplasty. In the small number of patients who went on to receive a hip replacement, there were no reported cases of PJI. This study suggests that hip arthroplasty is a viable option for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis and a history of septic arthritis of their hip.

Dieser Bericht über die Implementierung der cloudbasierten Bibliotheksmanagement- und Discovery-Lösung Alma & Primo VE von Ex Libris an der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek beleuchtet die für dieses Großprojekt spezifischen bis einzigartigen Aspekte. Sie ergeben sich aus der Größe und zum Teil besonderen Art des Bestands, der arbeitsteiligen Organisation von Geschäftsgängen, den überregionalen Aufgaben der Bibliothek und ihrer gemeinsamen Nutzerschaft mit der Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed a unique strain on the US housing system. Unprecedented job losses combined with a public health imperative to keep people housed pushed policymakers to issue a series of orders pausing residential evictions. These moratoria kept people in their homes but did little to address the underlying housing stresses. In this paper, we document the early impact of the pandemic on private rental housing owners with the results of a new survey. Between December 2020 and January 2021, we surveyed rental property owners in Minneapolis, Minnesota, asking general questions about their businesses and specific questions about how the pandemic has affected their ability to operate rental properties. In this paper, we present a descriptive analysis of the responses. Nearly half of the respondents to our survey reported that the pandemic affected their business in some way. In addition, we find associations between property owner stress and rents, portfolio size, property location, and owning physically-deficient properties. The results of our analysis will be useful for policymakers as they continue to confront the housing challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bottom trawling represents the most widespread anthropogenic physical disturbance to seafloor sediments on continental shelves. While trawling-induced changes to benthic ecology have been widely recognized, the impacts on long-term organic carbon storage in marine sediments remains uncertain. Here we combined datasets of sediment and bottom trawling for a heavily trawled region, the North Sea, to explore their potential mutual dependency. A pattern emerges when comparing the surface sediment organic carbon-to-mud ratio with the trawling intensity represented by the multi-year averaged swept area ratio. The organic carbon-to-mud ratio exhibits a systematic response to trawling where the swept area ratio is larger than 1 yr−1. Three-dimensional physical–biogeochemical simulation results suggest that the observed pattern is attributed to the correlated dynamics of mud and organic carbon during transport and redeposition in response to trawling. Both gain and loss of sedimentary organic carbon may occur in weakly trawled areas, whereas a net reduction of sedimentary organic carbon is found in intensely trawled grounds. Cessation of trawling allows restoration of sedimentary carbon stock and benthic biomass, but their recovery occurs at different timescales. Our results point out a need for management of intensely trawled grounds to enhance the CO2sequestration capacity in shelf seas.

Ernährung spielt seit jeher eine bedeutende Rolle im Management chronischer Nierenerkrankungen (CKD). Allerdings wird das Outcome bei CKD, wie die Mortalität, nicht nur vom fortschreitenden Verlust der Nierenfunktion, sondern mindestens ebenso stark auch vom Progress kardiovaskulärer Komplikationen beeinflusst. Ernährungsmedizinische Strategien sollten daher, wie moderne medikamentöse Maßnahmen (z. B. SGLT-2(Natrium-Glukose-Transporter-2)-Hemmer, Mineralocorticoidrezeptor-Antagonisten), nicht nur auf die renale, sondern gleichzeitig auch auf die kardiovaskuläre Progressionsverlangsamung gerichtet sein. In allen Stadien der CKD wird daher heute eine Ernährungsweise auf überwiegend pflanzlicher Basis empfohlen. Weitere Anpassungen der Ernährungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich Eiweiß- und Energiezufuhr, Natriumaufnahme und Trinkmenge sollten nicht eindimensional in Bezug auf die GFR(glomeruläre Filtrationsrate)-Stadien, sondern unter gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung der Albuminurie anhand der von KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) etablierten renalen und kardiovaskulären CKD-Risikokategorien definiert werden.

The integer Carathéodory rank of a pointed rational cone Cis the smallest number ksuch that every integer vector contained in Cis an integral non-negative combination of at most kHilbert basis elements. We investigate the integer Carathéodory rank of simplicial cones with respect to their multiplicity, i.e., the determinant of the integral generators of the cone. One of the main results states that simplicial cones with multiplicity bounded by five have the integral Carathéodory property, that is, the integer Carathéodory rank equals the dimension. Furthermore, we give a novel upper bound on the integer Carathéodory rank that depends on the dimension and the multiplicity. This bound improves upon the best known upper bound on the integer Carathéodory rank if the dimension exceeds the multiplicity. At last, we present special cones that have the integral Carathéodory property such as certain dual cones of Gorenstein cones.

