43 results on '"Krämer, U."'
Search Results
2. Bedeutung und Wirksamkeit von Peer-Arbeit in der psychiatrischen Versorgung
- Author
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Mahlke, C., Krämer, U., Kilian, R., and Becker, T.
- Published
- 2015
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3. L3 phases: Their structure and dynamic properties.
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Kilian, H. -G., Lagaly, G., Corti, M., Mallamace, F., Miller, C. A., Gradzielski, M., Hoffmann, H., Krämer, U., and Thunig, C.
- Abstract
The phase behavior of ternary systems made from alkyldimethylaminoxide as zwitterionic surfactant, long-chain alcohols as cosurfactant, and water was investigated with respect to the occurrence of a L3 phase. In almost all of the systems, it was possible to verify the existence of such a phase in the vicinity of a corresponding lamellar phase. In addtion, in the case of C14DMAO with heptanol and its higher homologues, it was possible, not only to obtain a conventional L3 phase, but also a principally similar phase at lower cosurfactant concentrations (L′3 phase) that differs from the first one mainly by its much higher viscosity and by a much more pronounced streaming birefringence. All the L3 phases investigated were characterized by means of electrical birefringence experiments, dynamic light-scattering, and viscosity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1991
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4. Parental sun protection management in preschool children
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Abeck, D., Feucht, J., Schäfer, T., Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., and Ring, J.
- Abstract
A total of 287 children (5 to 8 years old) were investigated for parental sun protection management techniques in a questionnaire‐based survey. We evaluated the parents' knowledge about the risk of melanoma, their level of education, their nationality and the child's skin type with the children's use of sunscreen, clothes and shade. In general, the parents' knowledge about the correlation of skin cancer with extensive sun exposure in childhood was good. There was no correlation between the level of parental education and the frequency of sun protection measures. Children of non‐German parents had significantly less sun protection. Our results indicate the need for special teaching programs for children in Germany to achieve a more responsible sun protection management.
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- 2000
- Full Text
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5. Parental sun protection management in preschool children
- Author
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Abeck, D., Feucht, J., Schäfer, T., Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., and Ring, J.
- Abstract
A total of 287 children (5 to 8 years old) were investigated for parental sun protection management techniques in a questionnaire-based survey. We evaluated the parents' knowledge about the risk of melanoma, their level of education, their nationality and the child's skin type with the children's use of sunscreen, clothes and shade. In general, the parents' knowledge about the correlation of skin cancer with extensive sun exposure in childhood was good. There was no correlation between the level of parental education and the frequency of sun protection measures. Children of non-German parents had significantly less sun protection. Our results indicate the need for special teaching programs for children in Germany to achieve a more responsible sun protection management.
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- 2000
- Full Text
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6. Electroexcitation of isoscalar and isovector magnetic dipole transitions in 12C and isospin mixing
- Author
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von Neumann-Cosel, P., Gräf, H.-D., Krämer, U., Richter, A., and Spamer, E.
- Abstract
The excitation of the Jπ;T=1+;0and 1+;1states at Ex=12.71and 15.11 MeV in 12C has been studied at momentum transfers q<0.5fm−1in inelastic electron scattering. The corresponding ground state radiation widths and transition radii for the isoscalar and isovector transition are deduced as Γγ0=0.32(2)eV, Rtr=2.95(9)fm and Γγ0=35.9(6)eV, Rtr=2.63(4)fm, respectively. For the evaluation of Γγ0and Rtrfor the transition to the 15.11 state (e,e′), data of the present work have been combined with older data from other low energy electron accelerators. The results support the strong isospin mixing of the two 1+states, and in the frame of a two-state model a Coulomb matrix element 〈HC〉=118(8)keV is derived. This value agrees with other experiments using electromagnetic or pionic probes but is much more accurate. Furthermore, the measured difference in the transition radii for the isoscalar and isovector transitions allows for the first time a unique determination of the sign of 〈HC〉.
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- 2000
- Full Text
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7. Subcellular localization and speciation of nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator Thlaspi species.
- Author
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Krämer, U, Pickering, I J, Prince, R C, Raskin, I, and Salt, D E
- Abstract
The ability of Thlaspi goesingense Hálácsy to hyperaccumulate Ni appears to be governed by its extraordinary degree of Ni tolerance. However, the physiological basis of this tolerance mechanism is unknown. We have investigated the role of vacuolar compartmentalization and chelation in this Ni tolerance. A direct comparison of Ni contents of vacuoles from leaves of T. goesingense and from the non-tolerant non-accumulator Thlaspi arvense L. showed that the hyperaccumulator accumulates approximately 2-fold more Ni in the vacuole than the non-accumulator under Ni exposure conditions that were non-toxic to both species. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy we have been able to determine the likely identity of the compounds involved in chelating Ni within the leaf tissues of the hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator. This revealed that the majority of leaf Ni in the hyperaccumulator was associated with the cell wall, with the remaining Ni being associated with citrate and His, which we interpret as being localized primarily in the vacuolar and cytoplasm, respectively. This distribution of Ni was remarkably similar to that obtained by cell fractionation, supporting the hypothesis that in the hyperaccumulator, intracellular Ni is predominantly localized in the vacuole as a Ni-organic acid complex.
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- 2000
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8. TEM Investigation of Dislocations in RNi2B2C (R = Y, Tb, Ho, Er, Y0.6Tb0.4, Er0.8Tb0.2)
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Yang‐Bitterlich, W. and Krämer, U.
- Abstract
To evaluate the influence of different rare earth metals on dislocation type and stacking fault occurrence in RNi2B2C compounds samples with R = Y, Tb, Ho, Er, Y0.6Tb0.4and Er0.8Tb0.2were investigated. As a result of the TEM analysis the parameter decisive for the lattice defects in these compounds is not the type of components but the annealing treatment of the samples. In well homogenized material the dominant Burgers vector of perfect dislocations was <100] and stacking faults are hardly found. In inhomogeneous samples the dominant Burgers vector was <110] and the perfect dislocations often lie in the planes of the numerous stacking faults. In both types of materials the experimental results hint at the existence of two different slip systems.
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- 2000
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9. TEM Investigation of Stacking Faults in the Superconducting Compound YNi2B2C
- Author
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Yang, W., Krämer, U., Behr, G., and Graw, G.
- Abstract
To evaluate the influence of composition and high‐temperature heat treatment on the occurrence of stacking faults and intergrowths in the layered superconducting compound YNi2B2C a series of polycrystalline samples and a single crystal were investigated by TEM. Stacking faults were found in the most inhomogeneous sample only, which was annealed at 1100°C. Homogenisation at temperatures of 1450°C and higher results in a recovery of stacking faults. The observed faults should develop during crystallisation by formation of extra planes of YC or Ni2B, resulting in a local deviation from the stoichiometric composition. In highly faulted areas the distance of stacking faults was about 50nm. These faults have apparently no influence on the superconduction transition temperature Tc.
