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Die optimale und nachhaltige Gestaltung komplexer Prozesse in Produktionsunternehmen setzt ein strukturiertes Vorgehen in der Problemlösung voraus. Durch das breite Aufgabenspektrum und die miteinander in Konkurrenz stehenden Zielsetzungen gilt diese Rahmenbedingung insbesondere für das Supply Chain Management in der Automobilindustrie. Mit einem in mehrere Schritte gegliederten Prozess gelingen die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Rechenmodells zur Optimierung der Gesamtkosten im Teileversorgungsprozess. Dieses stellt unter Einbindung der beteiligten Fachbereiche die ganzheitliche Optimierung der Versorgungsgesamtkosten und die Durchführung effizienter Planungsschleifen im operativen Betrieb sicher. Der Datenqualität kommt hierbei eine besondere Bedeutung zu.

Das breite Spektrum an Tätigkeiten im Supply Chain Management und dessen bestehende Wechselwirkungen führen in Industrieunternehmen zu vielfältigen und herausfordernden Aufgabenstellungen. Für deren ganzheitliche Optimierung bildet eine detaillierte Prozesskostenrechnung die Grundlage. Hierfür sind ein umfassendes Verständnis logistischer Prozesse und die Verfügbarkeit einer von hoher inhaltlicher Qualität gekennzeichneten Datenbasis die Voraussetzung. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Entwicklung eines Rechenmodells zur Optimierung der Versorgungsgesamtkosten. In der Modellgestaltung kommt der Visualisierung der Eingangs- und Ergebnisgrößen im Sinne maximaler Transparenz hohe Bedeutung zu. Die Anwendung der Applikation gewährleistet eine datenbasierte Optimierung des Teileversorgungsprozesses.

The multiple COVID-19 vaccines developed over the past months are typically thought of as the only means to meet the challenges posed by the current pandemic. Still, public opinion on vaccines is heavily divided. And, of course, discussions about compulsory vaccination, oftentimes based on fundamental rights arguments, tend to become heated. This noteThis note builds on the arguments developed in the author’s master thesis Anja Krasser, ‘Die grundrechtliche Zulässigkeit einer Impfpflicht in Österreich’ (Universität Graz 2019) which have previously been summarized in Anja Krasser, ‘Zur grundrechtlichen Zulässigkeit einer Impfpflicht’ (2020) 2020/206 RdM 136.analyses the issues at hand based on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).

At the end of the first century CE, we see a broad reception of Catullus, both members of the nobility and professional writers such as Pliny the Younger, Martial and Statius. Three significant aspects are to be considered: By reading and adapting Catullus, they can establish a connection with the great writers of the past. Given the rise of Latin literary canons in the first century, Catullus is a particularly suitable model to be imitated, and maybe even to surpass. The most important aspect, for amateurs and professionals alike, is the social representation inherent in the act of reception. The Catullan oeuvre mainly appeals to writers because parts of its poetic programme can also be found in the set of rules the nobility abides by and in their sociable institutions. The way Catullus celebrates amicitiain his poems becomes a model of self-representation for an elite which seeks to impress with cultural savoir-faire; likewise, it serves to create consensus and self-assurance. Finally professional writers read and appropriate Catullus in like manner, with regard to social aspects. Catullan poetry serves as a way of displaying friendship, especially when looking at the interchange between poetaand patronus; this is quite similar to amateur poetry in the style of Pliny. It is a means of establishing proximity, familiarity and community between socially unequal parties.

