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Multiomics technologies with single-cell and spatial resolution make it possible to measure thousands of features across millions of cells. However, visual analysis of high-dimensional transcriptomic, proteomic, genome-mapped and imaging data types simultaneously remains a challenge. Here we describe Vitessce, an interactive web-based visualization framework for exploration of multimodal and spatially resolved single-cell data. We demonstrate integrative visualization of millions of data points, including cell-type annotations, gene expression quantities, spatially resolved transcripts and cell segmentations, across multiple coordinated views. The open-source software is available at http://vitessce.io.

Silica from rice husk [SiO2(rh)] was used as a mineral base for sequential loading of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) hydrochloride. As result a filler for polymer coatings with a wide spectrum of antifouling activity was obtained. The complex filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The filler was introduced into epoxy (EP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and epoxy-siloxane (EP-PDMS) polymer matrices at 3 wt% and 5 wt% to evaluate their antifouling performance and effect on the durability characteristics of coatings. Characterization of the coatings was performed including water contact angle, surface free energy, pseudo-barnacle adhesion strength and modulus of elasticity. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the prepared samples were evaluated using Staphylococcus aureusand Candida albicans. Antifouling properties were evaluated in field tests for 7 months. The incorporation of a complex filler involving SeNPs and PHMG made it possible to increase the coating resistance to fouling by 2–5 times. The best results were observed for the EP-PDMS sample with 5 wt% SiO2(rh)-SeNPs-PHMG characterized by low values of surface free energy (10.3 mN/m) and pseudo-barnacle adhesion strength (0.32 MPa) and acceptable rate of biocidal components release. The results indicate the promising use of the new filler for development of effective antifouling coatings.

Abstract: A procedure has been proposed for producing ceramic substrates for filtration membranes based on a narrow fraction of fine fly ash microspheres using cold uniaxial pressing followed by high-temperature firing. It has been shown that increasing the sintering temperature from 1000 to 1150°C leads to a decrease in open porosity from 40 to 24%, a decrease in the average pore size from 1.60 to 0.34 μm, and an increase in the compressive strength from 9.5 to 159 MPa. The resulting substrates are characterized by water permeability values of 1210, 310, 240, 170 L m−2h−1bar−1at sintering temperatures of 1000, 1050, 1100 and 1150°C, respectively. Experiments on filtration of aqueous suspensions of fine microspheres (dav= 2.5 µm) and microsilica (dav= 1.9 μm) through a substrate produced at a sintering temperature of 1150°C have shown the rejection close to 100%. The proposed methodology for using ash waste in the production of membrane materials promotes the development of technologies for the integrated processing of thermal energy waste.

Corruption in healthcare has become transnational and intersectoral in nature; leading countries around the world have become vulnerable and insufficiently prepared to address health crises. The article deals with topical issues of corruption in healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in public and private sectors. By comparing different ratings, we concluded that there is a correlation between the level of corruption and the average annual income of the respective state, the observance of human rights and democratic standards in the context of their response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Genetic mutations accumulate in an organism’s body throughout its lifetime. While somatic single-nucleotide variants have been well characterized in the human body, the patterns and consequences of large chromosomal alterations in normal tissues remain largely unknown. Here, we present a pan-tissue survey of mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) in 948 healthy individuals from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project, augmenting RNA-based allelic imbalance estimation with haplotype phasing. We found that approximately a quarter of the individuals carry a clonally-expanded mCA in at least one tissue, with incidence strongly correlated with age. The prevalence and genome-wide patterns of mCAs vary considerably across tissue types, suggesting tissue-specific mutagenic exposure and selection pressures. The mCA landscapes in normal adrenal and pituitary glands resemble those in tumors arising from these tissues, whereas the same is not true for the esophagus and skin. Together, our findings show a widespread age-dependent emergence of mCAs across normal human tissues with intricate connections to tumorigenesis.

The article describes the methodology and results of geodetic observations of additional subsidence of two residential buildings with strip foundations on moist loess soil. Next to them, a pit was dug for the new building, which was deeper than the level of the soles of these foundations. The authors proved that of arranging the pit fence ensured the fulfillment of regulatory requirements for not exceeding the maximum allowable values of foundations of existing buildings by additional subsidence. The technology provided for the construction of a pit enclosure with sheet piling (I-beam No. 30) with a step of 1 m, with timber lagging between them. At the same time, the phasing of soil extraction in the initial stages under the protection of a soil berm was maintained. Then they installed the capping beam, struts, rakers and gradually raised the floor and outer wall of the parking lot of the new building. Sufficient convergence of the simulation results in the plane condition using the finite element method and field studies was determined. An elastic-plastic soil model of the "basement - foundations of an existing building - pit enclosure" system was used for modeling.