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- 1999
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10. Airway diseases and allergies in East and West German children during the first 5 years after reunification: time trends and the impact of sulphur dioxide and total suspended particles.
- Author
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Krämer, U, Behrendt, H, Dolgner, R, Ranft, U, Ring, J, Willer, H, and Schlipköter, H W
- Abstract
East-West comparison studies in Europe find higher prevalences of infectious airway diseases and lower prevalences of allergies in eastern areas. Pollution from sulphur dioxide (SO2) or total suspended particles (TSP) are discussed as causes of this difference.
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- 1999
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11. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Juhl, C., Pørksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th., Müller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Björn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H.-M., Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T.-P., Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., de Boks, P., de Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D’Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., MacAlpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M., Kozáková, H., Kaas, A., Kofronová, O., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sørensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Haskó, G., Szabó, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Van Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H.-H., Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabák, Á. Gy., Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Cantón, A., Burgos, R., Hernández, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simó, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., McDermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y.-S., Sternesjö, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M.-C., Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Bréant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., van der Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, De Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessières-Lacombe, S., Tauber, J.-P., Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Steiner, G., Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Vergès, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph., Benko, B., Ljubić, S., Turk, Z., Granić, M., März, W., Wollschläger, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O’Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., de Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Van Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Simán, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rość, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Škrha, J., Kvasnička, J., Kalvodová, B., Hilgertová, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpé, S., De Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th. D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Häring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., McKinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnæs, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa., Osterhoff, M., Möhlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Fürnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Båvenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kästenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Van Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovská, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosová, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefèbvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valéro, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., de Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jørgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Høy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patanè, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., de Vos, P., Visser, L., de Haan, B. J., Klok, P., van Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Hsu, B. R.-S., Nacher, V., Pérez, M., Biarnés, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Büsing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hücking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Bouček, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kožitarová, R., Jedináková, T., Vlasáková, Z., Skibová, J., Bartoš, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J.-C., Gillespie, J. S., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Véricel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P.-O., MŞengül, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Özer, E., Karşidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, İ., Dinççaǧ, N., Yılmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., van der Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., van der Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., McGee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hägglöf, B., Lugari, R., Dell’Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa., Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., García-Martínez, J. A., Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahrén, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E.-J., Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H.-U., Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Goldstein, David S., Van Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L.-B., Eriksson, K.-F., Rosén, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., de Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph., Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., de Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martínez, J., Sánchez, V., Santana, C., García, I., Macías, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Löblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Göpel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renström, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. F., Vessby, B., Manuel y Keenoy, B., Engelen, W., Vertommen, J., Schrans, S., Louheranta, A., Lindström, J., Tuomilehto, J., Segal, K. R., Heymsfield, S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M., Lucas, C., Pandolfi, A., Cetrullo, D., Polishchuck, R., Alberta, M., Pellegrini, G., Calafiore, A., Vitacolonna, E., Capani, F., Consoli, A., Halleux, C. M., Gillot, E. F., Brichard, S. M., Van der Planken, M., Corthouts, B., Peiffer, F., Scholten, D., Walke, M., Assert, R., Pirags, V., Pedula, K. L., Hillier, T. A., Brown, J. B., Santini, S. A., Marra, G., Cotroneo, P., Manto, A., Di Leo, M. A. S., Di Gregorio, S., Tordi, A., Pitocco, D., Ruotolo, V., Ghirlanda, G., Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T., Schaper, F., Koehler, C., Henkel, E., Hanefeld, M., Mancini, L., Citterio, F., Cotroneo, A., Ceroone, S., Castagneto, M., Rajbhandari, S. M., Dent, M. T., Plater, M. E., Harris, N. D., Tesfaye, S., Ward, J. D., Dupuy, O., Mayaudon, H., Lecoules, S., Bauduceau, B., Palou, M., Farret, O., Molinié, C., Antonelli-Incalzi, R., Fuso, L., Giordano, A., Calcagni, M. L., Todaro, L., Basso, S., Tramaglino, L. M., Troncone, L., Pistelli, R., Guillot, R., Bringuier, A., Porokhov, B., Guillausseau, P. J., Feldmann, G., Zivanic, S., Cizmic, M., Dragojevic, R., Vanovic, M., Borghouts, L. B., van Kranenburg, G. P. J., Schaart, G., Keizer, H. A., Niess, A. M., Dickuth, H. H., Lutz, O., Barbe, P., Calazel-Fournier, C., Hernandez, G., Saint-Martin, F., Galitzky, J., Gonçalves, A. A., da Silva, E. C., Brito, I. J. L., da Silva, C. A., Lawrence, N. J., Kousta, E., Mulnier, H., Penny, A., Millauer, B., Johnston, D. G., Robinson, S., Perriello, G., Pimenta, W., Pampanelli, S., Lucidi, P., Lepore, M., Porcellati, F., Cordoni, M. C., De Feo, P., Bolli, G. B., Sjöstrand, M., Holmäng, A., Lönnroth, P., Hauer, B., Grauer, P., Artzner, S., Lang, R., Stumvoll, M., Monti, L. D., Piatti, P. 