Pressure-volume (p-V) analysis, instantaneous transpiration rate and relevant leaf structural information were used to compare leaf water relations for 23 angiosperm species from semiarid temperate loess-, sand- and saline steppe grasslands and several associated habitats representing a water availability gradient. For the species studied, the most marked differences occurred between grasses and dicots. Grasses in our survey possessed low (highly negative) osmotic potential both at water saturation and at turgor loss, moderate transpiration rate, relatively high leaf dry matter proportion (DMP) and - except for the sclerophyllous Festuca species - high specific leaf area (SLA, area per unit dry mass). In contrast, dicots had lower bulk tissue elasticity, higher (less negative) osmotic potentials, intense transpiration, and lower SLA andDMP than grasses. Therefore, grasses mainly invest in osmotic potential to extract water from drying soil, while dicots rely on relatively inelastic tissue that decreases water potential by a rapid drop of turgor with turgor loss occurring at relatively high water content. Habitat effects were significant for osmotic parameters only. Osmotic potential at full turgor and at turgor loss decreased in the following order: loess grassland ? sand grassland ??saline grassland ? loess wall. Life form influenced leaf structure only, since annuals possessed markedly higher SLA and lower DMP than perennials. Comparison of habitat specialist species within the same genus revealed that certain congeners (Achillea and Aster spp.) do not differ significantly in leaf water relations, thus they might rely on similar water supply in the three steppes. Other congeners (Festuca, Kochia and Plantago spp.) differed considerably, thus for these plants leaf function and structure must be different to ensure survival under the contrasting water regime. For the two generalist grasses (Cynodon dactylon and Dactylis glomerata) habitat-specific populations showed a tendency of increasing capacity for water extraction from soil (more negative water potential) with increasing habitat dryness, although differences were significant only between the extremes of the water availability gradient.

We introduce and discuss pseudo-simplicial complexes in ℝdas generalizations of pseudo-triangulations in ℝ2. Our approach is based on the concept of maximal locally convex functions on polytopal domains.

Order types are a means to characterize the combinatorial properties of a finite point configuration. In particular, the crossing properties of all straight-line segments spanned by a planar n-point set are reflected by its order type. We establish a complete and reliable data base for all possible order types of size n=10 or less. The data base includes a realizing point set for each order type in small integer grid representation. To our knowledge, no such project has been carried out before. We substantiate the usefulness of our data base by applying it to several problems in computational and combinatorial geometry. Problems concerning triangulations, simple polygonalizations, complete geometric graphs, and k-sets are addressed. This list of applications is not meant to be exhaustive. We believe our data base to be of value to many researchers who wish to examine their conjectures on small point configurations.

Pressure-volume (p-V) analysis, instantaneous transpiration rate and relevant leaf structural information were used to compare leaf water relations for 23 angiosperm species from semiarid temperate loess-, sand- and saline steppe grasslands and several associated habitats representing a water availability gradient. For the species studied, the most marked differences occurred between grasses and dicots. Grasses in our survey possessed low (highly negative) osmotic potential both at water saturation and at turgor loss, moderate transpiration rate, relatively high leaf dry matter proportion (DMP) and - except for the sclerophyllous Festucaspecies - high specific leaf area (SLA, area per unit dry mass). In contrast, dicots had lower bulk tissue elasticity, higher (less negative) osmotic potentials, intense transpiration, and lower SLA and DMP than grasses. Therefore, grasses mainly invest in osmotic potential to extract water from drying soil, while dicots rely on relatively inelastic tissue that decreases water potential by a rapid drop of turgor with turgor loss occurring at relatively high water content. Habitat effects were significant for osmotic parameters only. Osmotic potential at full turgor and at turgor loss decreased in the following order: loess grassland > sand grassland =saline grassland > loess wall. Life form influenced leaf structure only, since annuals possessed markedly higher SLA and lower DMP than perennials. Comparison of habitat specialist species within the same genus revealed that certain congeners (Achilleaand Asterspp.) do not differ significantly in leaf water relations, thus they might rely on similar water supply in the three steppes. Other congeners (Festuca, Kochiaand Plantagospp.) differed considerably, thus for these plants leaf function and structure must be different to ensure survival under the contrasting water regime. For the two generalist grasses (Cynodon dactylonand Dactylis glomerata)habitat-specific populations showed a tendency of increasing capacity for water extraction from soil (more negative water potential) with increasing habitat dryness, although differences were significant only between the extremes of the water availability gradient.