Introduction: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of death among U.S. infants aged 28 days to 1 year. In Kansas, Hispanic infant mortality is nearly 50% higher than non-Hispanic White. Further, the SUID rate did not change between 2005-2018, while rates for non-Hispanic Black and White infants decreased significantly. This study sought to identify characteristics and behaviors of Hispanic birthing persons related to SUID. Methods: Linked Kansas birth/death vital statistics data (2005-2018) identified Hispanic birthing persons with a singleton birth who experienced SUID. To reduce confounding effects, greedy nearest neighbor matching paired each SUID case sequentially with the four nearest controls based on age, race, payor source and parity. Matching procedures, likelihood-ratio χ2, Fisher exact test and multiple logistic regression model with Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood estimation were computed. Results: Of 86,052 Hispanic singleton births, 66 involved SUID and were matched with 264 controls. No differences were related to marital status, population density of residence, education level, language spoken, prenatal BMI, weight gained during pregnancy, adequacy of prenatal care, enrollment in WIC, or state immunization registry participation (all p>0.05). However, tobacco use during pregnancy contributed to a three times greater risk of SUID (OR=3.208; 95% CI=1.438 to 7.154). Multivariable models for behavioral variables revealed low predictive accuracy with area under the ROC curve=0.6303. Conclusion: This study suggests SUID deaths to rural Hispanic families are likely multifaceted. Study results inform educational programs on the importance of addressing tobacco cessation in SUID risk reduction interventions for Hispanic families.

Purpose: Accuracy of image-guided liver surgery is challenged by deformation of the liver during the procedure. This study aims at improving navigation accuracy by using intraoperative deep learning segmentation and nonrigid registration of hepatic vasculature from ultrasound (US) images to compensate for changes in liver position and deformation. Methods: This was a single-center prospective study of patients with liver metastases from any origin. Electromagnetic tracking was used to follow US and liver movement. A preoperative 3D model of the liver, including liver lesions, and hepatic and portal vasculature, was registered with the intraoperative organ position. Hepatic vasculature was segmented using a reduced 3D U-Net and registered to preoperative imaging after initial alignment followed by nonrigid registration. Accuracy was assessed as Euclidean distance between the tumor center imaged in the intraoperative US and the registered preoperative image. Results: Median target registration error (TRE) after initial alignment was 11.6 mm in 25 procedures and improved to 6.9 mm after nonrigid registration (p= 0.0076). The number of TREs above 10 mm halved from 16 to 8 after nonrigid registration. In 9 cases, registration was performed twice after failure of the first attempt. The first registration cycle was completed in median 11 min (8:00–18:45 min) and a second in 5 min (2:30–10:20 min). Conclusion: This novel registration workflow using automatic vascular detection and nonrigid registration allows to accurately localize liver lesions. Further automation in the workflow is required in initial alignment and classification accuracy.

This contribution to the journal “Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)” delves into the critical role of Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG 17), “Partnership for the Goals,” in fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to further circular economy objectives. Aiming to address the existing research focus on isolated technical aspects within the circular economy, this study uses an expertise- and interaction-based foresight process to integrate perspectives from business, engineering, social sciences, and work and organizational psychology to unearth broader, interconnected challenges and solutions for the implementation of circular economy practices. Based on the pooled experience of experts within the foresight process, this contribution elucidates major challenges, ongoing issues, and prospective hurdles to be tackled by 2030 in circular economy, presenting an action plan centered on interdisciplinary cooperation and stakeholder engagement to advance labor conditions and continuous learning, sustainable and regenerative systems, minimize waste, and optimize resource efficiency. The collaborative action plan serves as a pivotal resource for the transformation task for researchers and practitioners, offers insights and strategic directions for implementing circular economy practices, and emphasizes collective responsibility and action in achieving global sustainability, all while aligning with the principles of SDG 17. The presented collaborative approach propels the discourse on sustainability forward, highlighting the potential of the circular economy in realizing a more sustainable world by 2030.

ABSTRACTApproximately 12.7% of Americans are considered to have a disability. Yet, despite belonging to a potentially significant voting bloc, people with disabilities report high rates of abstention from voting. Prior research examining difficulties those with disabilities can have in casting a ballot find that convenience voting reforms, such as mail-in voting rules, may increase the likelihood that an individual with a disability reports voting. States offer a variety of methods in which voters may cast a mail-in ballot and they vary in restrictiveness, raising the question of how these election administration laws affect turnout rates among people with disabilities. We examine the effects of state election administration laws on voter turnout at the state and individual levels for people with disabilities and compare them to their effects on the non-disabled population for the years 2008–2020. We find that convenience voting reforms such as same-day registration and election-day registration boost turnout for both populations by similar magnitudes while all mail elections decrease the turnout gap between people with disabilities and the non-disabled. We also find that strict photo identification laws have disparate effects on people with disabilities, similar to prior findings on marginalized groups.