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S., Saponara, C., Tartaglione, T., Cercone, S., Caputo, S., Meloni, T., Brunetti, D., Di Lazzaro, V., Xu, G., Jiang, H. Y., Shy, M. E., Sugimoto, K., Zhang, W.-X., Kuchmerovskaya, T., Donchenko, G., Shymansky, I., Kuchmerovsky, N., Pakyrbaeva, L., Cameron, N. E., Keegan, A., Cotter, M. A., Mirrlees, D., Smale, S. E., Biessels, G. J., Duis, S. E. J., Kamal, A., Gispen, W. H., Carrington, A., Carman, S., Smiarowski, H., Lavoie, D., Sawicki, D., Sabetta, A., Litchfield, J., Van Zandt, M., Sredy, J., Smirnova, V., Strokov, I., Ivanova, L., Ichunina, A., Nakamura, J., Nakayama, M., Hamada, Y., Chaya, S., Kato, K., Kasuya, Y., Mizubayashi, R., Miwa, K., Yasuda, Y., Kamiya, H., Hotta, N., Bíró, K., Kukorelli, T., Szilágyi, N., Kürthy, M., Komáromy, A., Mogyorosi, T., Nagy, K., Çakir, M., Baskal, N., Güllü, S., Elhan, A. H., Erdogan, G., Ziegler, D., Piolot, R., Neubauer, J., Senesi, B., Bonetti, R., Napolitano, A., Canepa, F., Ottonello, P., Schabmann, A., Giménez-Pérez, G., Arroyo, J. A., López, T., Ponz, E., Mauricio, D., Diem, P., Zanchin, L., Suter, S. L., Lefrandt, J. D., Smit, A., van Roon, A. M., Dullaart, R., Voita, D., Mackevics, V., Vitols, A., Lengyel, Cs., Farkas, Gy., Török, T., Légrády, P., Várkonyi, T. T., Kardos, A., Gingl, Z., Kempler, P., Rudas, L., Lonovics, J., Marchand, M., Stevens, L. K., Tarnás, Gy., Estrella, F., Christensen, N. J., Keresztes, K., Barna, I., Hermányi, Zs., Vargha, P., Bonnevie, L., Chanudet, X., Larroque, P., Tutuncu, N. Bascil, Deger, A., Batur, M. K., Yildirir, A., Onalan, O., Aksöyek, S., Kabakçι, G., Erbaş, T., Galicka-Latała, D., Surdacki, A., Gerritsen, J., TenVoorde, B. J., Heethaar, R. M., Tagawa, T. S., Kodama, M., Yoshioka, R., Yamasaki, Y., Didangelos, T., Athyros, V., Kontopoulos, A., Papageorgiou, A., Karamitsos, D., Lacigová, S., Rušavý, Z., Kárová, R., Perrild, H., Kay, L., Jørgensen, T., Bień, A. I., Witek, P., Geraldes, Elizabete, Rodrigues, D., Pereira, L., Doménech, A., Leitão, P., Anagnostopoulos, D., Foster, A. V. M., Nag, S., Barsoum, M., Lewis, G., Dunlop, N., Connolly, V., Bilous, R., Kelly, W., Chantelau, E., Gede, A., Sharman, D., O’Halloran, D., Best, C., Abbas, Z. G., Lutale, J., Gill, G. V., Jarvis, W. R., Archibald, L. K., Corcoran, S., Mansell, J., Pibworth, L., Terada, H., Shiba, T., Utugi, N., Utugi, T., Blum, M., Strobel, J., Höffken, K., Razvi, F. M., Kritzinger, E. E., Taylor, K., Jones, S., Illahi, W., Grüβer, M., Hartmann, P., Hoffstadt, K., van Leiden, H. A., Moll, A. C., Polak, B. C. P., Pietragalla, G. B., Maurino, M., Montanaro, M., Karadeniz, Ş., Tommasini, P., Quadrini, C., Demiraj, V., Rispoli, E., Ota, A., Takama, H., Saito, N., Hemández, C., Lepore, D., Antico, L., Giardina, B., Franconi, F., Michoud, E., Chamot, S., Riva, Ch., Hammes, H.-P., Renner, O., Breier, G., Lin, J., Alt, A., Betzholtz, C., Bretzel, R. G., Manti, R., Gallo, M., Molinar Hin, A., Brignardello, E., Boccuzzi, G., Li, Shanfang, Xiang, Kunsan, Zhang, Rugeng, Shangguan, Xinhong, Wu, Jianrong, Donnan, P. T., Broomhall, J., Hunter, K., Morris, A. D., Ioannidis, G., Peppa, M., Rontogianni, E., Kallifronas, M., Lekatsas, I., Chrysanthopoulou, G., Anthopoulos, L., Kesse, M., Thalassinos, N., Neves, C., Medina, J. L., Lopes, F., Yılmaz, M., Güvener, N., Güvener, M., Kocagöz, T., Böke, E., Paşaoglu, I., Bascil Tutuncu, N., Oto, A., Karvonen, M. K., Koulu, M., Pesonen, U., Mercuri, M., Rauramaa, R., Rutter, M. K., Kestevan, P., McComb, J. M., Marshall, S. M., Sobieska, M., Wiktorowicz, K., Kanters, S. D. J. M., Banga, J. D., Algra, A., Frijns, C. J. M., Beutler, J. J., Fijnheer, R., Nicoloff, G., Baydanoff, S., Stanimirova, N., Petrova, Ch., Lario, S., Campistol, J. M., Cases, A., Clària, J., Iñigo, P., Esmatjcs, E., Sármán, B., Tóth, M., Kocsis, I., Somogyi, A., Bumbure, A., Jachimowicz, K., Samson, J., Tomasiak, M., Sobol, A., Stańczyk, L., Watala, C., Stradina, P., Wiśniewska-Jarosińska, M., Marciniak, D., Więcławska, B., Watała, C., Golański, J., Zinnat, R., Mahmud, I., Büyükasik, Yahya, Demiroğlu, H., Szczepanik, A., Skowroński, M., Murawska, A., Meeking, D. R., Allard, S., Munday, J., Chowienczyk, P., Shaw, K. M., Cummings, M. H., Šimková, R., Jirsa, M., Hadoke, P. W. F., McIntyre, C. A., Jones, G. C., Williams, B. C., Elliott, A. I., McKnight, J. A., Pernow, J., Bombonato, G. C., Finucci, G. F., Zotta, L., Senses, V., Ozyazgan, S., Ince, E., Tunçdemir, M., Oztürk, M., Sultuybek, G., Akkan, A. G., Özyazgan, S., Unlücerci, Y., Bekpınar, S., Meyer, M. F., Lee, B. C., Shore, A. C., Humphreys, J. M., Tooke, J. E., Dell’Omo, G., Giovannitti, G., Caricato, F., Mariani, M., Pedrinelli, R., Kiviet-Boehm, C., Schwelling, V., Matthäei, S., Pfohl, M., McInerney, D., Itoh, H., Ohno, T., Katoh, N., Baumgartner-Parzer, S., Artwohl, M., Graier, W., Ludwig, C., Tachi, Y., Bannai, C., Shinohara, M., Shimpuku, H., Ohura, K., Bertacca, A., Sasvári, M., Szaleczki, E., Pusztai, P., Boes, U., Klaus, E., Dittrich, P., Wagner, Z., Wittmann, I., Pótó, L., Wagner, L., Mazák, I., Nagy, J., Feletto, F., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Russo, A., Selmo, V., Ceriello, A., Lekakis, J., Papamichael, C. M., Stamatelopoulos, K., Stamatelopoulos, S., Yillar, D. O., Gay, M., Lillaz, E., Passaro, A., Vanini, A., Calzoni, F., D’Elia, K., Carantoni, M., Zuliani, G., Fellin, R., Solini, A., Chwatko, G., Bald, E., Dramais, A.-S., Wallemacq, P. E., Vandeleene, B., Ciaria, M. V., Ariano, M., Strom, R., Gibney, J., Weiss, U., Turner, B., O’Gorman, P., Watts, G., Powrie, J., Crook, M., Shaw, K., and Cummings, M.
- Published
- 1999
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12. Age of entry to day nursery and allergy in later childhood
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Krämer, U, Heinrich, J, Wjst, M, and Wichmann, H-E
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- 1999
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13. Molecular dissection of the role of histidine in nickel hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense (Hálácsy).