Laser annealing studies on CSD derived (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films were performed using a KrF-Excimer laser emitting light at a wavelength of λ=248nm with pulse duration of λ=20ns. The pulse energies and the number of pulses within one crystallization process were varied over a range of 10mJ/cm2 to 200mJ/cm2 and 10 to 10000 pulses. The appearance of crystallization was identified using microstructural analytical methods. The crystallization depth obtained was in the range of 30-150nm. Several different kinds of damage were identified depending on the laser and deposition parameters. The experimental results are interpreted by modeling of the heat distribution in the material using finite element method.

Es wurde der oberflächenverstärkte Ramaneffekt von Benzol adsorbiert auf katalytischen Nickel- und Platinteilchen und von kalt aufgedampften Kupferfilmen untersucht. Die Schwingungsbanden von Benzol sind nur unwesentlich verschoben verglichen mit festem Benzol. Es wurden zusätzliche Schwingungsbanden gefunden, die im freien Benzol symmetrieverboten sind. Diese Banden resultieren von der niedrigen Mikrosymmetrie des Moleküls auf der Oberfläche. Die Ramanverstärkung ist stark abhängig von Größe und Form der Metallteilchen. Um ein besseres Verständnis der Abhängigkeit von geometrischen Faktoren zu erlangen, haben wir damit begonnen, die optischen Eigenschaften kleiner Teilchen und ihre Wechselwirkung mit adsorbierten Molekülen zu studieren. Es werden erste Ergebnisse von matrixisolierten Kupferclustern diskutiert.

The sidebands of the zero phonon band of the phosphorescence transition are investigated in Cr3+:Alha6J3single crystals for several Cr (III)-concentrations. At low Cr (III)-concentrations of 2 mol-% the electronic transitions can be assigned to the zero phonon transition of the phosphorescence and the corresponding phonon sidebands with the aid of polarisation measurements, the temperature behaviour of the bands and the isotope effect. Under the influence of a trigonal field D3combined with spin-orbit coupling, both transitions and are observed. The phonon sidebands and the internal vibrational sidebands of the transition are compared with infrared and Raman vibrational bands.

The optical phonons of an Al(ha)6J3single crystal are measured in dependence of the polarisation of the incident and scattered light waves at K ≈ 0. The phonons are assigned to the irreducible representations according to the correlation method. At low wavenumbers, two intensive bands are found, which are assigned to vibrational modes of the aluminium and iodine atoms. The iodine atoms are classified according to irreducible representations of the site symmetries Ciand C2. The Raman spectrum suggests definitely the site symmetry C2. The phonons of the urea molecules agree with the phonons of a pure urea crystal except for small frequency shifts. Besides there are measured some vibrational bands in the range of 200 -450 cm-1, which result from vibrational modes caused by the coordinative bonding of the urea molecules via their oxygen atoms to the aluminium ions.

We use Raman spectroscopy to investigate the vibrational behaviour of simple molecules chemisorbed on catalytic metallic surfaces. The vibrational modes of the adsorbed species can be described in the approximation of a surface molecule. The interaction between the localized vibrational modes and the phonons of the metal is assumed to be small. The assignment of the vibrations to irreducible representations of the adsorbed molecule and the change of selection rules is discussed for carbon monoxide, benzene and ethylene.

The luminescence spectra of the polycrystalline compounds [Cr(CH2NH2COO)3 · H2O] and [Cr2(OH)2(CH2NH2COO)4] are investigated in the temperature range of 120K – 4.2K. From the known crystal structure (P21/c=D2h/5) of the mononuclear compound assignment of the zero-phonon bands based on crystal field theory becomes possible. Both of the highly intense phosphorescence transitions are observed at $$P_1 = 14493 cm^{ - 1} ({}^2A'' \xrightarrow{{0.0}} {}^4A) and P_2 = 14428 cm^{ - 1} ({}^2A' \xrightarrow{{0.0}} {}^4A)$$ . Assignment of the accompanying vibronic bands is made from the measured infrared data. Crystal field parameters Dq, B and C are determined from the luminescence and reflectance spectra.