Understanding kidney disease relies on defining the complexity of cell types and states, their associated molecular profiles and interactions within tissue neighbourhoods1. Here we applied multiple single-cell and single-nucleus assays (>400,000 nuclei or cells) and spatial imaging technologies to a broad spectrum of healthy reference kidneys (45 donors) and diseased kidneys (48 patients). This has provided a high-resolution cellular atlas of 51 main cell types, which include rare and previously undescribed cell populations. The multi-omic approach provides detailed transcriptomic profiles, regulatory factors and spatial localizations spanning the entire kidney. We also define 28 cellular states across nephron segments and interstitium that were altered in kidney injury, encompassing cycling, adaptive (successful or maladaptive repair), transitioning and degenerative states. Molecular signatures permitted the localization of these states within injury neighbourhoods using spatial transcriptomics, while large-scale 3D imaging analysis (around 1.2 million neighbourhoods) provided corresponding linkages to active immune responses. These analyses defined biological pathways that are relevant to injury time-course and niches, including signatures underlying epithelial repair that predicted maladaptive states associated with a decline in kidney function. This integrated multimodal spatial cell atlas of healthy and diseased human kidneys represents a comprehensive benchmark of cellular states, neighbourhoods, outcome-associated signatures and publicly available interactive visualizations.

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Targeted spatial transcriptomics hold particular promise in analyzing complex tissues. Most such methods, however, measure only a limited panel of transcripts, which need to be selected in advance to inform on the cell types or processes being studied. A limitation of existing gene selection methods is their reliance on scRNA-seq data, ignoring platform effects between technologies. Here we describe gpsFISH, a computational method performing gene selection through optimizing detection of known cell types. By modeling and adjusting for platform effects, gpsFISH outperforms other methods. Furthermore, gpsFISH can incorporate cell type hierarchies and custom gene preferences to accommodate diverse design requirements.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met). Methods: T2DM was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomized into five groups: 1 – intact animals (n = 8), 2 – T2DM (n = 9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n = 7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n = 7); 5 – T2DM+ICH+D3 (n = 7). Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed using commercial kits. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC370/430), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/9 by gelatin zymography. Results: D3 does not significantly affect the glucose level and OGTT in rats with T2DM+ICH. However, it reduces AOPP, PC, and AGEs, thus reducing the COS index. In contrast, the activity of proMMP9 increases after D3 administration. These effects of D3 have been reported to be stronger and sometimes opposite to those of metformin. Conclusion: D3 supplementation may decrease the negative consequences of a cerebral hemorrhage in T2DM by reducing COS and preventing the accumulation of COS-modified proteins in the brain by regulating the expression and activity of MMP9.

The glandular stomach is composed of two regenerative compartments termed corpus and antrum, and our understanding of the transcriptional networks that maintain these tissues is incomplete. Here we show that cell types with equivalent functional roles in the corpus and antrum share similar transcriptional states including the poorly characterized stem cells of the isthmus region. To further study the isthmus, we developed a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) culture system that is continually maintained by Wnt-responsive isthmus-like cells capable of differentiating into several gastric cell types. Importantly, 2D cultures can be converted into conventional three-dimensional organoids, modelling the plasticity of gastric epithelial cells in vivo. Finally, we utilized the 2D culture system to show that Sox2is both necessary and sufficient to generate enterochromaffin cells. Together, our data provide important insights into gastric homeostasis, establish a tractable culture system to capture isthmus cells and uncover a role for Sox2 in enterochromaffin cells.

In this article, the computational simulation of the workflow in the primary combustion chamber flame tube of the afterburning turbofan jet engine (ATJE) on the tactical military aircraft was carried out. The geometric model of a flame tube was created and adapted to perform the interrelated calculation of the thermal and stress-strain behaviour of the walls of the flame tube influenced by the operational loads during the computational simulation of the workflow. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the simulation results was conducted, and the connection between the peculiarities of the workflow and the characteristic damage of the flame tubes, detected during the operation, was established. The possibility of using modern CAD/CAE systems to solve the scientific tasks towards maximizing the cycle life potential of the main and primarily important components of the ATJE on the assessment basis of their damage exhaustion degree was determined.