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Persans, M W, Yan, X, Patnoe, J M, Krämer, U, and Salt, D E
- Abstract
To understand the role of free histidine (His) in Ni hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense, we investigated the regulation of His biosynthesis at both the molecular and biochemical levels. Three T. goesingense cDNAs encoding the following His biosynthetic enzymes, ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (THG1, GenBank accession no. AF003347), imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase (THB1, GenBank accession no. AF023140), and histidinol dehydrogenase (THD1, GenBank accession no. AF023141) were isolated by functional complementation of Escherichia coli His auxotrophs. Northern analysis of THG1, THD1, and THB1 gene expression revealed that each gene is expressed in both roots and shoots, but at the concentrations and dosage times of Ni treatment used in this study, these genes failed to show any regulation by Ni. We were also unable to observe any increases in the concentration of free His in root, shoot, or xylem sap of T. goesingense in response to Ni exposure. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of root and shoot tissue from T. goesingense and the non-accumulator species Thlaspi arvense revealed no major differences in the coordination of Ni by His in these tissues. We therefore conclude that the Ni hyperaccumulation phenotype in T. goesingense is not determined by the overproduction of His in response to Ni.
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- 1999
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14. Experimental results for the L3 phase in a zwitterionic surfactant system and their implications regarding structures
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Miller, C. A., Gradzielski, M., Hoffmann, H., Krämer, U., and Thunig, C.
- Abstract
Conditions for existence of the L
3 phase have been determined for a system containing water, n-hexanol, and the zwitterionic surfactant n-tetradecyldimethylamineoxide. Electric birefringence, light-scattering, rheology, and electrical-conductivity experiments were performed on this phase. Results are consistent with the existence of platelike micelles, whose diameter changes with surfactant concentration in such a way that it remains comparable to mean plate spacing. This behavior can be understood in terms of a previous L3 phase theory containing randomly oriented plates.- Published
- 1990
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15. High-temperature creep and structure investigation of nearly stoichiometric Fe3Si
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Oertel, C. G., Krämer, U., and Kleinstück, K.
- Abstract
Single crystals of nearly stoichiometric Fe
3 Si were creep-deformed at temperatureT = 450 to 850° C and applied stresss=40 to 250 MPa. While the temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate of crystals with less than 25 at% Si can be described by an exponential function exp (-?Hexp /kT), the Fe-26 at% Si samples show an exponential dependence only below 500° C and above 600° C. At intermediate temperatures the dependence is weak. It is suggested that in this intermediate range two phases exist. The experimental results are consistent with the assumption that the phase boundaries do not hinder dislocation movement, and that the disocation velocity in the two phases is different.- Published
- 1986
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16. Intake and health effects of thallium among a population living in the vicinity of a cement plant emitting thallium containing dust
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Brockhaus, A., Dolgner, R., Ewers, U., Krämer, U., Soddemann, H., and Wiegand, H.
- Abstract
In order to assess the degree of thallium exposure in a population living around a thallium emitting cement plant in a small city in North-West Germany thallium levels in 24 h urine samples of 1,265 subjects and in hair samples of 1,163 subjects were determined. Urinary thallium levels in two groups of subjects living in an urban and a rural area of West Germany were determined for reference. As compared to these subjects the population living around the cement plant exhibited obvious signs of increased thallium intake. The mean urinary thallium concentration was 2.6 µg/1 and ranged up to 76.5 pg/1. In contrast, the mean urinary thallium levels of the two reference groups were 0.2 and 0.4 µg/1, respectively. Hair thallium levels of the population living around the cement plant were also markedly increased (mean: 9.5 ng/g). The major route of the population's increased intake of thallium was found to be the consumption of vegetables and fruit grown in private gardens in the vicinity of the cement plant. As was shown by chemical analyses vegetables and fruit grown in these gardens were contaminated by thallium-containing atmospheric dust fall-out caused by emissions of the cement plant. The pulmonary route of uptake as well as other sources did not seem to play a significant role in the population's exposure to thallium. Polyneuritic symptoms, sleep disorders, headache, fatigue and other signs of psychasthenia were found to be the major health effects associated with increased thallium levels in urine and hair. No positive correlation was found between the thallium levels in hair and urine and the prevalence of skin alterations, hair-loss and gastro-intestinal dysfunctions.
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- 1981
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17. Creep deformation of V3Si single crystals
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Nghiep, D. M., Paufler, P., Krämer, U., Kleinstück, K., and Quyen, N. H.
- Abstract
From the experiments during steady state creep of V
3 Si single crystals at T=1280 to 1400° C and s=1 to 7×107 Pa, activation volumes, 10 to 70 b3 , and activation enthalpies, 2 to 11 eV, have been derived. With deviation from stoichiometric composition a hardening effect has been experimentally established. It is suggested that the rate controlling process was due to dislocation glide and dynamic recovery by dislocation climb.- Published
- 1980
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18. Assessment of Neurophysiologic and Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants in 5- and 6-Year-Old Children
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Altmann, L., Sveinsson, K., Krämer, U., Winneke, G., and Wiegand, H.
- Abstract
To investigate the effects of environmental pollutants on neuronal functions in residents of different areas in Germany, a mobile laboratory was developed. The equipment permits the assessment of neurophysiologic as well as neurobehavioral parameters in epidemiologic studies. In two sets of field experiments in 1991 and 1994, more than 700 children, 5 and 6 years old, were tested in three different towns in East and West Germany. Visual functions were measured neurophysiologically by visually evoked potentials, using pattern reversal stimulation. By means of psychophysical methods, the contrast sensitivity was tested and the visual acuity assessed. Finger tapping, simple reaction time, vigilance, pattern comparison, pattern memory, and memory of geometric figures were measured using the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES1 and NES2). In a preliminary analysis, the outcomes of the tests were related to the children's blood lead levels. The experiences with the field studies showed that all tests could be successfully performed even in pre-school-age children. The mobile laboratory has proven to be a useful tool for the detection of neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants in larger populations, providing the opportunity for flexible operation at different locations.
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- 1997
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19. Transmission electron microscopy of dislocation structures in V3Si single crystals after deformation at high temperatures
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Krämer, U.
- Abstract
The plastic deformation of the intermetallic compound V3Si at 1280 to 1500°C takes place by gliding and climbing of dislocations. The Burgers vector of single dislocations is 〈100〉. Occasionally a dislocation with Burgers vector 〈110〉 is observed in nodes. The slip plane of indirectly heated samples is {001}. Straight dislocations preferentially run along 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions. The absence of screw dislocations is explained by their higher mobility compared with edge and 45° dislocations and the presence of two slip planes for each screw dislocation. Sub-grain boundaries in deformed crystals are mostly formed by two sets of dislocations with different Burgers vectors of type 〈100〉. During dynamic recovery elongated prismatic dislocation loops are generated in 〈100〉 directions.
- Published
- 1983
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20. Kinetics of gametogenesis
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Hilscher, B., Hilscher, W., Bülthoff-Ohnolz, B., Krämer, U., Birke, A., Pelzer, H., and Gauss, G.