Brillouin scattering experiments have been performed in the liquid phase of neopentane near the liquid-plastic crystal transition. The spectra are well represented by a sum of three lorentzians. No evidence was found for the possible existence of an additional central peak corresponding to a thermal relaxation mode. Neither the sound velocity nor the Brillouin width show an anomalous behaviour near the liquid-plastic transition.

Glutamate mutase [(B12)1] was reconstituted by incubating purified components E () and S () from Clostridium cochlearium, both produced in Escherichia coli, with either aquo‐ or cyanocobalamin. The inactive glutamate mutase obtained was crystallized with polyethyleneglycol 4000 as precipitant. Crystals are monoclinic with space group P21and have cell dimensions a= 64.6, b= 113.2, c= 108.4 Å and β = 96.0° for the glutamate mutase reconstituted with aquocobalamin. They diffract to a resolution of at least 2.7 Å. Isolated component S was crystallized in the presence of an excess of cyanocobalamin, yielding red crystals of space group I422 with unit‐cell dimensions of a= b= 69.9 and c= 107.1 Å. The crystals diffract to about 3.2 Å resolution. Native data sets were collected for both crystal forms.

A definite correlation between the thermal and electronic properties of Y1Ba2CuxOy perovskite materials has been observed using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS). The compound Y1Ba2Cu3O7-z shows anomalous transition enthalpy and copper-oxygen hybridization with respect to other compounds with different copper content.

The 4T2g→4A2g-and 2Eg→4A2g-transitions of the compounds [Cr(atp)6]X3(atp=antipyrene; X: SO3F; BF4; SCN; ClO4) are investigated in the temperature range of 150 °K to 4.2 °K.

The thiocyanates of the transition metals iron, cobalt, copper as well as of rhenium and of tech-netium appear in solution as strongly coloured complexes. The resonance raman bands in the sol-vent acetonitrile are investigated. To achieve an unambiguous identification the infrared spectra were recorded too. The change in position and structure of the acetonitrile bands indicates strong complexation of iron, cobalt and copper with acetonitrile, thus indicating the existence of mixed acetonitrile-thiocyanate complexes. The resonance raman spectra of the rhenium-and technetium-thiocyanates present as tetramethyl ammonium salts show however no raman-and infrared-bands of complexed acetonitrile molecules.

The infrared spectra of potassium and cesium hexafluorotechnetate (IV) and -rhenate(IV) show a D4h-distortion of the octahedral complex ions. The splitting of degeneracies is not due to site symmetry. The linear combinations of the force constants of the irreducible representations A2u and Euare determined in the valence force field on the basis of D4h-symmetry. As expected the force constants of stretching vibrations of [TcF6]--are then smaller than those of [ReF6]--.

The infrared and Raman spectra of the complex salts K5[Mn(CN)6], K5[Tc(CN)6] and K5[Re(CN)s] have been recorded in the range from 4000 to 40 cm-1. All expected fundamental vibrations have been observed and could be assigned to the irreducible representations of the sym­metry point group Oh . The calculation of the force constants is based on the concept of the generalized valence force field. The low CN-valence force constants indicate the relatively strong Π-bonding character of the metal carbon bond, which is especially pronounced for K5[Tc(CN)6).

The Raman and infrared spectra of the potassium and caesium salts of [TcX6]--and [ReX6]--(X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been measured in the range from 1000 to 45 cm-1. The force constants are determined in the valence force field and in the standard Urey-Bradley field on the basis of the Oh-symmetry. The fundamental vibration ν6is calculated from the force constants. Apart from the fluoro-compounds the bond-stretching force constants of the technetium complexes are shown to be smaller than those of the analogous rhenium complexes. Except for the iodo-compounds a distortion of the octahedral structure progressive in degree towards X = F can be concluded from the splitting of degeneracies.

