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In manufacturing of UHTCMC components machining is often one of the ultimate process steps and have then important objectives, including dimensional tolerances and surface roughness. Additionally, the prevention of any damage to high-value components is very important. In this study, the machining of 0/90°-C/ZrB2composite is investigated to understand some fundamental mechanisms involved. Specifically, the material removal mechanisms of the heterogeneous and anisotropic material structure through scratch tests are explored. Grinding experiments are conducted to evaluate surface quality, measuring surface roughness and grinding forces. This allows an interpretation of machining induced damage mechanisms of UHTCMCs. 0/90°-C/ZrB2shows generally brittle removal mechanisms and influence of fiber cutting direction. Scratching depth and speed influences less on damage. This was also found in the grinding experiments, where roughness remains almost constant.