- Abstract
In the rat (Wistar-WU) sexual differentiation of the gonads occurs between days 14 and 15 post conception (p.c.). At this time the oogonia and their parallel population — the M-prospermatogonia (I-gonocytes)—divide rapidly. On about day 17 p.c., the last generation of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia, frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis. The postmitotic nuclei of their daughter cells—oocytes and T
1 -prospermatogonia (II-gonocytes)—are small; coarse flakes of chromatin are associated with the nuclear membrane causing the typical “crustlike” appearance and the similarity with the prophases of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. After the oocytes have passed a G1 -phase of approximately 10 hr, they enter the S-phase at the end of the preleptotene stage. Then they pass the different stages of the meiotic prophase until they enter the dictyate stage from 3 day post partum (p.p.) onwards. The T1 -prospermatogonia, on the other hand, spend a long G1 -phase of about 10 days without any conspicuous morphological change before entering the S-phase from day 4 p.p. onwards. The duration of the S-pbase (D-S) of both cell types—oocytes and T1 -prospermatogonia—as determined by the double labeling method with14 C- and3 H-thymidine is found to be 11.5 hr. The most favourable time for determining the D-S was day 18 p.c. for the oocytes and day 5 p.p. for the T1 -prospermatogonia. On these two days the balance was reached between the cells entering and leaving the S-phase. The nuclear volumes of the postmitotic oocytes and T1 -prospermatogonia are approximately half the size of those of their precursors. Until day 5 p.p. the nuclear volumes of the oocytes and T1 -prospermatogonia increase about fivefold. The degeneration index of the oocytes is considerably higher than that of the T1 -prospermatogonia; postnatally it is especially high. T2 prospermatogonia arise by mitosis of the T1 -prospermatogonia on day 4 and 5 p.p. The nuclei of this cell type are smaller than those of T1 -prospermatogonia. T2 -prospermatogonia enter mitosis on day 6 p.p and give rise to A-spermatogonia.- Published
- 1974
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21. Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations
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Winneke, G., Krämer, U., Brockhaus, A., Ewers, U., Kujanek, G., Lechner, H., and Janke, W.
- Abstract
Results from neuropsychological tests, collected under double-blind-precautions, were evaluated for 115 schoolage children (mean age: 9.4 years) living in a lead smelter area (Stolberg, FRG). Tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) from shed incisor teeth as measures of longtime lead-exposure were available for these children (x = 6.16 ppm; range: 1.9–38.5 ppm), and for 83 of them blood-lead concentrations (PbB) were available as well (x = 14.3 µg/dl; range: 6.8-33.8 µg/dl). The following functional capacities were tested: intelligence (German WISC), perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnosticum for Cerebralschüdigung = DCS), reaction performance (Wiener Determinationsgerät), finger-wrist tapping-speed, and repetitive cancellation-performance (Differentieller Leistungstest). In addition standardized behavior ratings were obtained by the examiners, the mothers, and the teachers. Multiple stepwise regression-analysis (forced solution) was calculated for outcome-variables and Pb-tooth, including age, sex, duration of labor, and socio-hereditary background as covariates. Significant (P< 0.05) or near-significant (P< 0.1) association was established between Pb-tooth and GFT-performance (errors), reaction-performance (false reactions), and four behavioral dimensions as rated by the mothers, namely distractability, restlessness, lack of information, and wasting of time; the proportion of explained variance never exceeded 6%, however, No significant association was found between PbT and WISC verbal-IQ after the effects of “socio-hereditary background” had been eliminated, although there was still a tendency for high level-children (PbT > 10 ppm) to be inferior to low level-children (PbT ? 4 ppm) by 4.6 IQ-points after correction for confounding. There was a near-significant, inverse relationship between fingerwrist tapping-speed and Pb-blood. The results are discussed within the framework of attention-deficit disorder, and compared to neurobehavioral Pb-effects from animal-experiments, which provide suggestive evidence for a causal relationship between developmental lead-exposure and certain neurobehavioral deficits.
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- 1983
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22. Internal lead and cadmium exposure in 6-year-old children from western and eastern Germany
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Begerow, J., Freier, I., Turfeld, M., Krämer, U., and Dunemann, L.
- Abstract
Lead and cadmium levels in blood and deciduous teeth (shed incisors only) of 6-year-old German children were determined in 1991 in a large epidemiological study carried out in rural and urban areas of western Germany (Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Dortmund, Borken) and eastern Germany (Leipzig, Halle, Magdeburg, Osterburg, Gardelegen, Salzwedel). In total, blood lead and cadmium levels of 2311 German children and tooth lead and cadmium levels of 790 German children were analyzed. Blood lead levels were generally low in all study areas with geometric means between 39.3 µg/1 and 50.8 µg/l in the western German and between 42.3 µg/1 and 68.1 µg/l in the eastern German study areas. The mean blood lead level of Turkish children (n = 213) living in the western German study areas was 50.1 µg/l and thus 5.6 µg/1 higher than the overall geometric mean of the western German children. The higher exposure may be explained by a higher oral uptake from food and different living conditions. These children were excluded from multiple regression analysis because they were all living in the western study areas. The mean tooth lead levels ranged between 1.50 and 1.74 µg/g in the western and between 1.51 µg/g and 2.72 µg/g in the eastern study areas. Thus, they show a distribution pattern similar to blood. Blood and tooth lead levels were higher in urban than in rural areas and higher in the eastern German than in the western German study areas. With regard to the blood and tooth cadmium concentrations, no significant differences between the study areas could be found. The mean cadmium levels in blood ranged between 0.12 µg/1 and 0.14 µg/l and the mean tooth cadmium concentrations between 20.8 ng/g and 27.8 ng/g. Blood and tooth lead and cadmium levels of the eastern and western German children were thus mainly at a relatively low level in all rural and urban study areas. The study demonstrates and confirms that blood and tooth lead levels are influenced by several demographic, social, and environmental variables. The results indicate that there has been a further significant decrease of lead and cadmium exposure in western German children since our last epidemiological study carried out in the same study areas in 1985/1986.
- Published
- 1994
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23. Effects of tetrandrine on spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine at the mouse neuromuscular junction.
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Wiegand, H, McIntosh, L J, Gotzsch, U, and Krämer, U
- Abstract
The action of tetrandrine on spontaneous and phasic acetyl-choline (ACh) release was investigated at the mouse neuromuscular junction recording miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and endplate potentials. Superfusion of muscles with tetrandrine (10 microM) in normal Krebs-Ringer solution induced an increase of the mean regular MEPP amplitude and the overall MEPP frequency. In addition a larger than normal proportion of high-amplitude MEPPs appeared, described as "giants." This enhancement by tetrandrine of spontaneous ACh release also occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM). In elevated magnesium Krebs-Ringer solution the mean amplitude as well as the quantal content of endplate potentials was reduced simultaneously with the enhancement of spontaneous ACh release. Superfusion of muscles with emetine (20 microM), an alkaloid chemically of the same kind as tetrandrine, induced an enhancement of spontaneous ACh release as recorded by MEPPs qualitatively similar to that of tetrandrine. These results suggest that the isoquinolines tetrandrine and emetine similarly increased the spontaneous ACh release. This action of tetrandrine appeared to be presynaptic and was accompanied by a decrease of phasic ACh release.