The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are seeing increasing prominence, with a range of established and emerging applications—wireless backhaul for mobile networks for 5G and 6G infrastructure, automotive radar sensors, space-deployed radiometers for Earth observation, climate monitoring, weather forecasting, and more—exploiting these frequencies. Measurement techniques informed by the latest metrological research into the measurement of electrical quantities underpin the development of components and circuits for such applications by enabling the accurate and consistent measurement results to be obtained.

Semiconductor spin qubits offer the potential to employ industrial transistor technology to produce large-scale quantum computers. Silicon hole spin qubits benefit from fast all-electrical qubit control and sweet spots to counteract charge and nuclear spin noise. However, the demonstration of a two-qubit interaction has remained an open challenge. One missing factor is an understanding of the exchange coupling in the presence of a strong spin–orbit interaction. Here we study two hole-spin qubits in a silicon fin field-effect transistor, the workhorse device of today’s semiconductor industry. We demonstrate electrical tunability of the exchange splitting from above 500 MHz to close-to-off and perform a conditional spin-flip in 24 ns. The exchange is anisotropic because of the spin–orbit interaction. Upon tunnelling from one quantum dot to the other, the spin is rotated by almost 180 degrees. The exchange Hamiltonian no longer has the Heisenberg form and can be engineered such that it enables two-qubit controlled rotation gates without a trade-off between speed and fidelity. This ideal behaviour applies over a wide range of magnetic field orientations, rendering the concept robust with respect to variations from qubit to qubit, indicating that it is a suitable approach for realizing a large-scale quantum computer.

With the need to feed a growing world population, the efficiency of crop production is of paramount importance. To support breeding and field management, various characteristics of the plant phenotype need to be measured, a time-consuming process when performed manually. We present a robotic platform equipped with multiple laser and camera sensors for high-throughput, high-resolution in-field plant scanning. We create digital twins of the plants through 3D reconstruction. This allows the estimation of phenotypic traits, such as leaf area, leaf angle, and plant height. We validate our system on a real field, where we reconstruct accurate point clouds and meshes of sugar beet, soybean, and maize.

Since the 1990s, a number of governments in Germany and Europe have put better regulation and bureaucracy reduction on the political agenda and implemented corresponding reforms. In the face of increasing international competition, a growing body of regulation and the need to maintain and strengthen the legitimacy of legislative action, reforms are aimed at reducing regulatory compliance costs and the bureaucratic burden that regulations place on businesses, citizens and public administration.

The risk of cancer in patients with solitary colorectal juvenile polyps (JPs) is poorly investigated and several studies have reported polyps with dysplastic and adenomatous alterations. We aimed to investigate the long‐term risk of cancer and mortality in these patients by merging data from national registers and comparing them to a matched control cohort. Patients with a solitary JP were identified in The Danish National Pathology Register and Data Bank (DNPR). The included patients were matched on sex, age, and place of birth with 50 controls. The groups were then analyzed for risk of cancer using the Danish Cancer Registry and mortality using the Danish Cause of Death Registry. We identified 1781 patients with solitary JPs and matched them with 83,713 controls. The mean follow‐up time was 7.65 years for cases and 7.36 years for controls. The risk of cancer, including colorectal cancer, did not differ for the two groups and when adjusting for sex and year of birth, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.15 (confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.94–1.41, p= 0.162). There was no increased risk of death (HR: 1.07, CI 95% 0.88–1.30, p= 0.486). The risk did not differ for different age groups or sex. There is no increased risk of cancer or mortality for patients with solitary colorectal JPs. Thus, endoscopic follow‐up may be safely omitted in these patients.

All major rules and guidelines include fatigue design (FAT) classes for flush ground butt-welded joints. These FAT classes vary between FAT110 and FAT155; however, in the majority of cases, the underlying database and specimen-related details are unclear or unknown. This study evaluates 1003 fatigue test results gathered from various literature sources and tries to relate the fatigue strength improvement to typical specimen types and test conditions. To this goal, statistical methods based on correlation analysis are employed. Next, proposals for updates of rules and guidelines for flush ground butt-welded joints made of steel are established by determining new FAT classes and a suitable slope exponent. In addition, an overview of design standards and recommendations is given and main influencing factors are discussed.

AbstractGiven a Henselian valuation, we study its definability (with and without parameters) by examining conditions on the value group. We show that any Henselian valuation whose value group is not closed in its divisible hull is definable in the language of rings, using one parameter. Thereby we strengthen known definability results. Moreover, we show that in this case, one parameter is optimal in the sense that one cannot obtain definability without parameters. To this end, we present a construction method for a t-Henselian non-Henselian ordered field elementarily equivalent to a Henselian field with a specified value group.