Zusammenfassung Vermehrt auftretende Nachblutungen insbesondere nach Pneumolysenoperationen seit der Einführung des INH werden zum Anlaß genauerer Untersuchungen genommen. Nach einem Überblick über die Pharmakologie des INH und die bisherigen Veröffentlichungen über die Nebenerscheinungen des INH werden die einzelnen Untersuchungsmethoden dargelegt.

Nachdem durch die Arbeiten von Schmidle (1922), Meesmann (1925/26), Arn. Heim (1928), Muheim (1934) und Renz (1937/38) die tektonische Entstehung des alpinen Oberrheintales als erwiesen gelten kann, dürfte es im Hinblick auf die früheren Streitfragen über den Anteil der Glazialerosion an der Bildung des Rheintales angebracht sein, sich über Umfang und zeitliche Einordnung des diluvialen Formenschatzes ein nunmehr unbefangeneres Bild zu verschaffen. Die Hauptbezugsfläche für die zeitliche Einordnung des diluvialen Formenschatzes im Rheintal bildet die Sockelfläche des Deckenschotters, die am unteren Bodensee-Ende (Schienerberg, Seerücken) in 680-700 m liegt, und von den meisten Autoren als präglazial gewertet wird. Auf diese Fläche beziehbare Talbodenreste liegen im Rheintal oberhalb des Bodensees zunächst am Pfänder und Rohrschacher Berg in 850 m, weiter bei Feldkirch in 900 m. Illaufwärts ist der präglaziale Talboden im Montafon als weiträumiges 1500-m-System erhalten. Dagegen sind im Rheintal oberhalb Feldkirch und in den zugehörigen Seiten- und Quelltälern nur vereinzelte Talbodenreste erhalten, deren Zusammenhang in nur wenigen Fällen erwiesen sein dürfte. Vielmehr gehört ein Großteil davon verschiedenen präglazialen Talgeschlechtern an. Völlig isoliert ist z. B. die Verflachung am Fläscher Berg in 920-950 m; vermutlich gleich alte Leisten liegen im Prätigau in 1000-1060 m, an der Plessurmündung in 1100-1200 m, bei Churwalden in 1200-1300 m, bei der Via Mala in 1300 m, im Oberhalbstein (Crap-Sees) in 1380-1400 m und (bei Cresta) in über 1600 m, bei Scbmitten und Wiesen in 1300 bis 1400 m und zwischen Filisur und Bergün in 1440-1550 m. Im Schams sind vom präglazialen Talboden nur mehr Simse in 1300-1400 m erhalten, erst bei Hinteuhein liegt in 1700 m eine größere Verebnung. Der Rheinwald dürfte damals noch ein V-Tal gewesen sein. Im Vorderrheintal zeigen Leisten zwischen Brigels und Disentis den präglazialen Talboden in 1300-1500 m, eine Stufe des Medelser Rheins bei Aela in 1620 m an. Das ist in großen Zügen alles, was vom präglazialen Talboden erhalten geblieben ist. Von der Günz-Eiszeit sind im Rheintal, ähnlich wie in den meisten anderen Alpentälern, nach dem heutigen Stande der Kenntnis weder Ablagerungen noch Formen erhalten geblieben.

The introduction of the laser as an excitation source in Raman spectroscopy offers numerous new possibilities of investigations but demands the design of new types of sample cells specially suited for laser application. Two cells for work with molten salts corrosive to glass and quartz and a simple cell for melts noncorrosive to glass are described. The best results are obtained with a cell which provides total utilization of the laser energy for excitation by multiple reflection of the laser beam. In addition, some necessary accessories for molten salt work, i.e., a gas heater and filtration equipment to free the melt of suspended impurities which might cause an undesirable level of Tyndall and Rayleigh scattering, are mentioned.

The temperature dependence of the elastic shear constant C44of cubic potassium cyanide has been measured by optical Brillouin spectroscopy in the temperature range from 300-168 K. A strong softening of the constant C44was found in agreement with the results of ultrasonic and neutron measurements.