- Published
- 1996
24. Transmission electron microscopy of dislocation structures in V3Si single crystals after deformation at high temperatures
- Author
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Krämer, U.
- Abstract
The plastic deformation of the intermetallic compound V3Si at 1280 to 1500°C takes place by gliding and climbing of dislocations. The Burgers vector of single dislocations is 〈100〉. Occasionally a dislocation with Burgers vector 〈110〉 is observed in nodes. The slip plane of indirectly heated samples is {001}. Straight dislocations preferentially run along 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions. The absence of screw dislocations is explained by their higher mobility compared with edge and 45° dislocations and the presence of two slip planes for each screw dislocation. Sub-grain boundaries in deformed crystals are mostly formed by two sets of dislocations with different Burgers vectors of type 〈100〉. During dynamic recovery elongated prismatic dislocation loops are generated in 〈100〉 directions.
- Published
- 1983
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25. Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living in different areas of North-West Germany: results of biological monitoring studies 1982–1986
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Brockhaus, A., Collet, W., Dolgner, R., Engelke, R., Ewers, U., Freier, I., Jermann, E., Krämer, U., Manojlovic, N., Turfeld, M., and Winneke, G.
- Abstract
Between 1982 and 1986 several surveys were carried out to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in blood, urine, and shed deciduous teeth (incisors only) of children living in rural, suburban, urban, and industrial areas of North-West Germany. Blood lead (PbB) and blood cadmium (CdB) were measured in about 4000 children. In rural, suburban and urban areas the median PbB levels vary between 5.5 and 7 µg/dl, with 98th percentiles varying between 10 and 13 µg/dl. The median CdB levels are between 0.1 and 0.2 µg/dl, with 95th percentiles between 0.3 and 0.4 µg/l. Children from urban areas have significantly higher PbB levels than children from rural and suburban areas. Regarding CdB no differences could be detected. Children living in areas around lead and zinc smelters, particularly those living very close to the smelters, have substantially increased PbB and CdB levels. Children from lead worker families also have substantially increased PbB and CdB levels. The lead levels in shed milk teeth (PbT) were determined in about 3000 children. In rural, suburban and urban areas the median PbT levels are between 2 and 3 µg/g, with 95th percentiles between 4 and 7 µg/g. Children from urban areas have significantly higher PbT levels than children from rural and suburban areas. The highest PbT levels (on a group basis) are in children from nonferrous smelter areas. The median levels of lead in urine (PbU) are between 6 and 10 µg/g creatinine, with 95th percentiles between 20 and 30 µg/g creatinine. Children from polluted areas have higher PbU levels than children from less polluted areas. The median levels of cadmium in urine (CdU) are in the order of 0.1 µg/g creatinine, with 95th percentiles being in the range of 0.5 and 1.0 µg/g creatinine. Girls have higher CdU levels than boys. There are no differences between groups of children from different areas. Children from lead worker families have higher PbU and CdU levels than otherwise comparable children. The results of the present studies indicate a further decrease of PbB in children from North-West Germany since the CEC blood lead campaigns carried out in 1979 and 1981. The decrease of lead exposure also seems to be reflected by a decrease of tooth lead levels.
- Published
- 1988
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26. Lead in deciduous teeth of children living in a non-ferrous smelter area and a rural area of the FRG
- Author
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Ewers, U., Brockhaus, A., Winneke, G., Freier, I., Jermann, E., and Krämer, U.
- Abstract
Lead concentrations were measured in the deciduous teeth (incisors) of 302 children living in a lead-smelter area in the FRG (Stolberg, Rheinland) and of 86 children living in a nonpolluted rural area (Gummersbach, Bergisches Land). Blood lead levels were determined in 83 of the children living in the lead smelter area. On average, tooth lead levels of children living in the smelter area (mean: 6.0 µg/g; range: 1.49–38.5 µg/g) were significantly higher than those of children living in the rural area (mean: 3.9 µg/g; range: 1.6–9.4 µg/g). Blood lead levels were 6.8–33.8 µg/100 ml (mean: 14.3 µg/100 ml). Children of lead workers had on average higher tooth lead and blood lead levels than children of people who were not lead-workers. Tooth lead levels increased with increasing duration of residence in the lead-smelter area and with the degree of local environmental pollution by lead, as indicated by the lead content of the atmospheric dust fall-out around the children's homes. The correlation coefficient of tooth lead vs blood lead was 0.47. The intra-individual variability of tooth lead levels was low (r=0.86), and tooth lead levels of brothers and sisters were similar (r=0.75), suggesting that tooth lead may be used as a representative and reliable indicator of long-term lead exposure.
- Published
- 1982
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27. Epidemiologische untersuchungen zur ökologischen bleibelastung von männlichen gro\stadtbewohnern in Nordwestdeutschland
- Author
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Brockhaus, A., Freier, I., Ewers, U., Baginski, B., Krämer, U., and Dolgner, R.
- Abstract
Blood lead levels (PbB) and FEP-levels were measured in 1423 and 673 50-year-old males, respectively, from Cologne, a large West German city. The mean PbB value was 12.8 µg/ 100 g and the mean FEP was 35.3 µg/100 ml erythrocytes. Subjects working in production lines or in processing plants had higher PbB values than subjects working as employees and officers in administration, management, schools etc. Cigarette smokers had significant higher PbB values than non-smokers. The highest mean PbB values were found in the city centre as well as in three highly industrialized areas. PbB values were smaller in suburban areas. Within the range of PbB levels studied (3.5–56.6 µg/100 g), no statistically significant relationship between PbB and FEP could be demonstrated. The importance of PbB as a primary test for the biological screening of the population for lead is emphasized.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Generation of effective zinc-deficient agar-solidified media allows identification of root morphology changes in response to zinc limitation
- Author
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Sinclair, S. A. and Krämer, U.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTEarlier, we demonstrated that transcript levels of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN2(MTP2)and of HEAVY METAL ATPase2(HMA2) increase strongly in roots of Arabidopsis upon prolonged zinc (Zn) deficiency and respond to shoot physiological Zn status, and not to the local Zn status in roots. This provided evidence for shoot-to-root communication in the acclimation of plants to Zn deficiency. Zn-deficient soils limit both the yield and quality of agricultural crops and can result in clinically relevant nutritional Zn deficiency in human populations. Implementing Zn deficiency during cultivation of the model plant Arabidopsis thalianaon agar-solidified media is difficult because trace element contaminations are present in almost all commercially available agars. Here, we demonstrate root morphological acclimations to Zn deficiency on agar-solidified medium following the effective removal of contaminants. These advancements allow reproducible phenotyping toward understanding fundamental plant responses to deficiencies of Zn and other essential trace elements.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Regulation of acetylation of plant cell wall components is complex and responds to external stimuli
- Author
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Sinclair, S. A., Gille, S., Pauly, M., and Krämer, U.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTPreviously, we reported that the allelic de-etiolated by zinc (dez)and trichome birefringence(tbr) mutants exhibit photomorphogenic development in the dark, which is enhanced by high Zn. TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins had been implicated in transferring acetyl groups to various hemicelluloses. Pectin O-acetylation levels were lower in dark-grown dezseedlings than in the wild type. We observed Zn-enhanced photomorphogenesis in the dark also in the reduced wall acetylation 2(rwa2-3) mutant, which exhibits lowered O-acetylation levels of cell wall macromolecules including pectins and xyloglucans, supporting a role for cell wall macromolecule O-acetylation in the photomorphogenic phenotypes of rwa2-3and dez. Application of very short oligogalacturonides (vsOGs) restored skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dezand rwa2-3. Here we demonstrate that in dez, O-acetylation of non-pectin cell wall components, notably of xyloglucan, is enhanced. Our results highlight the complexity of cell wall homeostasis and indicate against an influence of xyloglucan O-acetylation on light-dependent seedling development.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. High-temperature creep and structure investigation of nearly stoichiometric Fe3Si
- Author
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Vega, H., Krämer, U., Försterling, G., and Kleinstück, K.