Abstract: The relationship between sp2/sp3hybridizations ratio of atomic bonds in diamond-like carbon (DLC) and its electrical resistivity for coatings with a thickness in the range 22–70 nm prepared by vacuum arc deposition on silicon substrate of the SHB-8 brand has been established. It is established, that an increase in the coating thickness from 22 to 70 nm is accompanied by a decrease in the specific transverse electrical resistance of samples from 17 to 2 GΩ m. This effect is explained by an increase in the proportion of carbon atoms with sp2hybridization of electronic orbitals from 86 to 91%, which leads to the appearance of an additional number of π-bonds. A mathematical model describing the spatial distribution of current when measuring the transverse I–Vcharacteristic, has been developed. The results obtained will be useful in creating resistive layers on the electrodes of gas-discharge detectors of charged particle to limit the amount of c-urrent in the event of rare spark discharges inside them caused by the registration of random highly ionizing pa-rticles.

Abstract: Samples of two-layer ceramics based on polydisperse powder of the pearlite mineral and foam silicates possessing high compressive strength up to 50 MPa, thermal stability up to 1150°C, and water permeability of 272 m3/h m2bar have been obtained. According to the X-ray powder diffraction analysis, the supporting substrate material is X-ray amorphous. The average pore size of the supporting substrate is 40 µm, while the average pore size of the modifying layer is 17 µm according to the bubble method and electron microscopy. The obtained materials are promising for use as substrates of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes.

The paper analyzes the concepts of "data", "information", "knowledge", "intelligence", "activity", establishes their relationship in the context of integrating information about the enterprise with the contours of security management through the connection of information technologies, operation technologies, ecology technologies (IT, OT, ET). The authors propose an integrated model of information representation of the organization based on a chain of data, information, knowledge and activity / intelligence. The main feature of this model is that it explicitly includes activities that are implemented considering the laws of natural intelligence and forms a corresponding control loop. The security management system is based on identifying and tolerating threats on the stages of processing the data, information, knowledge and intelligence/activities and IT, OT and ET levels. Two industrial cases related to dialog enterprise management system and post-accident monitoring system are discussed.

The paper presents the results of tests of HPC (high performance composites) samples consisting of aramid and glass fabrics modified by agglomerates of WC and WO3 nanopowders. According to the test results, introduction of WC and WO3 powders into the composite plate structure makes it more rigid and elastic, increasing its ability to dissipate energy.

Work on the current topic of hybrid titanium-polymer composite materials (TPCM) is continuing. After checking the technological feasibility of two-stage processes for manufacturing parts of flat shapes and with a single curvature, identifying opportunities for improving the adhesive interaction, work is carried out to assess the possibility of varying design parameters, such as reinforcement schemes, combinations of components, etc.in order to obtain optimal properties of manufactured parts.

Tissue function depends on cellular organization. While the properties of individual cells are increasingly being deciphered using powerful single-cell sequencing technologies, understanding their spatial organization and temporal evolution remains a major challenge. Here, we present Image-seq, a technology that provides single-cell transcriptional data on cells that are isolated from specific spatial locations under image guidance, thus preserving the spatial information of the target cells. It is compatible with in situ and in vivo imaging and can document the temporal and dynamic history of the cells being analyzed. Cell samples are isolated from intact tissue and processed with state-of-the-art library preparation protocols. The technique therefore combines spatial information with highly sensitive RNA sequencing readouts from individual, intact cells. We have used both high-throughput, droplet-based sequencing as well as SMARTseq-v4 library preparation to demonstrate its application to bone marrow and leukemia biology. We discovered that DPP4 is a highly upregulated gene during early progression of acute myeloid leukemia and that it marks a more proliferative subpopulation that is confined to specific bone marrow microenvironments. Furthermore, the ability of Image-seq to isolate viable, intact cells should make it compatible with a range of downstream single-cell analysis tools including multi-omics protocols.

Modern resource markets are globalised, which gives significant advantages to countries that own these resources. The proceeds from the sale of resources to global markets can serve as a financial phase for the implementation of important government development programmes in a country. The paper examines the influence of the economic and political aspects of globalisation on the export operations of OPEC and OPEC+ member countries. A statistical study of the dependence of export volume dynamics on the KOF Globalisation Index and its components was carried out, which made it possible to quantitatively assess the impact of political and economic globalisation on OPEC countries' exports by developing a mathematical model that would describe the relationship between these indicators. The OPEC and OPEC+ countries were grouped depending on those components of the globalisation indicator that affect export volumes, that is, according to the level of countries' involvement in globalisation.

Massive single-cell profiling efforts have accelerated our discovery of the cellular composition of the human body while at the same time raising the need to formalize this new knowledge. Here, we discuss current efforts to harmonize and integrate different sources of annotations of cell types and states into a reference cell ontology. We illustrate with examples how a unified ontology can consolidate and advance our understanding of cell types across scientific communities and biological domains.