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1‐Phenylnaphthalene undergoes sulfur bridging at 500° in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and a heterogeneous catalyst to produce benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]thiophene (13%). 3‐Methylphenanthrene and 9‐formylphenanthrene diethyl acetal (7b) give sulfur bridging to produce phenanthro[4,5‐bcd]thiophene, i.e. with loss of the ring substituent. Additionally, 7bhydrogenolyzes to 9‐methylphenanthrene. With decadeuteriobiphenyl as a substrate, the dibenzothiophene formed, as well as the biphenyl recovered, is largely devoid of deuterium label. Confirmation that benzene and toluene react under sulfur‐bridging conditions is presented.

Increased activity of the polyol pathway for glucose metabolism and increased intracellular levels of glucose, polyol, and fructose have been implicated in the onset of chronic complications of diabetes in certain tissues where the transport of glucose is not insulin-dependent. Levels of all three carbohydrates were found to be significantly higher in sciatic nerves and lenses from diabetic and ketotic hamsters than in tissues from nondiabetic control animals (p<0.01). Glucose, polyol, and fructose levels were not significantly different in spinal cords or gastrocnemius muscles from diabetic and ketotic hamsters than in tissues from nondiabetic hamsters. There was a linear relationship between blood glucose levels and tissue levels of glucose (r=0.885), polyol (r= 0.797), fructose (r=0.886) and the total tissue concentration of all three substances (r=0.916) in hamster sciatic nerves. Similarly, a linear correlation between blood glucose levels and levels of glucose (r=0.934), polyol (r=0.784), fructose (r=0.866) and the total tissue concentration of the three carbohydrates (r= 0.915) in lenses was also established. The results of these studies provide evidence that glucose, polyol, and fructose levels are elevated in certain tissues from animals with spontaneous diabetes. The significance of these observations with respect to the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes remains to be determined.

1.Lebende motorische Einzelfasern aus dem Nervus m. gastrocnemii des Frosches wurden mit Ringerlösungen basischer und saurer Farbstoffe gefärbt. Mit sauren Farbstoffen wurden keine Resultate erzielt.2.Eine häufig beobachtete Ansammlung basischen Farbstoffes zwischen den Myelingrenzen des Ranvierschen Knotens dürfte mit dem von früheren Untersuchern beschriebenen Ring identisch sein.3.Im weiteren Verlauf der Färbung konnten nach Einwirkung basischen Farbstoffs an den Ranvierschen Knoten granuläre Bildungen intensiver Färbbarkeit beobachtet werden. Ausdehnung und Lokalisation der Granula werden beschrieben.4.Eine Deutung des Charakters der Granula ist mit den hier verwendeten einfachen Methoden nicht möglich.

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Acetylation of the title compound (I) with a slight excess of AcCl (II) under Friedel‐Crafts conditions affords the 3‐acetyl derivative (III) in 78% yield along with the 3,5‐diacetyl derivative (IV) in 7% yield.

The amino acid hydrochloride (VI) is prepared from the aminomethylazulene (I) via coupling with the nitromalonate (II), followed by decarboxylation, reduction, and saponification.

Nitration of thieno(3,2‐b)pyridine oxide (I) is accompanied by N‐deoxygenation to yield the 3,7‐dinitro derivative (II), whereas nitration of 7‐nitrothieno(3,2‐b)pyridine oxide (III) with a large excess of nitrating agent introduces a second nitro group to yield the 3,7‐dinitro derivative (IV).

In the solid state, the enol chelate (III) is found to be the only existing tautomer, whereas in solution minor amounts of the keto tautomer are also present.

Nitration of triphenylene (I) gives a mixture of the nitrotriphenylenes (III) and (IV) or almost exclusively the 1‐nitro derivative (III) depending on the nitration agent.

A new synthetic route to the title compound (IV) and its methoiodide (V) is described.

Triphenylene (II) or the dodecahydrotriphenylene (I) react with hydrogen sulfide (III) in the presence of a chromium oxide catalyst to form the fused thiophene (IV).

The thienopyridine N‐oxide (II) is coupled with the cyanoacetate (I) to yield the α‐cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene compound (IIIb).