- Abstract
X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out on powdered single crystals of nearly stoichiometric Fe
3 Si. The experimental data obtained in the temperature range from room temperature up to 750‡ C in terms of long-range order, thermal expansion, phase transition and Debye temperature (together with values of the Curie temperature) support the existence of two modifications of the DO3 structure for Fe-26 at% Si alloys and a phase transition in the DO3 structure field at 595‡ C. The high-temperature modification has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient, a higher Curie temperature and a higher Debye temperature.- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. 156 Air pollution and skin aging: Is there a mediator role for air pollution-induced lung inflammation?
- Author
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Vierkötter, A., Hüls, A., Sugiri, D., Krämer, U., Seite, S., Yang, Y., Jin, L., Wang, S., Krutmann, J., and Schikowski, T.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. 155 Air pollution and incidence of eczema in elderly women
- Author
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Schnass, W., Hüls, A., Vierkötter, A., Xia, J., Krämer, U., Krutmann, J., and Schikowski, T.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. IS PREVENTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS WITH HYDROLYSATE FORMULAS COST EFFECTIVE AN APPLICATION OF RESULTS OF THE GINISTUDY TO THE GERMAN SITUATION
- Author
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Mertens, J., Stock, S., Lüngen, M., von Berg, A., Krämer, U., FilipiakPittroff, B., Heinrich, J., Koletzko, S., Grübl, A., Wichmann, H.E., Bauer, C.P., Reinhardt, D., Berdel, D., and Gerber, A.
- Published
- 2010
34. 126 Is Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis with Hydrolysate Formulas Cost Effective? An Application of Results of the Gini-Study to the German Situation
- Author
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Mertens, J, Stock, S, Lüngen, M, Von Berg, A, Krämer, U, Filipiak-Pittroff, B, Heinrich, J, Koletzko, S, Grübl, A, Wichmann, H -E, Bauer, C -P, Reinhardt, D, Berdel, D, and Gerber, A
- Abstract
Background and aims: Atopic eczema generates a high economic burden, eg. 1.2-3.5 billion [euro ] per annum in Germany. The GINI trial, a prospective, randomized, double-blind intervention study in Germany that recruited a cohort of 2,252 infants with parental and/or sibling-related heredity for atopy between 1995 and 1998 showed that children fed with certain hydrolysate formulas at least the first four months of life have a reduction of the relative risk for atopic dermatitis by 26-45% compared to a cow's milk formula. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of feeding hydrolysate formulas in the prevention of atopic eczema.Methods: Cost-effectiveness was assessed with a decision tree model programmed with the software TreeAge. Children were followed over a 6 year period. Costs and effects were analyzed using the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI) and a societal perspective.Results: In the base case scenario both the partial whey hydrolysate and the extensively hydrolysed casein formula-feeding are cost-effective in preventing infantile atopic eczema from a societal perspective. In the sixth year both formulas generated cost-savings. From the SHI perspective, the extensively hydrolysed casein formula was cost-effective and the partial whey hydrolysate cost-saving after six years. The third formula, an extensively hydrolysed whey formula, was dominated in both analyses.Conclusion: Our results show that for the prevention of atopic eczema two formulas can be cost-effective or even cost-saving depending on the scenario.Economic studies indicate that atopic dermatitis generates a high economic burden.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Temporal-Spatial Trends of Health Indicators in Children in a Highly-Exposed Industrial City in Germany.
- Author
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Ranft, U, Sugiri, D, Gladtke, D, Eberwein, G, Krämer, U, and Wilhelm, M
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Pollution From Industry And Traffic and Changes in Allergy Prevalence of German Children.
- Author
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Krämer, U, Ranft, U, Ring, J, and Behrendt, H
- Published
- 2006
37. Risk factors for eczema and sensitization differ in German preschool children 1994-2000.
- Author
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Krämer, U., Schäfer, T., Möhrenschlager, M., Ring, J., and Behrendt, H.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. OUTCOME OF EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL PCB-EXPOSURE IN 42-MONTHS-OLD CHILDREN.
- Author
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Winneke, G, Boersma, E R, Grandjean, P, Krämer, U, Steingrüber, H J, and Weisglas-Kuperus, N
- Subjects
POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls & the environment ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of polychlorinated biphenyls ,POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls ,CHILDREN'S health ,CHILD development - Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) a stable environmental con-taminant mixtures consisting of up to 209 congeners differing from each other by the number and position of chlorine atoms on the two basic benzene rings. Four marker congeners (IUPAC no 118, 138, 153, 180) are typically measured to quantify PCB-levels in biological and environmental material. PCBs are lipophilic, resistant to biodegradation, and cross the placenta thus exposing the foetus prenatally and, through nursing, postnatally the suckling baby, as well. PCBs are neurotoxic, particularly in a developmental context, but there is still controversy as to whether there is risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at current environmental PCB-levels. In order to clarify this issue and in order to increase the statistical power for the detection of subtle effects an European coordinated cohort study was initiated covering rural, marine and urban environments in Denmark (Faroe Islands), the Netherlands (Groningen, Rotterdam) and Germany (Düsseldorf). Individual study reports have been pub-lished (Patandin et al., 1999; Steuerwald et al., 2000; Walkowiak et al., 2001), but results from the combined data set at 42 months of age have not yet been presented.Healthy mother-infant pairs were recruited from local hospitals in Rotter-dam/Groningen (N = 418), the Faroe Islands (N = 182) and Düsseldorf (N = 171). 3 or 4 marker congeners were measured in maternal and/or cordblood, and in mother's milk taken at two weeks. At 42 months of age physical (height, weight, head circumference), neurological (Neurological Optimality according to Touwen), and mental development (Kaufman Achievement Battery for Children = K-ABC; Dutch and German Cohort only) were measured following a uniform protocol, and analysed for associations with neonatal PCB-exposure by means of multiple linear regression modelling.As for physical development no significant associations were found with neonatal PCB-exposure, but with postnatal PCBs in 42 months serum (t = -1.45; p < 0.1 for head cir-cumference, t = -2.46; p < 0.01 for height and t = -4.17, p < 0.001 for weight). No significant nor borderline associations were found for neurological development. As for mental devel-opment significant negative associations were found for K-ABC simultaneous processing (t = -2.24; p < 0.01) for PCBs in cordblood and borderline ones for postnatal intake, as well (t = -1.78; p < 0.10), but not for the sequential or composite scales.As for physical development these data are primarily compatible with an inter-pretation in terms of growth-related PCB-dilution, although a negative impact of postnatal PCB-intake on growth cannot be fully excluded. As for mental development the findings are generally in line with previous reports emphasising the importance of prenatal PCB-exposure for neurodevelopmental adversity. Supported within EU Programmes (Contracts: EV5V-CT920 702, EVN4-CT96-0209). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. DEALING WITH SPATIAL CLUSTERING AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE DEFINITION IN THE ANALYSIS OF LONG TERM INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON HEALTH.
- Author
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Krämer, U and Ranft, U
- Subjects
AEROSOLS ,AIR pollution ,CLUSTERING of particles - Abstract
The effects of long term influence of air pollution especially of particles on morbidity are still under debate. Some of the larger studies which have been conducted to clarify the subject include the Harvard Six-City study, the North American study on health effects of acid aerosols, the Swiss studies SCARPOL and SAPALDIA, studies in East and West Germany and the Southern Californian UCLA study. Retrospective cohort studies in Europe are ongoing. The impossibility to monitor personal exposure during long periods of time (years) or retrospectively is one of the major methodological difficulties in these studies. Outdoor measurements from fixed stations are often used instead and individuals are recruited from areas around these stations. Two different problems have to be considered when determining the association between air pollution and health by regression models in this type of study namely spatial clustering and ecological exposure definition.Despite apparent similarities very different methods are used in the above mentioned studies to deal with these problems: (1) Regression models treating individuals as independent, (2)ecological regression, (3)random effect models with a two stage estimation procedure or (4)closed estimation procedures as well as models including area specific covariates.In the above mentioned studies the problems of spatial clustering and of ecological exposure definition were not distinguished, because it is the area where clustering could occur and it is also the area for which air pollution concentrations are defined. But, there can be spatial clustering combined with personal exposure definition and no spatial clustering with ecological exposure definition. Spatial clustering can be caused by random area specific variation or by systematic area specific deviations from the regression: Ecological regression does not solve the problem of spatial clustering for the individuals. Multilevel models can adequately account for spatial clustering. Estimation procedures for multilevel models are now commonly available in standard statistical packages. Two types of variables are used in this type of analysis. The first are defined for individuals, the second for areas. Hierarchical two-level analysis is adequate. Second level variables should be included to account for systematic deviations between regression residuals within areas. Additional area specific random variables can be included to account for additional random fluctuation between areas. But, it has to be taken into account that random effect models alone can not account for unmeasured covariates on an ecological level.Main purpose of the studies is to draw inferences about individuals. Therefore in the analysis of this type of study the higher level area effects should be viewed as nuisance parameter which must be taken into account in order to correctly estimate parameter estimates for the individual. The authors, whose methods have been reviewed, do not agree in their judgement whether the one air pollution measurement in the area is a measurement of an area property (unit of observation is the area), or whether it is a proxy for unavailable individual level data (unit of observation is the individual). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
40. Dünnschichtchromatographische Bestimmung von Riboflavin im Harn
- Author
-
Krämer, U., Bitsch, R., and Hötzel, D.
- Abstract
Summary A method is described for determining riboflavin excretion in urine by thin-Layer chromatography. The sample will be preliminarily purified on Permutit T with subsequent separation of riboflavin by thin-layer chromatography on Kieselgel HR with pyridine — acetic acid — water as an eluant. Substances interfering with the fluorescence of riboflavin can be eliminated through the procedure. Riboflavin remission is measured by a chromatogramspectralphotometer with fluorescence equipment. Between 0.02 to 0.5 µg riboflavin intensity of fluorescence is proportional to the concentration of riboflavin.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. OUTCOME OF EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL PCBEXPOSURE IN 42MONTHSOLD CHILDREN
- Author
-
Winneke, G, Boersma, E R, Grandjean, P, Krämer, U, Steingrüber, H J, and Weisglas-Kuperus, N
- Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) a stable environmental con-taminant mixtures consisting of up to 209 congeners differing from each other by the number and position of chlorine atoms on the two basic benzene rings. Four marker congeners (IUPAC no 118, 138, 153, 180) are typically measured to quantify PCB-levels in biological and environmental material. PCBs are lipophilic, resistant to biodegradation, and cross the placenta thus exposing the foetus prenatally and, through nursing, postnatally the suckling baby, as well. PCBs are neurotoxic, particularly in a developmental context, but there is still controversy as to whether there is risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at current environmental PCB-levels. In order to clarify this issue and in order to increase the statistical power for the detection of subtle effects an European coordinated cohort study was initiated covering rural, marine and urban environments in Denmark (Faroe Islands), the Netherlands (Groningen, Rotterdam) and Germany (Düsseldorf). Individual study reports have been pub-lished (Patandin et al., 1999; Steuerwald et al., 2000; Walkowiak et al., 2001), but results from the combined data set at 42 months of age have not yet been presented.
- Published
- 2003
42. DEALING WITH SPATIAL CLUSTERING AND ECOLOGICAL EXPOSURE DEFINITION IN THE ANALYSIS OF LONG TERM INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON HEALTH
- Author
-
Krämer, U and Ranft, U
- Abstract
The effects of long term influence of air pollution especially of particles on morbidity are still under debate. Some of the larger studies which have been conducted to clarify the subject include the Harvard Six-City study, the North American study on health effects of acid aerosols, the Swiss studies SCARPOL and SAPALDIA, studies in East and West Germany and the Southern Californian UCLA study. Retrospective cohort studies in Europe are ongoing. The impossibility to monitor personal exposure during long periods of time (years) or retrospectively is one of the major methodological difficulties in these studies. Outdoor measurements from fixed stations are often used instead and individuals are recruited from areas around these stations. Two different problems have to be considered when determining the association between air pollution and health by regression models in this type of study namely spatial clustering and ecological exposure definition.
- Published
- 2003
43. Developmental aspects in neurobehavioural toxicology: Contribution to risk assessment for environmental neurotoxicants
- Author
-
Winneke, G., Krämer, U., Walkowia, J., and Steingrüber, H.J.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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